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Similarity of two triangles!
ariopro1387   2
N 19 minutes ago by sami1618
Source: Iran Team selection test 2025 - P5
In a scalene triangle $ABC$, $D$ is the point of tangency of the incircle with the side $BC$. Points $T_B$ and $T_C$ are the intersections of the angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ACB$ with the circumcircle of $ABC$, respectively. Let $X_B$ be the antipodal point of $A$ in the circumcircle of $ACD$, and let $X_C$ be the antipodal point of $A$ in the circumcircle of $ABD$.
Prove that triangles $B T_C X_C$ and $C T_B X_B$ are similar.
2 replies
ariopro1387
May 27, 2025
sami1618
19 minutes ago
AT // BC wanted
parmenides51   106
N 44 minutes ago by happypi31415
Source: IMO 2019 SL G1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Circle $\Gamma$ passes through $A$, meets segments $AB$ and $AC$ again at points $D$ and $E$ respectively, and intersects segment $BC$ at $F$ and $G$ such that $F$ lies between $B$ and $G$. The tangent to circle $BDF$ at $F$ and the tangent to circle $CEG$ at $G$ meet at point $T$. Suppose that points $A$ and $T$ are distinct. Prove that line $AT$ is parallel to $BC$.

(Nigeria)
106 replies
parmenides51
Sep 22, 2020
happypi31415
44 minutes ago
Divisibility of polynomials
avatarofakato   2
N an hour ago by fe.
Source: Polish MO second round 2011
There are two given different polynomials $P(x),Q(x)$ with real coefficients such that $P(Q(x))=Q(P(x))$. Prove that $\forall n\in \mathbb{Z_{+}}$ polynomial:
\[\underbrace{P(P(\ldots P(P}_{n}(x))\ldots))- \underbrace{Q(Q(\ldots Q(Q}_{n}(x))\ldots))\]
is divisible by $P(x)-Q(x)$.
2 replies
avatarofakato
Feb 19, 2012
fe.
an hour ago
2-var inequality
sqing   16
N 2 hours ago by ytChen
Source: Own
Let $ a,b> 0 ,a^3+ab+b^3=3.$ Prove that
$$ (a+b)(a+1)(b+1) \leq 8$$$$ (a^2+b^2)(a+1)(b+1) \leq 8$$Let $ a,b> 0 ,a^3+ab(a+b)+b^3=3.$ Prove that
$$ (a+b)(a+1)(b+1) \leq \frac{3}{2}+\sqrt[3]{6}+\sqrt[3]{36}$$
16 replies
sqing
May 31, 2025
ytChen
2 hours ago
Another right angled triangle
ariopro1387   6
N 2 hours ago by sami1618
Source: Iran Team selection test 2025 - P7
Let $ABC$ be a right angled triangle with $\angle A=90$.Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $P$ be an arbitrary point on $AM$. The reflection of $BP$ over $AB$ intersects lines $AC$ and $AM$ at $T$ and $Q$, respectively. The circumcircles of $BPQ$ and $ABC$ intersect again at $F$. Prove that the center of the circumcircle of $CFT$ lies on $BQ$.
6 replies
ariopro1387
May 25, 2025
sami1618
2 hours ago
IMO Shortlist 2012, Number Theory 5
lyukhson   32
N 2 hours ago by awesomeming327.
Source: IMO Shortlist 2012, Number Theory 5
For a nonnegative integer $n$ define $\operatorname{rad}(n)=1$ if $n=0$ or $n=1$, and $\operatorname{rad}(n)=p_1p_2\cdots p_k$ where $p_1<p_2<\cdots <p_k$ are all prime factors of $n$. Find all polynomials $f(x)$ with nonnegative integer coefficients such that $\operatorname{rad}(f(n))$ divides $\operatorname{rad}(f(n^{\operatorname{rad}(n)}))$ for every nonnegative integer $n$.
32 replies
lyukhson
Jul 29, 2013
awesomeming327.
2 hours ago
Number Theory
TheMathBob   4
N 2 hours ago by fe.
Source: Polish Math Olympiad 2021 2nd round p3 day 1
Positive integers $a,b,z$ satisfy the equation $ab=z^2+1$. Prove that there exist positive integers $x,y$ such that
$$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{x^2+1}{y^2+1}$$
4 replies
TheMathBob
Feb 13, 2021
fe.
2 hours ago
IMO Shortlist 2014 N4
hajimbrak   74
N 2 hours ago by LenaEnjoyer
Let $n > 1$ be a given integer. Prove that infinitely many terms of the sequence $(a_k )_{k\ge 1}$, defined by \[a_k=\left\lfloor\frac{n^k}{k}\right\rfloor,\] are odd. (For a real number $x$, $\lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the largest integer not exceeding $x$.)

