2021 AIME II Problems/Problem 12
Contents
Problem
A convex quadrilateral has area and side lengths and in that order. Denote by the measure of the acute angle formed by the diagonals of the quadrilateral. Then can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Diagram
~MRENTHUSIASM (by Geometry Expressions)
Solution 1 (Sines and Cosines)
Solution 1.1 (Version 1)
We denote by , , and four vertices of this quadrilateral, such that , , , . We denote by the point that two diagonals and meet at. To simplify the notation, we denote , , , .
We denote . Hence, and .
First, we use the triangle area formula with sines to write down an equation of the area of the quadrilateral .
We have where the second equality follows from the formula to use the sine function to compute a triangle area, the the fourth equality follows from the property that .
Because , we have Second, we use the law of cosines to establish four equations for four sides of the quadrilateral .
In , following from the law of cosines, we have Because and , we have In , following from the law of cosines, we have Because and , we have In , following from the law of cosines, we have Because and , we have In , following from the law of cosines, we have Because and , we have By taking , we get By taking , we get Therefore, by writing this answer in the form of , we have and .
Therefore, the answer to this question is .
~ Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)
Solution 1.2 (Version 2)
Since we are asked to find , we can find and separately and use their values to get . We can start by drawing a diagram. Let the vertices of the quadrilateral be , , , and . Let , , , and . Let , , , and . We know that is the acute angle formed between the intersection of the diagonals and . We are given that the area of quadrilateral is . We can express this area using the areas of triangles , , , and . Since we want to find and , we can represent these areas using as follows: We know that . Therefore it follows that: From here we see that . Now we need to find . Using the Law of Cosines on each of the four smaller triangles, we get following equations: We know that . We can substitute this value into our equations to get: If we subtract the sum of the first and third equation from the sum of the second and fourth equation, the squared terms cancel, leaving us with: From here we see that .
Since we have figured out and , we can calculate : Therefore our answer is .
~ my_aops_lessons
Solution 2 (Right Triangles)
This solution refers to the Diagram section.
In convex quadrilateral let and Let and be the feet of the perpendiculars from and respectively, to We obtain the following diagram:
Let and We apply the Pythagorean Theorem to right triangles and respectively: Let the brackets denote areas. We get We subtract from From right triangles and we have It follows that Finally, we divide by from which the answer is
~MRENTHUSIASM
Solution 3
Let , , , be the vertices of the quadrilateral, and , , , be the lengths of the sides of . By Bretschneider's formula, . Thus, . Also, ; solving for yields . Since is acute, is positive, so . Solving for yields , for a final answer of . \par ~ Leo.Euler
Video Solution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DxIdTLNbo0
See Also
2021 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
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