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jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Problem 6
blug   1
N an hour ago by atdaotlohbh
Source: Polish Math Olympiad 2025 Finals P6
A strictly decreasing function $f:(0, \infty)\Rightarrow (0, \infty)$ attaining all positive values and positive numbers $a_1\ne b_1$ are given. Numbers $a_2, b_2, a_3, b_3, ...$ satisfy
$$a_{n+1}=a_n+f(b_n),\;\;\;\;\;\;\;b_{n+1}=b_n+f(a_n)$$for every $n\geq 1$. Prove that there exists a positive integer $n$ satisfying $|a_n-b_n| >2025$.
1 reply
blug
Yesterday at 12:17 PM
atdaotlohbh
an hour ago
Regarding Maaths olympiad prepration
omega2007   13
N 2 hours ago by omega2007
<Hey Everyone'>
I'm 10 grader student and Im starting prepration for maths olympiad..>>> From scratch (not 2+2=4 )

Do you haves compiled resources of Handouts,
PDF,
Links,
List of books topic wise

which are shared on AOPS (and from your perspective) for maths olympiad and any useful thing, which will help me in boosting Maths olympiad prepration.
13 replies
omega2007
Yesterday at 3:13 PM
omega2007
2 hours ago
square root problem that involves geometry
kjhgyuio   5
N 2 hours ago by kjhgyuio
If x is a nonnegative real number , find the minimum value of √x^2+4 + √x^2 -24x +153

5 replies
kjhgyuio
Today at 3:56 AM
kjhgyuio
2 hours ago
PoP+Parallel
Solilin   3
N 2 hours ago by ND_
Source: Titu Andreescu, Lemmas in Olympiad Geometry
Let ABC be a triangle and let D, E, F be the feet of the altitudes, with D on BC, E on CA, and F on AB. Let the parallel through D to EF meet AB at X and AC at Y. Let T be the intersection of EF with BC and let M be the midpoint of side BC. Prove that the points T, M, X, Y are concyclic.
3 replies
Solilin
5 hours ago
ND_
2 hours ago
Distance vs time swimming problem
smalkaram_3549   0
Today at 2:57 AM
How should I approach a problem where we deal with velocities becoming negative and stuff. I know that they both travel 3 Lengths of the pool before meeting a second time.
0 replies
smalkaram_3549
Today at 2:57 AM
0 replies
Regarding IMO prepartion
omega2007   1
N Today at 2:49 AM by omega2007
<Hey Everyone'>
I'm 10 grader student and Im starting prepration for maths olympiad..>>> From scratch (not 2+2=4 )

Do you haves compilled resources of Handouts,
PDF,
Links,
List of books topic wise

which are shared on AOPS (and from your prespective) for maths olympiad and any useful thing, which will help me in boosting Maths olympiad prepration.
1 reply
omega2007
Yesterday at 3:14 PM
omega2007
Today at 2:49 AM
School Math Problem
math_cool123   6
N Today at 2:37 AM by anduran
Find all ordered pairs of nonzero integers $(a, b)$ that satisfy $$(a^2+b)(a+b^2)=(a-b)^3.$$
6 replies
math_cool123
Apr 2, 2025
anduran
Today at 2:37 AM
New geometry problem
titaniumfalcon   3
N Yesterday at 11:16 PM by mathprodigy2011
Post any solutions you have, with explanation or proof if possible, good luck!
3 replies
titaniumfalcon
Thursday at 10:40 PM
mathprodigy2011
Yesterday at 11:16 PM
Geo Mock #10
Bluesoul   2
N Yesterday at 8:26 PM by Bluesoul
Consider acute $\triangle{ABC}$ with $AB=10$, $AC<BC$ and area $135$. The circle $\omega$ with diameter $AB$ meets $BC$ at $E$. Let the orthocenter of the triangle be $H$, connect $CH$ and extend to meet $\omega$ at $N$ such that $NC>HC$ and $NE$ is the diameter of $\omega$. Draw the circumcircle $\Gamma$ of $\triangle{AHB}$, chord $XY$ of $\Gamma$ is tangent to $\omega$ and it passes through $N$, compute $XY$.
2 replies
Bluesoul
Apr 1, 2025
Bluesoul
Yesterday at 8:26 PM
Inequalities
sqing   4
N Yesterday at 3:28 PM by sqing
Let $ a, b,c\geq 0 $ and $ 2a+3b+ 4c=11.$ Prove that
$$a+ab+abc\leq\frac{49}{6}$$Let $ a, b,c\geq 0 $ and $ 2a+3b+ 4c=10.$ Prove that
$$a+ab+abc\leq\frac{169}{24}$$Let $ a, b,c\geq 0 $ and $ 2a+3b+ 4c=14.$ Prove that
$$a+ab+abc\leq\frac{63+5\sqrt 5}{6}$$Let $ a, b,c\geq 0 $ and $ 2a+3b+ 4c=32.$ Prove that
$$a+ab+abc\leq48+\frac{64\sqrt{2}}{3}$$
4 replies
sqing
Apr 1, 2025
sqing
Yesterday at 3:28 PM
Geo Mock #9
Bluesoul   1
N Yesterday at 3:19 PM by vanstraelen
Consider $\triangle{ABC}$ with $AB=12, AC=22$. The points $D,E$ lie on $AB,AC$ respectively, such that $\frac{AD}{BD}=\frac{AE}{CE}=3$. Extend $CD,BE$ to meet the circumcircle of $\triangle{ABC}$ at $P,Q$ respectively. Let the circumcircles of $\triangle{ADP}, \triangle{AEQ}$ meet at points $A,T$. Extend $AT$ to $BC$ at $R$, given $AR=16$, find $[ABC]$.
1 reply
Bluesoul
Apr 1, 2025
vanstraelen
Yesterday at 3:19 PM
Geo Mock #6
Bluesoul   1
N Yesterday at 1:59 PM by vanstraelen
Consider triangle $ABC$ with $AB=5, BC=8, AC=7$, denote the incenter of the triangle as $I$. Extend $BI$ to meet the circumcircle of $\triangle{AIC}$ at $Q\neq I$, find the length of $QC$.
1 reply
Bluesoul
Apr 1, 2025
vanstraelen
Yesterday at 1:59 PM
Congruence
Ecrin_eren   1
N Yesterday at 1:39 PM by Ecrin_eren
Find the number of integer pairs (x, y) satisfying the congruence equation:

