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jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
inquequality
ngocthi0101   10
N 14 minutes ago by MS_asdfgzxcvb
let $a,b,c > 0$ prove that
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ngocthi0101
Sep 26, 2014
MS_asdfgzxcvb
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Functional Equation
AnhQuang_67   5
N 17 minutes ago by jasperE3
Find all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfying $$2\cdot f\Big(\dfrac{-xy}{2}+f(x+y)\Big)=xf(y)+yf(x), \forall x, y \in \mathbb{R} $$
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AnhQuang_67
Yesterday at 4:50 PM
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Phorphyrion   8
N 21 minutes ago by optimusprime154
Source: 2025 Israel TST Test 1 P2
Triangle $\triangle ABC$ is inscribed in circle $\Omega$. Let $I$ denote its incenter and $I_A$ its $A$-excenter. Let $N$ denote the midpoint of arc $BAC$. Line $NI_A$ meets $\Omega$ a second time at $T$. The perpendicular to $AI$ at $I$ meets sides $AC$ and $AB$ at $E$ and $F$ respectively. The circumcircle of $\triangle BFT$ meets $BI_A$ a second time at $P$, and the circumcircle of $\triangle CET$ meets $CI_A$ a second time at $Q$. Prove that $PQ$ passes through the antipodal to $A$ on $\Omega$.
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Phorphyrion
Oct 28, 2024
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N an hour ago by sansgankrsngupta
Source: Titu Andreescu, Lemmas in Olympiad Geometry
Let ABC be a triangle and let D, E, F be the feet of the altitudes, with D on BC, E on CA, and F on AB. Let the parallel through D to EF meet AB at X and AC at Y. Let T be the intersection of EF with BC and let M be the midpoint of side BC. Prove that the points T, M, X, Y are concyclic.
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N 5 hours ago by anduran
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titaniumfalcon   3
N Yesterday at 11:16 PM by mathprodigy2011
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titaniumfalcon
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mathprodigy2011
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Geo Mock #10
Bluesoul   2
N Yesterday at 8:26 PM by Bluesoul
Consider acute $\triangle{ABC}$ with $AB=10$, $AC<BC$ and area $135$. The circle $\omega$ with diameter $AB$ meets $BC$ at $E$. Let the orthocenter of the triangle be $H$, connect $CH$ and extend to meet $\omega$ at $N$ such that $NC>HC$ and $NE$ is the diameter of $\omega$. Draw the circumcircle $\Gamma$ of $\triangle{AHB}$, chord $XY$ of $\Gamma$ is tangent to $\omega$ and it passes through $N$, compute $XY$.
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Bluesoul
Apr 1, 2025
Bluesoul
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Inequalities
sqing   4
N Yesterday at 3:28 PM by sqing
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sqing
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sqing
Yesterday at 3:28 PM
Geo Mock #9
Bluesoul   1
N Yesterday at 3:19 PM by vanstraelen
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Bluesoul
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Geo Mock #6
Bluesoul   1
N Yesterday at 1:59 PM by vanstraelen
Consider triangle $ABC$ with $AB=5, BC=8, AC=7$, denote the incenter of the triangle as $I$. Extend $BI$ to meet the circumcircle of $\triangle{AIC}$ at $Q\neq I$, find the length of $QC$.
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Ecrin_eren   1
N Yesterday at 1:39 PM by Ecrin_eren
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for 0 ≤ x, y < 41.

