2020 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 23
- The following problem is from both the 2020 AMC 10B #23 and 2020 AMC 12B #19, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
Square in the coordinate plane has vertices at the points
and
Consider the following four transformations:
a rotation of
counterclockwise around the origin;
a rotation of
clockwise around the origin;
a reflection across the
-axis; and
a reflection across the
-axis.
Each of these transformations maps the squares onto itself, but the positions of the labeled vertices will change. For example, applying and then
would send the vertex
at
to
and would send the vertex
at
to itself. How many sequences of
transformations chosen from
will send all of the labeled vertices back to their original positions? (For example,
is one sequence of
transformations that will send the vertices back to their original positions.)
Solution 1
Let (+) denote counterclockwise/starting orientation and (-) denote clockwise orientation. Let 1,2,3, and 4 denote which quadrant A is in.
Realize that from any odd quadrant and any orientation, the 4 transformations result in some permutation of .
The same goes that from any even quadrant and any orientation, the 4 transformations result in some permutation of .
We start our first 19 moves by doing whatever we want, 4 choices each time. Since 19 is odd, we must end up on an even quadrant.
As said above, we know that exactly one of the four transformations will give us , and we must use that transformation.
Thus
Solution 2
Hopefully, someone will think of a better one, but here is an indirect answer, use only if you are really desperate.
moves can be made, and each move have
choices, so a total of
moves. First, after the
moves, Point A can only be in first quadrant
or third quadrant
. Only the one in the first quadrant works, so divide by
. Now, C must be in the opposite quadrant as A. B can be either in the second (
) or fourth quadrant (
) , but we want it to be in the second quadrant, so divide by
again. Now as A and B satisfy the conditions, C and D will also be at their original spot.
. The answer is
~Kinglogic
Solution 3
The total number of sequence is .
Note that there can only be even number of reflections since they result in the same anti-clockwise orientation of the verices . Therefore, the probability of having the same anti-clockwise orientation with the original arrangement after the transformation is
.
Next, even number of reflections mean that there must be even number of rotations since their sum is even. Even rotations result only in the original position or rotation of it.
Since rotation and rotation
cancels each other out, the difference between the numbers of them define the final position. The probability of the transformation returning the vertices to the orginal position given that there are even number of rotations is equivalent to the probability that
![$|n(R)-n(L)|\equiv0\pmod{4}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/0/3/7/037daf4bc2475b44ea893ba802172a764f9c4973.png)
![$|n(H)-n(V)|\equiv0\pmod{4}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/e/6/4/e647378b853d03a8728f88d385827b467c540a1d.png)
![$|n(R)-n(L)|\equiv2\pmod{4}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/5/e/f/5efc205ae74ac19a12cb2b5f8643e09dfd6e371e.png)
![$|n(H)-n(V)|\equiv2\pmod{4}$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/3/b/2/3b23eda61df1960493754f47b25125417903fec9.png)
which is again, .
Therefore,
~joshuamh111
Solution 4
Notice that any pair of two of these transformations either swaps the x and y-coordinates, negates the x and y-coordinates, swaps and negates the x and y-coordinates, or leaves the original unchanged. Furthermore, notice that for each of these results, if we apply another pair of transformations, one of these results will happen again, and with equal probability. Therefore, no matter what state after we apply the first pairs of transformations, there is a
chance the last pair of transformations will return the figure to its original position. Therefore, the answer is
Video Solutions
Video Solution 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZs9DHg6cx0 ~ MathEx
Video Solution 2 by the Beauty Of Math
https://youtu.be/Bl2kn9oVxQ8?t=348
~icematrix
Video Solution 2 by the Beauty Of Math
https://youtu.be/Bl2kn9oVxQ8?t=348
~icematrix
See Also
2020 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 22 |
Followed by Problem 24 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2020 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 18 |
Followed by Problem 20 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
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