Difference between revisions of "2001 AMC 12 Problems/Problem 12"

Revision as of 23:20, 7 October 2017

The following problem is from both the 2001 AMC 12 #12 and 2001 AMC 10 #25, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

How many positive integers not exceeding $2001$ are multiples of $3$ or $4$ but not $5$ ?

$\text{(A) }768 \qquad \text{(B) }801 \qquad \text{(C) }934 \qquad \text{(D) }1067 \qquad \text{(E) }1167$

Solution 1

Out of the numbers $1$ to $12$ four are divisible by $3$ and three by $4$ , counting $12$ twice. Hence $6$ out of these $12$ numbers are multiples of $3$ or $4$ .

The same is obviously true for the numbers $12k+1$ to $12k+12$ for any positive integer $k$ .

Hence out of the numbers $1$ to $60=5\cdot 12$ there are $5\cdot 6=30$ numbers that are divisible by $3$ or $4$ . Out of these $30$ , the numbers $15$ , $20$ , $30$ , $40$ , $45$ and $60$ are divisible by $5$ . Therefore in the set $\{1,\dots,60\}$ there are precisely $30-6=24$ numbers that satisfy all criteria from the problem statement.

Again, the same is obviously true for the set $\{60k+1,\dots,60k+60\}$ for any positive integer $k$ .

We have $1980/60 = 33$ , hence there are $24\cdot 33 = 792$ good numbers among the numbers $1$ to $1980$ . At this point we already know that the only answer that is still possible is $\boxed{\text{(B)}}$ , as we only have $20$ numbers left.

By examining the remaining $20$ by hand we can easily find out that exactly $9$ of them match all the criteria, giving us $792+9=\boxed{801}$ good numbers. This is correct.

Solution 2

We can solve this problem by finding the cases where the number is divisible by $3$ or $4$ , then subtract from the cases where none of those cases divide $5$ . To solve the ways the numbers divide $3$ or $4$ we find the cases where a number is divisible by $3$ and $4$ as separate cases. We apply the floor function to every case to get $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{3} \right\rfloor$ , $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{4} \right\rfloor$ , and $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{12} \right\rfloor$ . The first two floor functions were for calculating the number of individual cases for $3$ and $4$ . The third case was to find any overlapping numbers. The numbers were $667$ , $500$ , and $166$ , respectively. We add the first two terms and subtract the third to get $1001$ . The first case is finished.

The second case is more or less the same, except we are applying $3$ and $4$ to $5$ . We must find the cases where the first case over counts multiples of five. Utilizing the floor function again on the fractions $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{3*5} \right\rfloor$ , $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{4*5} \right\rfloor$ , and $\left\lfloor \frac{2001}{3*4*5} \right\rfloor$ yields the numbers $133$ , $100$ , and $33$ . The first two numbers counted all the numbers that were multiples of either four with five or three with five less than $2001$ . The third counted the overlapping cases, which we must subtract from the sum of the first two. We do this to reach $200$ . Subtracting this number from the original $1001$ numbers procures $\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 801}$ .

Solution 3

First find the number of such numbers between 1 and 2000 (inclusive) and then add one to this result because 2001 is a multiple of 3.

There are $\frac45*2000=1600$ numbers that are not multiples of $5$ . $\frac23*\frac34*1600=800$ are not multiples of $3$ or $4$ , so $800$ numbers are. $800+1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 801}$

Solution 4

Take a good-sized sample of consecutive integers; for example, the first 25 positive integers. Determine that the numbers 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 21, and 24 exhibit the properties given in the question. 25 is a divisor of 2000, so there are $\frac{9}{25}*2000=800$ numbers satisfying the given conditions between 1 and 2000. Since 2001 is a multiple of 3, add 1 to 800 to get $800+1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 801}$ .

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 There are <math>\frac45*2000=1600</math> numbers that are not multiples of <math>5</math>.  <math>\frac23*\frac34*1600=800</math> are not multiples of <math>3</math> or <math>4</math>, so <math>800</math> numbers are.  <math>800+1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 801}</math>
+===Solution 4===
+Take a good-sized sample of consecutive integers; for example, the first 25 positive integers. Determine that the numbers 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 21, and 24 exhibit the properties given in the question. 25 is a divisor of 2000, so there are <math>\frac{9}{25}*2000=800</math> numbers satisfying the given conditions between 1 and 2000. Since 2001 is a multiple of 3, add 1 to 800 to get <math>800+1=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}\ 801}</math>.
 == See Also ==

2001 AMC 12 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 11	Followed by Problem 13
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

2001 AMC 10 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 25	Followed by Last Question
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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