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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Wednesday at 3:18 PM
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0 replies
jlacosta
Wednesday at 3:18 PM
0 replies
Inspired by JK1603JK
sqing   13
N 4 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 $ and $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{abc-2}{abc-1}\ge \frac{4(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{a^3b+b^3c+c^3a+1} $$
13 replies
1 viewing
sqing
Today at 3:31 AM
sqing
4 minutes ago
Problem 1
SlovEcience   0
10 minutes ago
Prove that
\[
C(p-1, k-1) \equiv (-1)^{k-1} \pmod{p}
\]for \( 1 \leq k \leq p-1 \), where \( C(n, m) \) is the binomial coefficient \( n \) choose \( m \).
0 replies
SlovEcience
10 minutes ago
0 replies
A simple power
Rushil   19
N 11 minutes ago by Raj_singh1432
Source: Indian RMO 1993 Problem 2
Prove that the ten's digit of any power of 3 is even.
19 replies
Rushil
Oct 16, 2005
Raj_singh1432
11 minutes ago
Problem 1
blug   3
N 16 minutes ago by blug
Source: Polish Math Olympiad 2025 Finals P1
Find all $(a, b, c, d)\in \mathbb{R}$ satisfying
\[\begin{aligned}
\begin{cases}
    a+b+c+d=0,\\
    a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=12,\\
    abcd=-3.\\
\end{cases}
\end{aligned}\]
3 replies
blug
3 hours ago
blug
16 minutes ago
No more topics!
Russian geometry
iandrei   17
N Dec 29, 2020 by Steve12345
Let $N$ be a point on the longest side $AC$ of a triangle $ABC$. The perpendicular bisectors of $AN$ and $NC$ intersect $AB$ and $BC$ respectively in $K$ and $M$. Prove that the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABC$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $KBM$.
17 replies
iandrei
Jul 27, 2003
Steve12345
Dec 29, 2020
Russian geometry
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iandrei
138 posts
#1 • 5 Y
Y by Abdollahpour, Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
Let $N$ be a point on the longest side $AC$ of a triangle $ABC$. The perpendicular bisectors of $AN$ and $NC$ intersect $AB$ and $BC$ respectively in $K$ and $M$. Prove that the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABC$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $KBM$.
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grobber
7849 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
I used the following theorem(I think it belongs to Brocard):

Given 2 triangles ABC and A'B'C', if you inscribe a triangle similar to A'B'C' in triangle ABC (call this one A1B1C1, with A1 on BC etc.), the circles AB1 C1, BA1C1, CB1A1 intersect an the same point, no matter which triangle A1B1C1 you take (it's called the Brocard point of triangle ABC with respect to triangle A'B'C' I think).

I'm not going to prove it, but if you check it out you'll see that it's not hard at all, and I think it's accepted in contests anyway(I used it once and I got all the points).

Here goes:
Let's assume that BC<=AB<=AC (so that we have the same drawing), and I also assumed that K is on the segment BC and M is also on segment AB, because the other cases are treated similarly.

Take the circumscribed circle of triangle KMN. You can easily prove that it intersects again the side AC at T (you use the fact that AC is the largest side). The quadrilateral MKNT is inscribable (is that the word? :D ) so angle TMK =angle KNC=angle C & angle TKM=angle TNM=angle A, so triangle KTM and triangle ABC are similar.
Now, if you take A'B'C'=ABC in the theorem above, that point at which those circles intersect is O(the circumcircle):just take the median triangle. But KTM is one of those triangles inscribed in ABC and similar to A'B'C' (which is also ABC), so according to the theorem, circles BKM,CKT and ATM intersect at O, so O is on circle BKM.
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alekk
2620 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
here is my proof of what you called Brocart theorem :
I take the same notation as above and I called O the point
of intersection of circles AB1C1,BA1C1,CB1A1.
let
Z=angle(O C1 B1)
E=angle(O C1 A1)
R=angle(O A1 C1)
T=angle(O A1 B1)
Y=angle(O B1 A1)
U=angle(O B1 C1)
then we have the following system of equation:
Z+E =C1
R+T =A1
Y+U =B1
Z +U =A
E+R =B
T+Y =C

so there are 6 equation, 6 unknown value and
we easily see there is a unique solution.

What is the usual(synthetic) solution?
(i'm not sure this theorem is called brocart theorem)
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grobber
7849 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Well, when I thought of proving this theorem the same proof came to me, the one you posted. I'll try to solve it in some other way.
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pestich
179 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Circumcircle KMN intersects AC at T - orthocenter of KMO.



