Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

2017 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 10

Revision as of 07:54, 5 March 2023 by Saxstreak (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution 2 (regular probability))

Problem 10

A box contains five cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Three cards are selected randomly without replacement from the box. What is the probability that 4 is the largest value selected?

$\textbf{(A) }\frac{1}{10}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{1}{5}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\frac{3}{10}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{2}{5}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{1}{2}$

Solution 1 (combinations)

There are $\binom{5}{3}$ possible groups of cards that can be selected. If $4$ is the largest card selected, then the other two cards must be either $1$, $2$, or $3$, for a total $\binom{3}{2}$ groups of cards. Then, the probability is just ${\frac{{\dbinom{3}{2}}}{{\dbinom{5}{3}}}}$ = \boxed{{\textbf{(C) }} {\frac{3}{10}}}$.

Solution 2 (regular probability)

P (no 5)= $\frac{4}{5}$ * $\frac{3}{4}$ * $\frac{2}{3}$ = $\frac{2}{5}$. This is the fraction of total cases with no fives. p (no 4 and no 5)= $\frac{3}{5}$ * $\frac{2}{4}$ * $\frac{1}{3}$ = $\frac{6}{60}$ = $\frac{1}{10}$. This is the intersection of no fours and no fives. Subtract the fraction of no fours and no fives from that of no fives. $\frac{2}{5} - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{3}{10} = \boxed{{\textbf{(C) }} {\frac{3}{10}}}$.

Solution 3 (Complementary Probability)

Using complementary counting:

$P_\textbf{4 is largest} = 1-P_\textbf{5 is largest} - P_\textbf{3 is largest} = 1- \frac{\dbinom{4}{2}}{\dbinom{5}{3}} - \frac{\dbinom{2}{2}}{\dbinom{5}{3}} = 1- \frac{6}{10} - \frac{1}{10} = \boxed{{{\textbf{(C)}\frac{3}{10}}}}$

-mathfan2020

Solution 4

Let's have three "boxes." One of the boxes must be 4, so $\frac{\binom{3}{1} \cdot 3 \cdot 2}{5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3} = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}\frac{3}{10}}$.

Video Solutions

https://youtu.be/FN9qkU62a9U

~savannahsolver

See Also:

2017 AMC 8 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 9 		Followed by
Problem 11
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AJHSME/AMC 8 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem_10&oldid=190651"