Proposed by Hong Kong
74 replies
hajimbrak
Jul 11, 2015
LenaEnjoyer
2 hours ago
USAMO 2003 Problem 1
MithsApprentice   71
N 3 hours ago by cubres
Prove that for every positive integer $n$ there exists an $n$-digit number divisible by $5^n$ all of whose digits are odd.
71 replies
MithsApprentice
Sep 27, 2005
cubres
3 hours ago
IMO ShortList 2008, Number Theory problem 2
April   40
N 4 hours ago by ezpotd
Source: IMO ShortList 2008, Number Theory problem 2, German TST 2, P2, 2009
Let $ a_1$, $ a_2$, $ \ldots$, $ a_n$ be distinct positive integers, $ n\ge 3$. Prove that there exist distinct indices $ i$ and $ j$ such that $ a_i + a_j$ does not divide any of the numbers $ 3a_1$, $ 3a_2$, $ \ldots$, $ 3a_n$.

Proposed by Mohsen Jamaali, Iran
40 replies
April
Jul 9, 2009
ezpotd
4 hours ago
A weird problem
jayme   2
N 4 hours ago by lolsamo
Dear Mathlinkers,

1. ABC a triangle
2. 0 the circumcircle
3. I the incenter
4. 1 a circle passing througn B and C
5. X, Y the second points of intersection of 1 wrt BI, CI
6. 2 the circumcircle of the triangle XYI
7. M, N the symetrics of B, C wrt XY.

Question : if 2 is tangent to 0 then, 2 is tangent to MN.

Sincerely
Jean-Louis
2 replies
jayme
Today at 6:52 AM
lolsamo
4 hours ago
Iran Team Selection Test 2016
MRF2017   9
N Apr 23, 2025 by SimplisticFormulas
Source: TST3,day1,P2
Let $ABC$ be an arbitrary triangle and $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle {ABC}$.Points $X,Y$ lie on $AB,AC$,respectively such that the reflection of $BC$ WRT $XY$ is tangent to circumcircle of $\triangle {AXY}$.Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AXY$ is tangent to circumcircle of triangle $BOC$.
9 replies
MRF2017
Jul 15, 2016
SimplisticFormulas
Apr 23, 2025
Iran Team Selection Test 2016
G H J
Source: TST3,day1,P2
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MRF2017
237 posts
#1 • 6 Y
Y by baopbc, doxuanlong15052000, Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr
Let $ABC$ be an arbitrary triangle and $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle {ABC}$.Points $X,Y$ lie on $AB,AC$,respectively such that the reflection of $BC$ WRT $XY$ is tangent to circumcircle of $\triangle {AXY}$.Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AXY$ is tangent to circumcircle of triangle $BOC$.
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baopbc
225 posts
#2 • 6 Y
Y by buratinogigle, Trafalgar0246, HECAM-CA-CEBEPA, Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247
$\textbf{Proof.}$ Let $\Omega$ be the symmetric of $\odot (AXY)$ through $XY$. Hence, $\Omega$ tangents to $BC$ at $R$.
Let $T$ be the intersection of $\odot (BRY)$ and $\odot (CRX)$. We have : $\angle BTC=\angle BYR+\angle RXC$
But from $\Omega$ is the symmetric of $(AXY)$ through $XY$ so $\angle XRY=\angle XAY.$
Hence $\angle BYR+\angle RXC=2\angle BAC=\angle BOC$ which gives $B,T,O,C$ are concyclic.
Now, by simple angle chasing and we are done. $\blacksquare$
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andria
824 posts
#3 • 4 Y
Y by rightways, soroush.MG, Tawan, Adventure10
The iranians can see my solution in the following pdf :) :
Attachments:
proof.pdf (27kb)
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Ismael10
25 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Can you clarify andria in your proof why the angle condition imply the tangent result . Thanks in advance.
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andria
824 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Ismael10 wrote:
Can you clarify andria in your proof why the angle condition imply the tangent result . Thanks in advance.

