Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2018 AIME II Problems/Problem 12"

(→‎Solution 1: Beautify the 1st solution)
(→‎Solution 4)
Line 45: Line 45:
 
As in all other solutions, we can first find that either <math>AP=CP</math> or <math>BP=DP</math>, but it's an AIME problem, we can take <math>AP=CP</math>, and assume the other choice will lead to the same result (which is true).  
 
As in all other solutions, we can first find that either <math>AP=CP</math> or <math>BP=DP</math>, but it's an AIME problem, we can take <math>AP=CP</math>, and assume the other choice will lead to the same result (which is true).  
  
−
From <math>AP=CP</math>, we have <math>[DAP]=[DCP]</math>, <math>[BAP]=[BCP]</math> => <math>[ABD] = [CBD]</math>, therefore,
+
From <math>AP=CP</math>, we have <math>[DAP]=[DCP]</math>, and <math>[BAP]=[BCP] \implies [ABD] = [CBD]</math>, therefore,
−
<cmath>1/2AB*AD\sin A = 1/2BC*CD\sin C => 7\sin C = \sqrt{65}\sin A ... (1)</cmath>
+
<cmath>\begin{align}
−
By Law of Cosine,
+
\nonumber \frac 12 \cdot AB\cdot AD\sin A &= \frac 12 \cdot BC\cdot CD\sin C \\
−
<cmath>10^2+14^2-2*10*14\cos C=10^2+4*65-2*10*2\sqrt{65}\cos A</cmath>
+
\Longrightarrow \hspace{1in} 7\sin C &= \sqrt{65}\sin A  
−
<cmath>(-8/5)-7\cos C = \sqrt{65}\cos A   ...(2) </cmath>
+
\end{align}</cmath>
−
Square (1) and (2), add them, we get
+
By Law of Cosines,
−
<cmath>(8/5)^2 +2(8/5)7\cos C + 7^2 = 65 </cmath>
+
<cmath>\begin{align}
−
Solve, <math>\cos C = 3/5</math> => <math>\sin C = 4/5</math>,
+
\nonumber 10^2+14^2-2\cdot 10\cdot 14\cos C &= 10^2+4\cdot 65-2\cdot 10\cdot 2\sqrt{65}\cos A \\
−
<cmath>[ABCD] = 2[BCD] = BC*CD*\sin C = 14*10*(4/5) = \boxed{112}</cmath>
+
\Longrightarrow \hspace{1in} -\frac 85 - 7\cos C &= \sqrt{65}\cos A \tag{2}
 +
\end{align}</cmath>
 +
Square <math>(1)</math> and <math>(2)</math>, and add them, to get
 +
<cmath>\left(\frac 85\right)^2 + 2\cdot \frac 85 \cdot 7\cos C + 7^2 = 65 </cmath>
 +
Solve, <math>\cos C = 3/5 \implies \sin C = 4/5</math>,
 +
<cmath>[ABCD] = 2[BCD] = BC\cdot CD\cdot \sin C = 14\cdot 10\cdot \frac 45 = \boxed{112}</cmath>
 
-Mathdummy
 
-Mathdummy
  

Revision as of 14:15, 29 November 2021

Problem

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral with $AB = CD = 10$, $BC = 14$, and $AD = 2\sqrt{65}$. Assume that the diagonals of $ABCD$ intersect at point $P$, and that the sum of the areas of triangles $APB$ and $CPD$ equals the sum of the areas of triangles $BPC$ and $APD$. Find the area of quadrilateral $ABCD$.

Solution 1

For reference, $2\sqrt{65} \approx 16$, so $\overline{AD}$ is the longest of the four sides of $ABCD$. Let $h_1$ be the length of the altitude from $B$ to $\overline{AC}$, and let $h_2$ be the length of the altitude from $D$ to $\overline{AC}$. Then, the triangle area equation becomes

\[\frac{h_1}{2}AP + \frac{h_2}{2}CP = \frac{h_1}{2}CP + \frac{h_2}{2}AP \rightarrow \left(h_1 - h_2\right)AP = \left(h_1 - h_2\right)CP \rightarrow AP = CP\]

What an important finding! Note that the opposite sides $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{CD}$ have equal length, and note that diagonal $\overline{DB}$ bisects diagonal $\overline{AC}$. This is very similar to what happens if $ABCD$ were a parallelogram with $AB = CD = 10$, so let's extend $\overline{DB}$ to point $E$, such that $AECD$ is a parallelogram. In other words, \[AE = CD = 10\] and \[EC = DA = 2\sqrt{65}\] Now, let's examine $\triangle ABE$. Since $AB = AE = 10$, the triangle is isosceles, and $\angle ABE \cong \angle AEB$. Note that in parallelogram $AECD$, $\angle AED$ and $\angle CDE$ are congruent, so $\angle ABE \cong \angle CDE$ and thus \[\text{m}\angle ABD = 180^\circ - \text{m}\angle CDB\] Define $\alpha := \text{m}\angle CDB$, so $180^\circ - \alpha = \text{m}\angle ABD$.

We use the Law of Cosines on $\triangle DAB$ and $\triangle CDB$:

\[\left(2\sqrt{65}\right)^2 = 10^2 + BD^2 - 20BD\cos\left(180^\circ - \alpha\right) = 100 + BD^2 + 20BD\cos\alpha\]

\[14^2 = 10^2 + BD^2 - 20BD\cos\alpha\]

Subtracting the second equation from the first yields

\[260 - 196 = 40BD\cos\alpha \rightarrow BD\cos\alpha = \frac{8}{5}\]

This means that dropping an altitude from $B$ to some foot $Q$ on $\overline{CD}$ gives $DQ = \frac{8}{5}$ and therefore $CQ = \frac{42}{5}$. Seeing that $CQ = \frac{3}{5}\cdot BC$, we conclude that $\triangle QCB$ is a 3-4-5 right triangle, so $BQ = \frac{56}{5}$. Then, the area of $\triangle BCD$ is $\frac{1}{2}\cdot 10 \cdot \frac{56}{5} = 56$. Since $AP = CP$, points $A$ and $C$ are equidistant from $\overline{BD}$, so \[\left[\triangle ABD\right] = \left[\triangle CBD\right] = 56\] and hence \[\left[ABCD\right] = 56 + 56 = \boxed{112}\] -kgator


Just to be complete -- $h1$ and $h2$ can actually be equal. In this case, $AP \neq CP$, but $BP$ must be equal to $DP$. We get the same result. -Mathdummy.