3y² + 3x²y + y³ ≡ 3x² (mod 41)

for 0 ≤ x, y < 41.

1 reply
Ecrin_eren
Apr 3, 2025
Ecrin_eren
Yesterday at 1:39 PM
Probability
Ecrin_eren   1
N Yesterday at 1:38 PM by Ecrin_eren
In a board, James randomly writes A , B or C in each cell. What is the probability that, for every row and every column, the number of A 's modulo 3 is equal to the number of B's modulo 3?

1 reply
Ecrin_eren
Thursday at 11:21 AM
Ecrin_eren
Yesterday at 1:38 PM
A lies on the radical axis of BQX and CPX
a_507_bc   35
N Apr 2, 2025 by jordiejoh
Source: APMO 2024 P1
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Let $D$ be a point on side $AB$ and $E$ be a point on side $AC$ such that lines $BC$ and $DE$ are parallel. Let $X$ be an interior point of $BCED$. Suppose rays $DX$ and $EX$ meet side $BC$ at points $P$ and $Q$, respectively, such that both $P$ and $Q$ lie between $B$ and $C$. Suppose that the circumcircles of triangles $BQX$ and $CPX$ intersect at a point $Y \neq X$. Prove that the points $A, X$, and $Y$ are collinear.
35 replies
a_507_bc
Jul 29, 2024
jordiejoh
Apr 2, 2025
A lies on the radical axis of BQX and CPX
G H J
Source: APMO 2024 P1
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a_507_bc
676 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by Rounak_iitr, erringbubble, omgggg, ItsBesi
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Let $D$ be a point on side $AB$ and $E$ be a point on side $AC$ such that lines $BC$ and $DE$ are parallel. Let $X$ be an interior point of $BCED$. Suppose rays $DX$ and $EX$ meet side $BC$ at points $P$ and $Q$, respectively, such that both $P$ and $Q$ lie between $B$ and $C$. Suppose that the circumcircles of triangles $BQX$ and $CPX$ intersect at a point $Y \neq X$. Prove that the points $A, X$, and $Y$ are collinear.
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bin_sherlo
672 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by sami1618, ehuseyinyigit
Let $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ intersect $AB,AC$ at $K,L$ respectively. Since $\angle KXE=\angle B=\angle KDE$ and $\angle DXL=\angle C=\angle DEL,$ we get $D,E,X,K,L$ are cyclic. Hence $AK.AB=AL.AC$ which gives that $A$ lies on the radical axis of $(BQXK),(CPXL)$ as desired.$\blacksquare$
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sami1618
881 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by MS_asdfgzxcvb
Let $AB$ and $AC$ meet $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ again at $F$ and $G$.