Maj. Pestich
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dgreenb801
1896 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Can we prove this using Simpson's theorem? The perpendiculars from O to BK and BM are the midpoints X and Y of AB and BC.
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snowingforest
15 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Which AC is the longest side is not neccessary :)
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vishalarul
1438 posts
#8 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
I found another way to solve it, using transformations.
Solution
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tuanh208
66 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I have a solution for this nice problem.Let $(K,KA)\cap (M,MC)=P$
We have
$\angle APC=\angle APN+\angle NPC=\frac {1}{2}\angle AKN+\frac {1}{2}\angle NMC=$ $(90^0-\angle BCA)+(90^0-\angle BAC)=\angle ABC$
Hence $ABPC$ is cyclic so $P\in (O)$.
Since $P\in (O),P\in (K)$ and $A\in (O),A\in (K)$ so $OK\perp AP$. Similarity we have $OM\perp CP$
Thus $\angle KOM+\angle APC=180^0$ or $\angle KOM=\angle APC$
$\bullet $If $\angle KOM+\angle APC=180^0$ then $\angle KOM+\angle ABC=180^0$ so $OKBM$ is cyclic.
$\bullet $If $\angle KOM=\angle APC$ then $\angle KOM=\angle ABC=180^0-\angle BCA-\angle BAC=$ $180^0-\angle MNC-\angle KNA=\angle KNM$
$\Rightarrow O\in [AC](?)\Rightarrow \angle KOM=\angle KBM=90^0$ so $OKBM$ is cyclic.
$Q.E.D$
Actually if see picture we can see it must be $\angle KOM+\angle APC=180^0$ :)
Sorry if i wrong
Attachments:
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JohnPeanuts
99 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Here is another solution, using just similar triangles.
Click to reveal hidden text
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AMN300
563 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Here's a slightly different solution than the ones above. Honestly, I feel it is hilarious this idea can even be used, though this problem is nice to do synthetically.

Solution
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anantmudgal09
1979 posts
#12 • 3 Y
Y by Ankoganit, Adventure10, Mango247
Note that as $N$ varies uniformly on $\overline{AC}$, points $K, M$ vary uniformly on $\overline{AB}, \overline{BC}$ respectively, so the circumcircle of $\triangle KBM$ passes through a fixed point other than $B$. For $N \in \{A, C\}$ it is clear that $O$ lies on $\odot (KBM)$ so we are done!
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lifeisgood03
388 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
anantmudgal09 wrote:
points $K, M$ vary uniformly on $\overline{AB}, \overline{BC}$ respectively, so the circumcircle of $\triangle KBM$ passes through a fixed point other than $B$

What is the definition of uniform movement and why is this true? Is this the result of some theorem?
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anantmudgal09
1979 posts
#14 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Uniform movement means that at time $t$ point $P$ lies on a segment $P_0P_1$ with $\overrightarrow{P_0P}=t \overrightarrow{P_0P_1}$ or anything equivalent. Now perpendicular bisectors of $AN, CN$ are essentially a pencil of lines that move uniformly too (it's easy to work out what that means), so their intersections with fixed lines also move in the same fashion.

It can also be shown using spiral similarity, that $(BKM)$ passes through a fixed point in this case. So, we're good by checking few cases.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by anantmudgal09, Jan 5, 2018, 9:17 PM
Reason: typo
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lifeisgood03
388 posts
#15 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Quote:
It can also be shown using spiral similarity, that $(BKM)$ passes through a fixed point in this case.

How do you incorporate the fact that K and M move uniformly into proving this?
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anantmudgal09
1979 posts
#16 • 2 Y
Y by lifeisgood03, Adventure10
If $K$ divides $P_1Q_1$ in the same ratio as $M$ does $P_2Q_2$; then let $S$ be the spiral center $P_1Q_1 \mapsto P_2Q_2$. Then $S$ also sends $K$ to $M$, so $(BKM)$ passes through $S$.
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#17 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Quote:
Let $N$ be a point on the longest side $AC$ of a triangle $ABC$. The perpendicular bisectors of $AN$ and $NC$ intersect $AB$ and $BC$ respectively in $K$ and $M$. Prove that the circumcenter $O$ of $\triangle ABC$ lies on the circumcircle of triangle $KBM$.
Solution: Assume $NA<NC$. Let $CO \cap NK=G$. Let the circle at $K$ with radius $KA=KN$ intersect $OA$ $=$ $D$ $\implies$ $\angle KAD$ $=$ $\angle KDA$
$$\angle KGO=180^{\circ}-(180^{\circ}-A+90^{\circ}-B)=\angle KDA \implies GKDO \text{ is cyclic}$$And, $\angle KBO=90^{\circ}-C=\angle KDA \implies B \in \odot (GKDO)$. Also,
$$\angle KBO=90^{\circ}-C=\angle NGC=\frac{1}{2}\angle NMC \implies M \text{ is the center of } \odot (GNC)$$Hence, $\angle OBM=\angle GCM=\angle OGM$ $\implies$ $M \in \odot (BGKDO)$ $\implies$ $O \in \odot (KBM)$
This post has been edited 4 times. Last edited by AlastorMoody, Jun 23, 2019, 8:12 PM
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Steve12345
618 posts
#18
Y by
Close to usatst 2012
Switch for $A$ labbeling.
Let $BN=x$ ($CN=a-x$)
From triangles $NKC$ and $NMB$ we have $AK=b-\frac{a-x}{2cos \gamma}$ and $AM=c-\frac{x}{2cos \beta}$ so $AK \cdot  cos \gamma + AM \cdot  cos \beta =R \cdot sin \alpha \leftrightarrow b \cdot cos \gamma + c \cdot cos \beta = a$ is true.
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