Yay I'm too stupid to do trig
by math154, Jul 22, 2010, 5:28 PM
(USAMO 2001.3). Let
, and
be nonnegative real numbers such that
Prove that
![\[0\le ab+bc+ca-abc\le2.\]](//latex.artofproblemsolving.com/4/d/5/4d538e34ab6adb4569e728f4f6f2c2bf83ad63e9.png)
Solution


![\[a^2+b^2+c^2+abc=4.\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/3/d/8/3d8117461e9945a35bcf9bd8fcc0243cdd2b4e6a.png)
![\[0\le ab+bc+ca-abc\le2.\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/4/d/5/4d538e34ab6adb4569e728f4f6f2c2bf83ad63e9.png)
Solution
First let
,
,
, where
are the angles of the acute triangle with sides
,
,
. We need to show
However, by the acute condition we have
which is equivalent to the desired inequality. Yay I finally managed to SOS something but I'm pretty sure what I did is equivalent to pure trig. 
Edit: Haha, I forgot to do the LHS. In the spirit of overkill, it's equivalent to
which becomes, after expanding,
But







\[\begin{align*} 3 &\ge \sum(\cos{B}+\cos{C})^2\\ &= \sum\left(\frac{(x+y)^2+(y+z)^2-(z+x)^2}{2(x+y)(y+z)}+\frac{(y+z)^2+(z+x)^2-(x+y)^2}{2(y+z)(z+x)}\right)^2\\ &= \sum\left(1+\frac{(x-z)^2-(z+x)^2}{2(x+y)(y+z)}+1+\frac{(y-x)^2-(x+y)^2}{2(y+z)(z+x)}\right)^2\\ &= 4\sum\left(1-\frac{x}{y+z}\left(\frac{z}{x+y}+\frac{y}{z+x}\right)\right)^2\\ &= 4\sum\left(1-\frac{xy(x+y)+xz(x+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}\right)^2\\ &= 4\sum\left(\frac{2xyz+yz(y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}\right)^2 \end{align*},\]or after expanding,
![\[6xyz\sum{x^3} + 2xyz\sum{yz(y+z)} \ge 18x^2y^2z^2 + \sum{y^2z^2(y^2+z^2)} + 2\sum{y^3z^3}.\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/a/d/dad205682f96c7b793a10f12dc39cdda8bc520f0.png)
![\[\sum (y-z)^2[(y+x)^2+(y+z)^2-(x+z)^2][(z+x)^2+(z+y)^2-(x+y)^2]\ge0,\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/2/0/b/20b8f9cd5e466ad964655aeea2243dfe13a43c6f.png)

Edit: Haha, I forgot to do the LHS. In the spirit of overkill, it's equivalent to
![\[2\sum{y^2z^2(2x+y+z)^2} \ge (x+y)^2(y+z)^2(z+x)^2,\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/f/9/8/f98240278deeda4d2ba0ede8de89932cb5dbaf2d.png)
![\[14x^2y^2z^2+2xyz\sum{yz(y+z)}+\sum{y^2z^2(y+z)^2}\ge2xyz\sum{x^3}.\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/b/4/e/b4eca3765e5f82fff182a9da8b76d75e5746ec79.png)
\[\begin{align*} \sum{y^2z^2(y+z)^2}-2xyz\sum{x^3} &\ge \sum{y^2z^2(y^2+z^2)}-2xyz\sum{x^3}\\ &= \sum{x^4(y^2+z^2)}-\sum{2x^4yz}\ge0 \end{align*}\]by AM-GM.
This post has been edited 5 times. Last edited by math154, Aug 5, 2010, 8:47 PM