Claim: $XDEFG$ is cyclic
We show that $F\in (XDE)$, $$\measuredangle DFX=\measuredangle BQX=\measuredangle DEX$$
By Reim's Theorem $BCFG$ is cyclic, so we are done by applying the Radical Axes Theorem on $(BCFG)$, $(BQXF)$, and $(CPXG)$.
Attachments:
This post has been edited 6 times. Last edited by sami1618, Jul 30, 2024, 3:24 AM
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Rijul saini
904 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by sami1618, SatisfiedMagma
India 1995.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Rijul saini, Jul 29, 2024, 8:41 PM
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Z4ADies
62 posts
#5
Y by
Let $(BXC) \cap AB,AC$ at $Q',P'$.By it is known that, $BQ'P'C$ is cyclic.So,$\angle DEQ=180-\angle DQ'X=\angle PQE$ $\implies$ $BQ'XQ$ is cyclic and with the same way we can found $CP'XP$ is cyclic.Thus, radical axises of $(BQX),(CPX)$,and $BQ'P'C$ are concurrent.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Z4ADies, Sep 29, 2024, 3:48 PM
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AshAuktober
962 posts
#6
Y by
When you do a four page coordinate bash :_(
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MELSSATIMOV40
29 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Rounak_iitr, ehuseyinyigit
#attachments
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MELSSATIMOV40
29 posts
#8
Y by
#attachments
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crazyeyemoody907
450 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by anirbanbz
Let $K=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$. Then it suffices to show $KB\cdot KQ=KC\cdot KP$ which may be obtained by applying DDIT to $X$ and $BCED$, then projecting the resulting involution onto $\overline{BC}$ as $(\infty_{BC}K;BQ;CP)$.
trivia
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by crazyeyemoody907, Jul 30, 2024, 6:11 AM
Reason: clarify
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khanhnx
1618 posts
#10
Y by
Suppose that $AX$ intersects $BC, DE$ at $Z, T$ then $\dfrac{\overline{ZP}}{\overline{ZQ}} = \dfrac{\overline{TD}}{\overline{TE}} = \dfrac{\overline{ZB}}{\overline{ZC}}$. So $\overline{ZP} \cdot \overline{ZC} = \overline{ZQ} \cdot \overline{ZB}$ or $Z$ lies on radical axis of $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$. Hence $Z \in XY$ or $A \in XY$
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Rogestive8828
35 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by CrazyInMath
crazyeyemoody907 wrote:
Let $K=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$. Then it suffices to show $KB\cdot KQ=KC\cdot KP$ which may be obtained by applying DDIT to $X$ and $BCED$, then projecting the resulting involution onto $\overline{BC}$ as $(\infty_{BC}K;BQ;CP)$.
trivia

Your solution is similar to me.(P.S. I AM WEAK)
I didn't bring my cellphone to school ...
My solution: (just for storage) :
Let $T=AX \cap BC $,then we apply DDIT on quadrilateral $ADXE$ and $BC $ we have$ (BQ),(C,P),(T,\infty_{BC}) $are involution pairs.
Then there exists a point $T'$ such that $TB \times TQ =TC\times TP =TT\times T \infty_{BC}$
So $T=T'$ and it lies on radical axis of $(BQX) and (CPX)$,so we are done.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Rogestive8828, Jul 30, 2024, 8:16 AM
Reason: typo
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L13832
255 posts
#12 • 1 Y
Y by CRT_07
This is not INMO 1995 problem, anyways this is easier than the P5.

To prove: $\overline{A-X-Y}$ where $XY$ is radical axis.
Let $AB\cap(BQX)=G$ and $AC \cap (CPX)=F$, we do this to use Reim's theorem to get $(BCFG)$ and then finish by radical axis on $(BCFG)$, $(BQXYG)$ and $(CPXBY)$ we prove that $\overline{A-X-Y}$. For that we need the following claims
Claim I: $\odot(XDFGE)\implies \odot(BFGC)$
Proof: Reim's Theorem.
Claim II: $\odot(XDFGE)$
Proof:\begin{align*}
\measuredangle BQX=\measuredangle BGX&=\measuredangle DGX=\measuredangle DEX\\
\measuredangle CPX=\measuredangle CFX&=\measuredangle XFE=\measuredangle XDE 
\end{align*}
Figure
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i3435
1350 posts
#13
Y by
Rogestive8828 wrote:
crazyeyemoody907 wrote:
Let $K=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$. Then it suffices to show $KB\cdot KQ=KC\cdot KP$ which may be obtained by applying DDIT to $X$ and $BCED$, then projecting the resulting involution onto $\overline{BC}$ as $(\infty_{BC}K;BQ;CP)$.
trivia

Your solution is similar to me.(P.S. I AM WEAK)
I didn't bring my cellphone to school ...
My solution: (just for storage) :
Let $T=AX \cap BC $,then we apply DDIT on quadrilateral $ADXE$ and $BC $ we have$ (BQ),(C,P),(T,\infty_{BC}) $are involution pairs.
Then there exists a point $T'$ such that $TB \times TQ =TC\times TP =TT\times T \infty_{BC}$
So $T=T'$ and it lies on radical axis of $(BQX) and (CPX)$,so we are done.