Solution 2 (Another way to get the middle point)

So, let the area of $4$ triangles $\triangle {ABP}=S_{1}$, $\triangle {BCP}=S_{2}$, $\triangle {CDP}=S_{3}$, $\triangle {DAP}=S_{4}$. Suppose $S_{1}>S_{3}$ and $S_{2}>S_{4}$, then it is easy to show that \[S_{1}\cdot S_{3}=S_{2}\cdot S_{4}.\] Also, because \[S_{1}+S_{3}=S_{2}+S_{4},\] we will have \[(S_{1}+S_{3})^2=(S_{2}+S_{4})^2.\] So \[(S_{1}+S_{3})^2=S_{1}^2+S_{3}^2+2\cdot S_{1}\cdot S_{3}=(S_{2}+S_{4})^2=S_{2}^2+S_{4}^2+2\cdot S_{2}\cdot S_{4}.\] So \[S_{1}^2+S_{3}^2=S_{2}^2+S_{4}^2.\] So \[S_{1}^2+S_{3}^2-2\cdot S_{1}\cdot S_{3}=S_{2}^2+S_{4}^2-2\cdot S_{2}\cdot S_{4}.\] So \[(S_{1}-S_{3})^2=(S_{2}-S_{4})^2.\] As a result, \[S_{1}-S_{3}=S_{2}-S_{4}.\] Then, we have \[S_{1}+S_{4}=S_{2}+S_{3}.\] Combine the condition \[S_{1}+S_{3}=S_{2}+S_{4},\] we can find out that \[S_{3}=S_{4},\] so $P$ is the midpoint of $\overline {AC}$

~Solution by $BladeRunnerAUG$ (Frank FYC)

Solution 3 (With yet another way to get the middle point)

Using the formula for the area of a triangle, \[(\frac{1}{2}AP\cdot BP+\frac{1}{2}CP\cdot DP)\sin{APB}=(\frac{1}{2}AP\cdot DP+\frac{1}{2}CP\cdot BP)\sin{APD}\] But $\sin{APB}=\sin{APD}$, so \[(AP-CP)(BP-DP)=0\] Hence $AP=CP$ (note that $BP=DP$ makes no difference here). Now, assume that $AP=CP=x$,$BP=y$, and $DP=z$. Using the cosine rule for triangles $APB$ and $BPC$, it is clear that

$x^2+y^2-100=2 \cdot x \cdot y \cdot \cos{APB}=-(2 \cdot x \cdot y \cdot \cos{(\pi-CPB)})=-(x^2+y^2-196)$, or \[x^2+y^2=148...(1)\] Likewise, using the cosine rule for triangles $APD$ and $CPD$, \[x^2+z^2=180...(2)\]. It follows that \[z^2-y^2=32...(3)\]. Now, denote angle $APB$ by $\alpha$. Since $\sin\alpha=\sqrt{1-\cos^2\alpha}$, \[\sqrt{1-\frac{(x^2+y^2-100)^2}{4x^2y^2}}=\sqrt{1-\frac{(x^2+z^2-260)^2}{4x^2z^2}}\] which simplifies to \[\frac{48^2}{y^2}=\frac{80^2}{z^2}\], giving \[5y=3z\]. Plugging this back to equations (1), (2), and (3), it can be solved that $x=\sqrt{130},y=3\sqrt{2},z=5\sqrt{2}$. Then, the area of the quadrilateral is \[x(y+z)\sin\alpha=\sqrt{130}\cdot8\sqrt{2}\cdot\frac{14}{\sqrt{260}}=\boxed{112}\] --Solution by MicGu

Solution 4

As in all other solutions, we can first find that either $AP=CP$ or $BP=DP$, but it's an AIME problem, we can take $AP=CP$, and assume the other choice will lead to the same result (which is true).

From $AP=CP$, we have $[DAP]=[DCP]$, and $[BAP]=[BCP] \implies [ABD] = [CBD]$, therefore, \begin{align} \nonumber \frac 12 \cdot AB\cdot AD\sin A &= \frac 12 \cdot BC\cdot CD\sin C \\ \Longrightarrow \hspace{1in} 7\sin C &= \sqrt{65}\sin A \end{align} By Law of Cosines, \begin{align} \nonumber 10^2+14^2-2\cdot 10\cdot 14\cos C &= 10^2+4\cdot 65-2\cdot 10\cdot 2\sqrt{65}\cos A \\ \Longrightarrow \hspace{1in} -\frac 85 - 7\cos C &= \sqrt{65}\cos A \tag{2} \end{align} Square $(1)$ and $(2)$, and add them, to get \[\left(\frac 85\right)^2 + 2\cdot \frac 85 \cdot 7\cos C + 7^2 = 65\] Solve, $\cos C = 3/5 \implies \sin C = 4/5$, \[[ABCD] = 2[BCD] = BC\cdot CD\cdot \sin C = 14\cdot 10\cdot \frac 45 = \boxed{112}\] -Mathdummy

See Also

2018 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 11 		Followed by
Problem 13
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2018_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_12&oldid=167014"