Because of the following lemma:

Lemma
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Ismael10
25 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
To prove the lemma we can consider the tangent to one of the circle at X . For the implication it is clear .
For the reciproqual, we find that the condition and the tangency for one of the circle imply the tangency to the other circle.
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nixon0630
31 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by javohirsultanov20
A really hard problem, I wouldn't have solved it without geogebra. Here's my solution:
Let the reflection of $\odot{(AXY)}$ over $\overline{XY}$ touches $\overline{BC}$ at $T$ and let $Q$ be the Miquel point of $\{X, T, Y\}$ w.r.t. $\triangle{ABC}$.
Claim. $Q$, $B$, $C$, $O$ are concyclic.
Proof.
Finally: $$\measuredangle{BCQ} + \measuredangle{QYX} = \measuredangle{TCQ} + \measuredangle{QYX} = \measuredangle{TYQ} + \measuredangle{QYX} = \measuredangle{TYQ} = \measuredangle{TYX} = \measuredangle{BTX} = \measuredangle{BQX}$$hence, $\odot{AXY}$ and $\odot{BOC}$ are tangent to each other at $Q$. $\blacksquare$
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JAnatolGT_00
559 posts
#9
Y by
Oh no, seems like I spent too much time on this, thinking that it would be harder...

Let reflection of $(AXY)$ wrt $XY$ tangents to $BC$ at $S.$ By the Miquel $(AXY),$ $(BSX),$ $(CSY)$ concur at some point $Z.$
$$\measuredangle BZC=\measuredangle BZS+\measuredangle SZC=\measuredangle XAY+\measuredangle YSX=2\measuredangle BAC\implies Z
\in (BOC),$$$$\measuredangle XZB=\measuredangle XSB=\measuredangle XYS=\measuredangle XYZ+\measuredangle ZYS=\measuredangle XZY+\measuredangle ZYS.$$Hence $(AXY),$ $(BOC)$ tangent at $Z.$
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guptaamitu1
658 posts
#10
Y by
One motivation of considering the Miquel configuration is the following:

Suppose $\overline{BC}$ is tangent to reflection of $\odot(AXY)$ in $\overline{XY}$ at $T$ ; and $Q$ is the required tangency point of $\odot(BOC)$ and $\odot(AXY)$ (notations are same as in the diagram above, post #8).If points $B,C,Y,X$ are concyclic, we are just directly done by inversion at $A$ swapping $\{B,X\}$ and $\{C,Y\}$, as it also swaps $$\odot(BOC) \longleftrightarrow  \odot(XYT) \qquad , \qquad \overline{BC} \longleftrightarrow \odot(AXY)$$In that case, $Q$ is just the image of $T$ under inversion, and the only possible way to define $Q$ without inversion or point $A$, is that
$$ Q = \odot(BXT) \cap \odot(CYT) \ne T $$So this motivates us to define $Q$ in general like that too. Luckily, we are just done after that.
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SimplisticFormulas
129 posts
#11
Y by
@above $thank$ $you$
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