Your solution is similar to mine.
Let $T=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$, then we apply DDIT from $A$ to $\{\overline{DE},\overline{DP},\overline{QE},\overline{QP}\}$ and project on $\overline{BC}$ to get that $(B,Q),(C,P),(T,\infty_{\overline{BC}})$ are pairs under an involution. Thus $TB\cdot TQ=TC\cdot TP$ and $\overline{AXT}$ is the radical axis of $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$.
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Tqhoud
26 posts
#14
Y by
Let $(BQX) $ intersects $AB$again in $M$ and $ (CPX) $ intersects $AC$ at point $N$

We see that

$$\angle{XMD}=\angle{BMX}=\angle{XQP}=\angle{XED}$$
So $DXEM$ is cyclic

in the same way we get $DXEN$ is cyclic so $DEMN$ is cyclic

By reim's theorem we get that $MNCB$ is cyclic and because $NC$ and $MB$ intersect at $A$

so $A$ lies on radical axis between $w_1$ and $ w_2$

So easily we get that $A,X,Y$ are collinear
This post has been edited 5 times. Last edited by Tqhoud, Jul 30, 2024, 8:07 PM
Reason: .
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motannoir
171 posts
#15
Y by
Let $(BXQ)\cap AB=\{S\}, (CPX)\cap AC=\{L\}$
Claim: $DXELS$ is cyclic
Proof:We will use directed angles mod $\pi$
$$\measuredangle XDE=\measuredangle XPQ=\measuredangle XPC=\measuredangle XLC=\measuredangle XLE$$and similary for $S$ and we are done.
Now we have $AD\cdot AS=AE\cdot AL$ and since $\frac{AD}{AE}=\frac{AB}{AC}$ we have that $AS\cdot AB=AL\cdot AC$ so $A$ has the same power wrt $(BXQ)$ and $(CXP)$ meaning it lies on their radical axis i.e $XY$ so we are done.
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Anancibedih
18 posts
#17
Y by
Let $(BQX)\cap AB,(CPX)\cap AC$ be $T,Z$ respectively and $T\neq B,Z\neq C$. If $TZCB$ were cyclic, $YX$ would pass through $A$ because of the radical axis theorem for $(CPX),(BQX),(TZCB)$. Proving this ends the question. $$\angle{XQP}=\alpha,\angle{XPQ}=\theta\Longrightarrow \angle{DTX}=\angle{BEX}=\alpha, \angle{XDE}=\angle{XZE}=\theta $$$$\Longrightarrow\hspace{1mm}\text{T,X,E,Z,D cyclic}$$from $\angle{DTZ}=\angle{DEZ}=\angle{ACB}\Longrightarrow\hspace {1mm}\text{TZCB cyclic}$ $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by Anancibedih, Aug 2, 2024, 1:35 PM
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SomeonesPenguin
123 posts
#18 • 3 Y
Y by ehuseyinyigit, zzSpartan, Rounak_iitr
Trig bash because Im bad and cant do synthetic. :blush:

Let $\{F\} = (BQX) \cap AB$ and $\{G\} = (CPX) \cap AC$. From LOS in $\triangle{BXF}$ we have $\frac{FX}{\sin(\angle ABX)} = \frac{BX}{\sin(\angle BFX)} = \frac{BX}{\sin(\angle DEX)}$. Also apply LOS in $\triangle{CEX}$ and divide the relations to get:

\begin{align*}
    \frac{\sin(\angle XGF)}{\sin(\angle XFG)} &= \frac{FX}{GX}\\
    &= \frac{\sin(\angle ABX)}{\sin(\angle ACX)}\cdot\frac{BX}{CX}\cdot\frac{\sin(\angle XDE)}{\sin(\angle XED)}\\
    &= \frac{\sin(\angle ABX)}{\sin(\angle ACX)}\cdot\frac{BX}{CX}\cdot\frac{EX}{DX}
\end{align*}
From LOS in $\triangle{BXA}$ we get $\frac{BX}{\sin(\angle BAX)}=\frac{AX}{\sin(\angle ABX)}$. Do the same in $\triangle{AXC}$ and divide the relations to get $\frac{\sin(\angle ABX)}{\sin(\angle ACX)}\cdot\frac{BX}{CX} = \frac{\sin(\angle BAX)}{\sin(\angle CAX)}$. So we finally get: $$\frac{\sin(\angle XGF)}{\sin(\angle XFG)} = \frac{\sin(\angle BAX)}{\sin(\angle CAX)}\cdot\frac{EX}{DX}$$
Now apply LOS in $\triangle{ADX}$ and $\triangle{AEX}$ like we did before and divide the relations to get: $$\frac{\sin(\angle ADX)}{\sin(\angle AEX)} = \frac{\sin(\angle BAX)}{\sin(\angle CAX)}\cdot\frac{EX}{DX}$$
So we actually have: $$\frac{\sin(\angle XGF)}{\sin(\angle XFG)}=\frac{\sin(\angle ADX)}{\sin(\angle AEX)}=\frac{\sin(\angle BDX)}{\sin(\angle CEX)}$$
Now denote $\angle XDE = x$ and $\angle XED = y$. We have:
\begin{align*}
    \angle BDX + \angle CEX &= 360^{\circ} - \angle ADX - \angle AEX\\
    &= 180^{\circ}+(180^{\circ}-x-y) - B - C\\
    &= 180^{\circ} - (360^{\circ} - (180^{\circ}-x-y) - (180^{\circ} - B) - (180^{\circ} - C))\\
    &= 180^{\circ} - (360^{\circ} - \angle QXP - \angle FXQ - \angle EXP)\\
    &= 180^{\circ} - \angle FXE\\
    &= \angle XGF + \angle XFG
\end{align*}
So we have that $\angle XGF = \angle BDX$ and $\angle XFG = \angle XEC$ (well known lemma). Finally, we have that: $$\angle BFG = \angle BFX + \angle XFG = y + \angle XEC = y + 180^{\circ} - C - y = 180^{\circ} - C$$
So $BFGC$ is cyclic and hence $A$ lies on the radical axis of $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ as desired.
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alba_tross1867
44 posts
#19
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crazyeyemoody907 wrote:
Let $K=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$. Then it suffices to show $KB\cdot KQ=KC\cdot KP$ which may be obtained by applying DDIT to $X$ and $BCED$, then projecting the resulting involution onto $\overline{BC}$ as $(\infty_{BC}K;BQ;CP)$.
trivia

What's DDIT?
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Rogestive8828
35 posts
#21
Y by
alba_tross1867 wrote:
crazyeyemoody907 wrote:
Let $K=\overline{AX}\cap\overline{BC}$. Then it suffices to show $KB\cdot KQ=KC\cdot KP$ which may be obtained by applying DDIT to $X$ and $BCED$, then projecting the resulting involution onto $\overline{BC}$ as $(\infty_{BC}K;BQ;CP)$.
trivia

What's DDIT?

Dual Desargues Involution Theorem.
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matematica007
17 posts
#22
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Let $AB$ and $AC$ meet $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ again at $U$ and $V$.

CLAIM : $DUXVE$ is cyclic.

$\angle QBU = \angle UXE $ but $\angle QBU=\angle EDA$ so $\angle UXE= 180^{\circ} - \angle UDE$ so $UXED$ is cyclic.
Analogous we have $DXVE$ cyclic so $DUXVE$ is cyclic. So the claim is proved.

By PoP we have $AD \cdot AU=AE \cdot AV$ and how $\frac{AB}{AD}=\frac{AC}{AE}$ we have $AB \cdot AU=AC \cdot AV$ so A lies on the radical axis of $(BQXU)$ and $(CPXV)$. So A lies on $XY$.So the problem is proved.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by matematica007, Aug 14, 2024, 12:21 PM
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SatisfiedMagma
454 posts
#23 • 1 Y
Y by Rounak_iitr
Why did the asymptote take more time than solving the problem? Here's a short solution, same as others I think.

Solution: Consider $U \coloneqq AB \cap \odot(XQB) \ne B$ and $V \coloneqq AC \cap \odot(XPC) \ne C$. Here's the central claim of the problem.

[asy]
import olympiad;
import geometry;
size(9cm);
// defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));

pair A = (-0.36,0.93);
pair B = (-0.86,-0.51);
pair C = (0.86,-0.51);
pair D = (-0.59, 0.27);
pair E = extension(D,D+(C-B),A,C);
pair X = (-0.13, -0.12);
pair P = extension(D,X,B,C);
pair Q = extension(E,X,B,C);
pair U = intersectionpoints(circumcircle(D,X,E),circumcircle(B,Q,X))[0];
pair V = intersectionpoints(circumcircle(D,X,E), circumcircle(X,P,C))[0];
pair Y = intersectionpoints(circumcircle(X,P,C), circumcircle(X,Q,B))[0];

draw(A--B--C--A, red);
draw(A--X, magenta+dashed);
draw(D--E, red);
draw(D--P, red);
draw(E--Q, red);
draw(circumcircle(P,X,C), orange);
draw(circumcircle(Q,X,B), orange);
draw(circumcircle(D,X,E), deepgreen+dashed);
draw(circumcircle(B,C,U), blue+dashed);

dot("$A$", A, dir(A));
dot("$B$", B, dir(B));
dot("$C$", C, dir(C));
dot("$D$", D, dir(D));
dot("$E$", E, dir(E));
dot("$X$", X, dir(270)*1.8);
dot("$Y$", Y, dir(E)*1.8);
dot("$P$", P, dir(P));
dot("$Q$", Q, dir(Q));
dot("$U$", U, dir(110));
dot("$V$", V, dir(90));
[/asy]

Claim: $DXEUV$ and $UVBC$ are cyclic quadrilaterals.