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Ecrin_eren
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Ecrin_eren
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Ecrin_eren   1
N Yesterday at 1:38 PM by Ecrin_eren
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Ecrin_eren
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Ecrin_eren
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jjsunpu   9
N Yesterday at 12:21 PM by fruitmonster97
proof is below
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jjsunpu
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.problem.
Cobedangiu   2
N Yesterday at 12:06 PM by Lankou
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Cobedangiu
Yesterday at 6:20 AM
Lankou
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Perpendicularity in a cyclic quad
frenchy   18
N Jan 23, 2025 by Nari_Tom
Source: Balkan Mathematical Olympiad 2011. Problem 1.
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral which is not a trapezoid and whose diagonals meet at $E$. The midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$ are $F$ and $G$ respectively, and $\ell$ is the line through $G$ parallel to $AB$. The feet of the perpendiculars from E onto the lines $\ell$ and $CD$ are $H$ and $K$, respectively. Prove that the lines $EF$ and $HK$ are perpendicular.
18 replies
frenchy
May 6, 2011
Nari_Tom
Jan 23, 2025
Perpendicularity in a cyclic quad
G H J
Source: Balkan Mathematical Olympiad 2011. Problem 1.
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frenchy
150 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr, and 1 other user
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral which is not a trapezoid and whose diagonals meet at $E$. The midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$ are $F$ and $G$ respectively, and $\ell$ is the line through $G$ parallel to $AB$. The feet of the perpendiculars from E onto the lines $\ell$ and $CD$ are $H$ and $K$, respectively. Prove that the lines $EF$ and $HK$ are perpendicular.
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Luis González
4145 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by igli.2001, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Since $\ell$ is antiparallel to $DC$ WRT $EC,ED,$ it follows that $EH$ is the E-circumdiameter of $\triangle EDC.$ Let $M$ be the orthogonal projection of $E$ on $HK$ and $EM$ cuts $DC$ at $T.$ From the cyclic quadrilateral $EKHG$ (due to its right angles <EKG and <EHG) we deduce that $\angle HEG=\angle HKG=\angle MKT=\angle KET.$ Since $EK,EH$ are isogonals WRT $\angle DEC,$ then $EM,EG$ are also isogonals WRT $\angle DEC.$ From $\triangle DEC \sim \triangle AEB,$ we have then $\angle FEB=\angle GEC=\angle MED$ $\Longrightarrow$ $F,E,M$ are collinear, i.e. $EF \perp HK.$
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silouan
3952 posts
#3 • 11 Y
Y by andrejilievski, DrinkWater1, igli.2001, Professor33, Adventure10, Mango247, X.Luser, and 4 other users
Here is my solution to this nice problem.
Let $EH$ meets $AB$ at $P$. Then we have to prove that $\angle{PEF}+\angle{EHK}=90$.
But we have that $\angle{EHK}=\angle{EGK}=90-\angle{KEG}$. So we have to prove that
$\angle{KEG}=\angle{FEP}$. But $DEC$ and $AEB$ are similar and the angles $KEG,FEP$ are these that are formed by the median and the height to these similar triangles so they are equal and we are done.
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Bugi
1857 posts
#4 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
Solution
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MariusBocanu
429 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Let ${U}=HK \cap EF.$ The condition can be written as $\widehat{GKH}=\widehat{KEU}$,but $G,H,K,E$ are cocyclic, so $\widehat{GKH}=\widehat{GEH}$.Denote ${\widehat{GEH}=x,\widehat{HGE}=90-x}$, denote $P=GE \cap AB$ so $\widehat{EPF}=90-x$ Denote $R=EK \cap AB$. We have to prove that $\widehat{REF}=x$ Denote $M=EF \cap DC$, so we have to prove that $\widehat{EMG}=\widehat{EPF}$, but we have ${\widehat{PEF}=\widehat{MEG}}$, so we have to prove that $\widehat{DGE}=\widehat{EFA}$, but this is well-known.(prove that $\widehat{AEF}=\widehat{DEG}$(use $\frac{AE}{EB}=\frac{sin \widehat{FEB}}{sin \widehat{AEF}}$.
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manifestdestiny
28 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Let $EF\cap l=X$. Then $\angle FXH=\angle AFE$.

We claim $\angle AFE=\angle EGD$. Indeed, $\triangle AEB\sim \triangle DEC$, and as $F$ is the midpoint of $AB$, $G$ the midpoint of $CD$, we must have $\triangle AFE \sim \triangle DGE$.

