2018 AIME II Problems/Problem 8
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[hide]Problem
A frog is positioned at the origin of the coordinate plane. From the point , the frog can jump to any of the points , , , or . Find the number of distinct sequences of jumps in which the frog begins at and ends at .
Solution 1
We solve this problem by working backwards. Notice, the only points the frog can be on to jump to in one move are and . This applies to any other point, thus we can work our way from to , recording down the number of ways to get to each point recursively.
, , ,
A diagram of the numbers:
5 - 20 - 71 - 207 -
3 - 10 - 32 - 84 - 207
2 - 5 - 14 - 32 - 71
1 - 2 - 5 - 10 - 20
1 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 5
Solution 2
We'll refer to the moves , , , and as , , , and , respectively. Then the possible sequences of moves that will take the frog from to are all the permutations of , , , , , , , , and . We can reduce the number of cases using symmetry.
Case 1:
There are possibilities for this case.
Case 2: or
There are possibilities for this case.
Case 3:
There are possibilities for this case.
Case 4: or
There are possibilities for this case.
Case 5: or
There are possibilities for this case.
Case 6:
There are possibilities for this case.
Adding up all these cases gives us ways.
Solution 3 (General Case)
Mark the total number of distinct sequences of jumps for the frog to reach the point as . Consider for each point in the first quadrant, there are only possible points in the first quadrant for frog to reach point , and these points are . As a result, the way to count is
Also, for special cases,
Start with , use this method and draw the figure below, we can finally get (In order to make the LaTeX thing more beautiful to look at, I put to make every number a -digits number)
So the total number of distinct sequences of jumps for the frog to reach is .
~Solution by (Frank FYC)
Solution 4 (Casework)
Casework Solution: x-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) ways total x-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) y-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) ways total x-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) ways total x-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) y-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) ways total x-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) ways total x-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 1-1-1-1 (1 way to order) ways total x-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) y-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) ways total x-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 1-1-2 (3 ways to order) ways total x-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) y-distribution: 2-2 (1 way to order) ways total -fidgetboss_4000
Video Solution
On The Spot STEM : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2fo3CaAhmM
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