Proof: By symmetry, it suffices to show that $V \in \odot(DXE)$. This is true since
\[\measuredangle XDE = \measuredangle XPQ = \measuredangle XVC = \measuredangle XVE. \]For $UVBC$, observe
\begin{align*}
\measuredangle UVC &= \measuredangle UVX + \measuredangle XVC \\
&= \measuredangle BDX + \measuredangle QPX \\
&= \measuredangle BDP + \measuredangle BPD \\
&= \measuredangle DBP = \measuredangle UBC.   
\end{align*}This completes the proof. $\square$
Since the pairwise radical axis of $\odot(XPCV)$, $\odot(XQBU)$ and $\odot(UVBC)$ concur, it must follow that $A-X-Y$ are collinear. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by SatisfiedMagma, Oct 17, 2024, 6:04 AM
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UI_MathZ_25
116 posts
#24
Y by
Solution
Attachments:
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bjump
996 posts
#26
Y by
USEMO derusting, 38 minute solve

WLOG $AB<AC$. Let $(XBP)$ intersect $AB$ again at $F$, and $(XQC)$ intersect $AC$ again at $G$. Now $\angle XDE = \angle XQP = \angle XGE $ which means that $XEGD$ is cyclic. Similarly $XFED$ is cyclic. Therefore $XEGDF$ is cyclic. Now observe $$\angle BFG + \angle C = 180^\circ-\angle DFG+ \angle C = 180^\circ - \angle DEG +\angle C = 180^\circ - \angle C + \angle C = 180^\circ$$therefore $BFEC$ is cyclic and since $A$ is the radical center of $(PBFYX)$, $(QCGYX)$, and $(BCFG)$. Then $A$ lies on the radical axis of $(PBFYX)$ and $(QCGYX)$ therefore $A$, $X$, and $Y$ are collinear.
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ehuseyinyigit
802 posts
#27
Y by
Let $(BQX)\cap AB=S$ and $(CPX)\cap AC=S$

Claim: Points $D$, $T$, $X$ and $E$ are concyclic
Proof:

Since $\angle XSB=\angle XQP=\angle XED$ which implies the points $D$, $E$, $X$ and $S$ are concyclic. Similarly $\angle XTC=\angle XPQ=\angle XDE$ gives the points $D$, $T$, $X$ and $E$ are concyclic. Thus, points $D$, $E$, $X$, $T$ and $S$ are concyclic.

Claim: Points $S$, $T$, $B$ and $C$ are concyclic
Proof:

Observe that from the circumcirle $(DEXTS)$ and $DE\parallel BC$, we have

$$\dfrac{AS}{AT}=\dfrac{AE}{AD}=\dfrac{AC}{AB}$$which means points $S$, $T$, $B$ and $C$ are concyclic (also can be shown via Reim's Theorem). Thus, point $A$ is on radical axis of $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ and $A\in XY$ as desired.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ehuseyinyigit, Oct 28, 2024, 10:19 AM
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ihategeo_1969
181 posts
#28
Y by
Let $\overline{AX} \cap \overline{BC}=T$.

Apply DDIT from $X$ to $DECB$ and we get $(\overline{XD};\overline{XC})$; $(\overline{XE};\overline{XB})$; $(\overline{XA};\overline{X \infty})$ are pairs under some involution. Projecting this onto $\overline{BC}$ we get that $(P,C)$; $(Q,B)$; $(T,\infty)$ are pairs under some involution.

This gives us that $T$ is the center of this involution (inversion) and so $TP \cdot TC=TQ \cdot TB$ and we are done.

Remark: This is just the buffed down version of IMO $2019/2$.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by ihategeo_1969, Nov 26, 2024, 2:33 PM
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Sadigly
122 posts
#29
Y by
Let $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$ intersect $AB$ and $AC$ at $M;N$,respectively.
Claim 1.:$DEXN$ is cyclic.
Proof:$$\measuredangle BPD=\alpha\Rightarrow \measuredangle PDE=\measuredangle XPE=180-\alpha$$$$\measuredangle DPC=\measuredangle XPC=\measuredangle XNC=\measuredangle XNE=180-\alpha$$$$\measuredangle XPE=\measuredangle XNE$$.

Do this for $\measuredangle CQE=\beta$ to get $DEXM$ is cyclic.

$DEXN$ and $DEXM$ is cyclic$\Rightarrow DEXNM$ is cyclic.