Now let $EX\cap KH=Y.$ THen $EKGH$ is cyclic.
But $\angle EKH=\angle EGH$ and $\angle KEX=\angle GEH$, implying $\angle EYK=90^o$ as desired.
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salazar
6 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Does anyone know anything about the results?
Thank you!
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aleksandar
32 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
The medal cut-offs are known : 10 for bronze, 30 for gold, but I'm not sure if 17 or 21 are required for silver. Some of the countries posted their results, but the complete official results can't be seen on http://www.bmo2011.lbi.ro yet. I don't know what's wrong with the page.
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matrix41
68 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Simson's line (E,KGH) (suppose $EX'$ perpendicular to $HK$) + Proof $\angle{BEF}=\angle{X'ED}$ by Similarity
Done
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TheIronChancellor
49 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
matrix41 wrote:
Simson's line (E,KGH) (suppose $EX'$ perpendicular to $HK$) + Proof $\angle{BEF}=\angle{X'ED}$ by Similarity
Done


Well Done !

I had also notice it but my proof was little different : to prove that KH is the Simpson Line of TriangleKGH it is enough to prove that the steiner line of this triangle

is parallel to simpson line. This can be easily done if we recall the Brocard Lemma to help us, saying : ''The quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in the circle k with center O. Let
E = AB∩CD, F = AD∩BC, G = AC∩BD. Then O is the orthocenter of the triangle EFG. ''
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erfan_Ashorion
102 posts
#11 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
oh yes!i proof some lemma! :D
lemma1:$\angle DEK = \angle HEC$
suppose $EH$ intersect $AB$ on $P$ because $l$ is parallel to $AB$ $\angle BPE =90$ so $\angle KEC = \angle PEB= \angle DEH$
so $\angle DEK = \angle HEC $!
end of proof of lemma 1.
suppose $EF$ intersect $HK$ at $Q$...!
lemma2:$EQ$ is isogonal of $EG$ wrt $DE$ and $EC$
i proof that $\frac {\sin CEG}{\sin GED} = \frac{\sin DEQ}{\sin CEQ} $
proof of lemma 2:
$\frac {\sin CEG}{\sin GED} = \frac{ED}{EC}$
we know that $\angle DEQ =\angle FEB$ and $\angle DEC=\angle AEB$
$\frac {\sin BEF}{\sin FEA} = \frac {EA}{EB}$
know we must to proof $\frac {EA}{EB}= \frac{ED}{EC}$ and it is so easy that we can proof by $\triangle AEB \sim \triangle DEC$
end of proof of lemma 2.
know from lemma1 and lemma2 $\rightarrow \angle KEQ = \angle GEH $ so $EQ$ is isogonal of $EG$ wrt $EK$ and $EH$ know i need lemma 3
lemma 3:theoream 2 from isogonal conjugation with respect to a traingle frome Darij grinberg
from lemma 3 and lemma 2 and lemaa 1 $\rightarrow$ problem proof! :blush:
lemma 3:http://www.cip.ifi.lmu.de/~grinberg/Isogonal.zip
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waver123
142 posts
#12 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
easy angle chasing leads to $ EF $ bring the symmedian of triangle $ EDC $ .
Now some more easy angle chasing leads to the desired result.
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StefanS
149 posts
#13 • 2 Y
Y by sanjas, Adventure10
My solution is probably the same as waver123's.

My solution
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IstekOlympiadTeam
542 posts
#14 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My Solution:

Let's say that $\angle CAB=\angle CDE=\alpha, \ \angle ABD=\angle ACD=\beta , \ \angle DEG=\phi$ and $\angle AEF=\lambda$

