2007 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 22

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The following problem is from both the 2007 AMC 12A #22 and 2007 AMC 10A #25, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

For each positive integer $n$, let $S(n)$ denote the sum of the digits of $n.$ For how many values of $n$ is $n + S(n) + S(S(n)) = 2007?$

$\mathrm{(A)}\ 1 \qquad \mathrm{(B)}\ 2 \qquad \mathrm{(C)}\ 3 \qquad \mathrm{(D)}\ 4 \qquad \mathrm{(E)}\ 5$

Solution

Solution 1

For the sake of notation let $T(n) = n + S(n) + S(S(n))$. Obviously $n<2007$. Then the maximum value of $S(n) + S(S(n))$ is when $n = 1999$, and the sum becomes $28 + 10 = 38$. So the minimum bound is $1969$. We do casework upon the tens digit:

Case 1: $196u \Longrightarrow u = 9$. Easy to directly disprove.

Case 2: $197u$. $S(n) = 1 + 9 + 7 + u = 17 + u$, and $S(S(n)) = 8+u$ if $u \le 2$ and $S(S(n)) = 2 + (u-3) = u-1$ otherwise.

Subcase a: $T(n) = 1970 + u + 17 + u + 8 + u = 1995 + 3u = 2007 \Longrightarrow u = 4$. This exceeds our bounds, so no solution here.
Subcase b: $T(n) = 1970 + u + 17 + u + u - 1 = 1986 + 3u = 2007 \Longrightarrow u = 7$. First solution.

Case 3: $198u$. $S(n) = 18 + u$, and $S(S(n)) = 9 + u$ if $u \le 1$ and $2 + (u-2) = u$ otherwise.

Subcase a: $T(n) = 1980 + u + 18 + u + 9 + u = 2007 + 3u = 2007 \Longrightarrow u = 0$. Second solution.
Subcase b: $T(n) = 1980 + u + 18 + u + u = 1998 + 3u = 2007 \Longrightarrow u = 3$. Third solution.

Case 4: $199u$. But $S(n) > 19$, and $n + S(n)$ clearly sum to $> 2007$.

Case 5: $200u$. So $S(n) = 2 + u$ and $S(S(n)) = 2 + u$ (recall that $n < 2007$), and $2000 + u + 2 + u + 2 + u = 2004 + 3u = 2007 \Longrightarrow u = 1$. Fourth solution.

In total we have $4 \mathrm{(D)}$ solutions, which are $1977, 1980, 1983,$ and $2001$.

Solution 2

Clearly, $n > 1950$. We can break this into three cases:

Case 1: $n \geq 2000$

Inspection gives $n = 2001$.

Case 2: $n < 2000$, $n = 19xy$ (not to be confused with $19*x*y$), $x + y < 10$

If you set up an equation, it reduces to

$4x + y = 32$

which has as its only solution satisfying the constraints $x = 8$, $y = 0$.

Case 3: $n < 2000$, $n = 19xy$, $x + y \geq 10$

This reduces to
$4x + y = 35$. The only two solutions satisfying the constraints for this equation are $x = 7$, $y = 7$ and $x = 8$, $y = 3$.

The solutions are thus $1977, 1980, 1983, 2001$ and the answer is $\mathrm{(D)}\  4$.

Solution 3

As in Solution 1, we note that $S(n)\leq 28$ and $S(S(n))\leq 10$.
Obviously, $n\equiv S(n)\equiv S(S(n)) \pmod 9$.
As $2007\equiv 0 \pmod 9$, this means that $n\bmod 9 \in\{0,3,6\}$, or equivalently that $n\equiv S(n)\equiv S(S(n))\equiv 0 \pmod 3$.

Thus $S(S(n))\in\{3,6,9\}$. For each possible $S(S(n))$ we get three possible $S(n)$.
(E. g., if $S(S(n))=6$, then $S(n)=x$ is a number such that $x\leq 28$ and $S(x)=6$, therefore $S(n)\in\{6,15,24\}$.)

For each of these nine possibilities we compute $n_{?}$ as $2007-S(n)-S(S(n))$ and check whether $S(n_{?})=S(n)$.
We'll find out that out of the 9 cases, in 4 the value $n_{?}$ has the correct sum of digits.
This happens for $n_{?}\in \{ 1977, 1980, 1983, 2001 \}$.

Solution 4

  • This solution is not a good solution, but is viable for in contest situations*

Clearly $n\equiv S(n) \pmod 9$. Thus, \[n+S(n)+S(S(n))\equiv 0 \pmod 9 \implies n\equiv 0\pmod 3.\] Now we need a bound for $n$. It is clear that the maximum for $S(n)=36$ (from $n=9999$) which means the maximum for $S(n)+S(S(n))$ is $45$. This means that $n\geq 1962$.

  • Warning: This is where you will cringe*

Now check all multiples of $3$ from $1962$ to $2007$ and we find that only $n=1977, 1980, 1983, 2001$ work, so our answer is $\mathrm{(D)}\  4$.

Remark: this may seem time consuming, but in reality, calculating $n+S(n)+S(S(n))$ for $16$ values is actually very quick, and this solution would take up around 3-5 minutes in contest, which isn't bad for a problem 22.

See also

2007 AMC 12A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 21
Followed by
Problem 23
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions
2007 AMC 10A (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 24
Followed by
Last question
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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