Claim 2:$BMNC$ is cyclic
Proof:$\measuredangle BMN=\measuredangle BMX+\measuredangle XMN=\measuredangle BQX+\measuredangle XEN=\measuredangle CQX+\measuredangle XEC=\measuredangle CQE+\measuredangle QEC=-\measuredangle ECQ=\measuredangle QCE=\measuredangle BCN$

We got cyclic quadrilaterals $BMNC;BXYM;CXYN$, so their radical axises $BM;CN;XY$ concur at some point. But we know that $BM$ and $CN$ concur at $A$, so that means line $XY$ passes through $A$
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eibc
598 posts
#30
Y by
Let $(BQX)$ meet $AB$ again at $F$ and $(CPX)$ meet $(AC)$ again at $G$. By Reim's theorem, $DXEF$ and $DXEG$ are cyclic. Thus, $DEGF$ is cyclic, so by Reim's theorem again, $BFGC$ is cyclic. Thus, $A$ must be the radical center of $(BQXF)$, $(CPXG)$, and $(BFGC)$, so it lies on $XY$.
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redred123
32 posts
#31
Y by
Easy
let the circumcircles meet $AB$ at $H$ and $AC$ at $F$ then $X$ $D$ $H$ and $F$ are concyclic (that follows directly from the parallelism and the $2$ concyclicities then the statement is equivalent to show that $AH$.$AB$=$AF$.$AC$ but we already have that $AH$.$AD$=$AF$.$AE$ but since $DE\parallel BC$
$$\dfrac{AD}{AE}=\dfrac{AB}{AC}$$and hence $A$ lies on the radical axcis of $(HXQB)$ and $(FXPC)$ and hence the conclusion $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by redred123, Dec 22, 2024, 11:41 PM
Reason: K
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MATH-TITAN
7 posts
#32
Y by
Different Solution
Motivation
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ItsBesi
139 posts
#33
Y by
Did this one while ago but I am posting it now for storage.
,
Let $\odot(BQXY)=\omega_B, \odot(CPXY)=\omega_C$ , $\omega_B \cap AB=\{K\} , \omega_C \cap AC=\{L\}$

Claim: Points $K,D,L$ and $E$ are concyclic

Proof: Let $\odot (XED)=\Gamma$

$\angle DEX \equiv DEQ \stackrel{DE \parallel BC}{=} \angle EQC \equiv XQC =180-\angle XQB \stackrel{\omega_b}{=}\angle BKX=180-\angle DKX \implies \angle DEX=180-\angle DKX \implies$

$\angle DEX+\angle DKX=180 \implies$ Points $X,K,E$ and $D$ are concyclic. $\implies K \in \Gamma$

Simmilarly:

$\angle EDX \equiv EDB \stackrel{ED \parallel BC}{=}180-\angle DPC \equiv 180-\angle XPC \stackrel{\omega_C}{=} \angle XLC \equiv \angle XLE\equiv \angle ELX \implies$

$ \angle EDX=\angle ELX \implies$ Points $E,L,D$ and $X$ are concyclic. $\implies L \in \Gamma$

So since $K,L \in \Gamma \implies$ Points $K,D,L$ and $E$ are concyclic $\square$.

Claim: Points $B,K,L$ and $C$ are concyclic

Proof:

$180-\angle BKL=\angle AKL \equiv \angle DXL \stackrel{\Gamma}{=} \angle DEL \equiv \angle DEA \equiv \angle AED \stackrel{DE \parallel BC}{=} \angle ACB \equiv \angle LCB \implies 180-\angle BKL=\angle LCB \implies$

$ \angle BKL+\angle LCB=180 \implies$ Points $B,K,L$ and $C$ are concyclic $\square$

Claim: Points $\overline{A-X-Y}$ are collinear

Proof: By using Power of the Point Theorem we get:

Points $B,K,L$ and $C$ are concyclic $\implies AK \cdot AB=AL \cdot AC \implies Pow(A,\omega_B)=Pow(A, \omega_C) \implies$