In the triangle $AEB$ we have: \[\frac{sin \ \alpha}{sin \ \beta}=\frac{sin \ \lambda}{sin \ (\alpha+\beta+\lambda)}  \  (\star)\]and similarly in triangle $DEC$ we have \[\frac{sin \ \alpha}{sin \ \beta}=\frac{sin \ \phi}{sin \ (\alpha +\beta + \phi)}  \  (\star\star)\]Combinig $(\star)$ and $(\star\star)$ we get \[\frac{sin \ \phi}{sin \ (\alpha+\beta+\phi)} = \frac{sin \ \lambda}{sin \ (\alpha +\beta + \lambda)}\]Solving the equation we get $\alpha = -\beta$ (Which is impossible) then $\phi=\lambda$ By angle Chasing we get $\angle EKT=\beta+\phi$ Where $T=HK\cap FE$ and since $\phi=\lambda$ we get $\angle KET =90^{\circ}-\beta - \phi$ which follows $\angle ETK=90^{\circ}$
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hayoola
123 posts
#15 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
let $l \cap AC=J$ and let $HK \cap  EF=M$
we must prove that $\angle{MEK}=90-\angle{EKM}=90-\angle{EGH}$

$\angle{EGH}=\angle{GEJ}+\angle{GJE}$
$\angle{GJE}=\angle{EAB}=\angle{EDK}$
$\angle{GEJ}=\angle{FEB}=\angle{DEM}$
we know that $\angle{EDK}+\angle{DEM}=90-\angle{EKM}$
so we are done
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henderson
312 posts
#16 • 3 Y
Y by tenplusten, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $l \cap FE=J$ and $l \cap AC=L.$
Since $AB \parallel l,$ we have $\angle AFE=\angle EJH.$
Then from $\triangle AFE \sim \triangle DGE$ and cyclic quadrilateral $EKHG$ we have $\angle AFE=\angle DGE=\angle KHE=\angle LHE.$
So, $\angle EJH= \angle LHE.$
It means that $\triangle EJH \sim \triangle EHL.$ Since $\angle EHJ=90^\circ,$ we get $\angle ELH=90^\circ,$ which means that $EF \perp HK.$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by henderson, Apr 26, 2016, 7:08 PM
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HadjBrahim-Abderrahim
169 posts
#18 • 3 Y
Y by Goldbach37, Adventure10, Mango247
My solution. let $Y$ be the intersection of $AB$ with $HE$ and let $X$ be the intersection of $FE$ with $HK.$ since the quadrilateral $ABCD$ is Cyclic we have, $\measuredangle GDE=\measuredangle CDB=\measuredangle CAB=\measuredangle EAF.$ and, $\frac{AE}{DE}=\frac{AB}{DC}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}AB}{\frac{1}{2}DC}=\frac{AF}{DG}$ (since, the triangles $ABE$ and $EDC$ are simillar). hence, the triangles $DEG$ and $AFE$ are simillar and, $\measuredangle EGD=\measuredangle AFE.$ now, we see that the quadrilateral $EGHK$ is Cyclic since, $\measuredangle GHE=\measuredangle GKE=90^\circ.$ therefore, $\measuredangle AFX=\measuredangle AFE=\measuredangle EGD=\measuredangle EGK=\measuredangle EHK=\measuredangle EHX.$ and thus, the quadrilateral $YFHX$ is Cyclic. hence, $\measuredangle HXF=\measuredangle HYF=90^\circ.$ since, $\ell$ and $AB$ are parallel and $EH$ is perpendicular to $\ell.$
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aksshatkhanna
22 posts
#19 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
manifestdestiny wrote:
Let $EF\cap l=X$. Then $\angle FXH=\angle AFE$.

We claim $\angle AFE=\angle EGD$. Indeed, $\triangle AEB\sim \triangle DEC$, and as $F$ is the midpoint of $AB$, $G$ the midpoint of $CD$, we must have $\triangle AFE \sim \triangle DGE$.

Now let $EX\cap KH=Y.$ THen $EKGH$ is cyclic.
But $\angle EKH=\angle EGH$ and $\angle KEX=\angle GEH$, implying $\angle EYK=90^o$ as desired.

how is AFE similar to DGE
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Nari_Tom
78 posts
#20
Y by
$EF$ is the symmedian of triangle $ECD$. So $EF$ and $EG$ should be isogonal, some angle chase finishes the problem.
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