$A$ lies on the radical axis of $\omega_B$ and $\omega_C$ but $\omega_B \cap \omega_C=\{X,Y \} \implies$ Points $\overline{A-X-Y}$ are collinear $\blacksquare$
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Bonime
29 posts
#34
Y by
A different solution by some ratio bashing
Let $R=XY\cap BC$, $S=AR\cap DE$ and $T=XY\cap DE$
We´re going to prove that $S=T$, so we´ll have $A \in \overline{SR}=\overline{TR}=\overline{XY}$.
Thus, once $R$ is in the radical axis of $(BQX)$ and $(CPX)$, we get that $$RQ\cdot RB=RC\cdot RP \Rightarrow \frac{RB}{RC}=\frac{RP}{RQ}$$Then, by the ratio lemma at $AR$ in $\Delta ABC$ and at $XR$ in $\Delta XQP$ $$\frac{RB}{RC}=\frac{AB}{AC} \cdot \frac{sin \ \angle RAB}{sin \ \angle RAC} = \frac {SD}{SE}=\frac{RP}{RQ}=\frac{XP}{XQ}\cdot \frac{sin \ \angle RXP}{sin \ \angle RXQ}$$but, by the paralelism and from the the fact that $T$, $X$ and $R$ are colinear, we get that $$\frac{SD}{SE}=\frac{XP}{XQ}\cdot \frac{sin \ \angle RXP}{sin \ \angle RXQ}=\frac{XD}{XE}\cdot \frac{sin \ \angle TXD}{sin \ \angle TXE}=\frac{TD}{TE}$$what makes us get that $S=T$, finishing the problem. $\blacksquare$
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ray66
26 posts
#35
Y by
Let $\odot (BQX)$ intersect $\overline{AB}$ at $H$ and let $\odot (CPX)$ intersect $\overline{AC}$ at $I$. The line $\overline{XY}$ is the radical axis of the two circles, and $A$ lies on the axis iff $BCIH$ is cyclic. We have that $\angle{XQP} = \angle{BHX} = \angle{DEX}$ so $HDXE$ is cyclic. But $$\angle{XPQ} = \angle{XIC} = \angle{XDE}$$so $IEXD$ is cyclic. So the entire pentagon $HDXEI$ is cyclic. Now $BHIC$ is cyclic if $\angle{BHI} = 180 - \angle{C}$ or if $$\angle{BHI} = \angle{XQP} + \angle{XEC}$$. But $\angle{BHX} = \angle{XQP}$ and $$\angle{XHI} = 180-\angle{IEX} = \angle{XEC}$$so $BHIC$ is cyclic and $A$ is the radical center of $\odot(BQX)$, $\odot(CPX)$, and $\odot(BHIC)$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ray66, Mar 5, 2025, 7:04 PM
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AshAuktober
962 posts
#36
Y by
Main idea: Let $AB \cap (BQX) = F,AC \cap (CPY) = G$. Then prove that $D,E,F,G,X$ are concyclic, and finish by PoP and radax.
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bo18
38 posts
#37
Y by
Easy solution with bary-bash, even it is not needed to have full form of barycentric coordinates to point Y
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Maximilian113
524 posts
#38
Y by
Let $R=AB \cap (BQX), S=AC \cap (CPX).$ Then $$\angle XSE=\angle XSC = \angle XPB = \angle XDE.$$Similarly $\angle XRD=\angle XED,$ so pentagon $XDRSE$ is cyclic. Now by homothety $RSCB$ is cyclic, and we finish by Radical Axis. QED
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jordiejoh
4 posts
#39
Y by
Let be $\omega$ and $\gamma$ circumcircles of $\triangle BQX$ and $\triangle CPX$, respectly.
Let $S: AB\cap \omega$ different of $B$
Let $R: AC\cap \gamma$ different of $C$

Claim 1: $DXES$ and $DXER$ are cyclic.
$BQXS$ is cyclic, then $\angle XSB+\angle BQX=180^\circ$ $\iff$ $\angle XSB+180^\circ-\angle XQP=180^\circ \iff \angle XSB=\angle XSD =\angle XQP$. Analogous with $XPCR$ cyclic, we have $\angle ERX+\angle XPC=180^\circ \iff \angle ERX+180^\circ-\angle QPX=180^\circ \iff \angle ERX=\angle CRX= \angle QPX$. Notice that $P$ and $Q \in BC$ then $QP\parallel DE \iff \angle XQP=\angle EQP=\angle QED=\angle XED$. then $\angle XSD=\angle XQP=\angle XED \iff \angle XSD=\angle XED$ that means $DXES$ is cyclic.
Analogous, $\angle QPX=\angle QPD=\angle EDP=\angle EDX$ then $\angle ERX=\angle QPX= \angle EDX$ that means $DXER$ is cyclic.

Claim 2: $DERS$ is cyclic.
By Claim 1, we obtain that $D, X, E, S$ and $R$ are on the same circuference, so $DERS$ is cyclic.

By Claim 2 and $BC\parallel DE$, $\angle RSD+\angle DER=180^\circ \iff \angle RSB+\angle BCR=180^\circ$ means $RSBC$ is cylic. Then $\frac{AS}{AC}=\frac{AR}{AB} \iff AS\cdot AB=AR\cdot AC$ where we obtain $A$ is equipotent point of $\omega$ and $\gamma$. Notice that $XY$ is radical axis of $\omega$ and $\gamma$, then $A\in XY$ and we´re done.
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