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|BX-CX| \geqslant |AD - DX| in a simple construction with incircle
NO_SQUARES   0
a minute ago
Source: 239 MO 2025 8-9 p8
The incircle of a right triangle $ABC$ touches its hypotenuse $BC$ at point $D$. The line $AD$ intersects the circumscribed circle at point $X$. Prove that $ |BX-CX| \geqslant |AD - DX|$.
0 replies
NO_SQUARES
a minute ago
0 replies
Trace with minimal polynomial x^n + x - 1
Assassino9931   5
N 3 hours ago by loup blanc
Source: Vojtech Jarnik IMC 2025, Category I, P4
Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ real matrix with minimal polynomial $x^n + x - 1$. Prove that the trace of $(nA^{n-1} + I)^{-1}A^{n-2}$ is zero.
5 replies
Assassino9931
May 2, 2025
loup blanc
3 hours ago
Alternating series and integral
jestrada   5
N 3 hours ago by jestrada
Source: own
Prove that for all $\alpha\in\mathbb{R}, \alpha>-1$, we have
$$ \frac{1}{\alpha+1}-\frac{1}{\alpha+2}+\frac{1}{\alpha+3}-\frac{1}{\alpha+4}+\cdots=\int_0^1 \frac{x^{\alpha}}{x+1}  \,dx. $$
5 replies
jestrada
Saturday at 10:56 PM
jestrada
3 hours ago
Rolles theorem
sasu1ke   5
N 4 hours ago by GentlePanda24

Let \( f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) be a twice differentiable function such that
\[
f(0) = 2, \quad f'(0) = -2, \quad \text{and} \quad f(1) = 1.
\]Prove that there exists a point \( \xi \in (0, 1) \) such that
\[
f(\xi) \cdot f'(\xi) + f''(\xi) = 0.
\]

5 replies
sasu1ke
Saturday at 9:00 PM
GentlePanda24
4 hours ago
Convergent series with weight becomes divergent
P_Fazioli   3
N 4 hours ago by solyaris
Initially, my problem was : is it true that if we fix $(b_n)$ positive such that $b_n\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$, then there exists $(a_n)$ positive such that $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}a_n$ converges and $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}a_nb_n$ diverges ?

Thinking about the continuous case : if $g:\mathbb{R}_+\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is continuous, positive with $g(x)\underset{{x}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$, does $f$ continuous and positive exist on $\mathbb{R}_+$ such that $\displaystyle\int_0^{+\infty}f(x)\text{d}x$ converges and $\displaystyle\int_0^{+\infty}f(x)g(x)\text{d}x$ diverges ?

To the last question, the answer seems to be yes if $g$ is in the $\mathcal{C}^1$ class, increasing : I chose $f=\dfrac{g'}{g^2}$. With this idea, I had the idea to define $a_n=\dfrac{b_{n+1}-b_n}{b_n^2}$ but it is not clear that it is ok, even if $(b_n)$ is increasing.

Now I have some questions !

1) The main problem : is it true that if we fix $(b_n)$ positive such that $b_n\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$, then there exists $(a_n)$ positive such that $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}a_n$ converges and $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}a_nb_n$ diverges ? And if $(b_n)$ is increasing ?
2) is it true that if we fix $(b_n)$ positive increasing such that $b_n\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$
and $\frac{b_{n+1}}{b_n}\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow 1$, then $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}\left(\frac{b_{n+1}}{b_n}-1\right)$ diverges ?
3) is it true that if we fix $(b_n)$ positive increasing such that $b_n\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$
and $\frac{b_{n+1}}{b_n}\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow 1$, then $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{b_{n+1}-b_n}{b_n^2}$ converges ?
4) if $(b_n)$ is positive increasing and such that $b_n\underset{{n}\longrightarrow{+\infty}}\longrightarrow +\infty$
and $\frac{b_{n+1}}{b_n}$ does not converge to $1$, can $\displaystyle\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{b_{n+1}-b_n}{b_n^2}$ diverge ?
5) for the continuous case, is it true if we suppose $g$ only to be continuous ?

3 replies
P_Fazioli
Today at 5:37 AM
solyaris
4 hours ago
Putnam 1954 B1
sqrtX   6
N 5 hours ago by AshAuktober
Source: Putnam 1954
Show that the equation $x^2 -y^2 =a^3$ has always integral solutions for $x$ and $y$ whenever $a$ is a positive integer.
6 replies
sqrtX
Jul 17, 2022
AshAuktober
5 hours ago
Cube Colouring Problems
Saucepan_man02   1
N Today at 10:43 AM by removablesingularity
Could anyone kindly post some problems (and hopefully along the solution thread/final answer) related to combinatorial colouring of cube?
1 reply
Saucepan_man02
May 3, 2025
removablesingularity
Today at 10:43 AM
D1026 : An equivalent
Dattier   4
N Today at 4:56 AM by 3ch03s
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Let $u_0=1$ and $\forall n \in \mathbb N, u_{2n+1}=\ln(1+u_{2n}), u_{2n+2}=\sin(u_{2n+1})$.

Find an equivalent of $u_n$.
4 replies
Dattier
May 3, 2025
3ch03s
Today at 4:56 AM
Putnam 1947 B1
sqrtX   3
N Yesterday at 5:38 PM by Levieee
Source: Putnam 1947
Let $f(x)$ be a function such that $f(1)=1$ and for $x \geq 1$
$$f'(x)= \frac{1}{x^2 +f(x)^{2}}.$$Prove that
$$\lim_{x\to \infty} f(x)$$exists and is less than $1+ \frac{\pi}{4}.$
3 replies
sqrtX
Apr 3, 2022
Levieee
Yesterday at 5:38 PM
Double Sum
P162008   2
N Yesterday at 3:01 PM by Etkan
Evaluate $\sum_{a=1}^{\infty} \sum_{b=1}^{a + 2} \frac{1}{ab(a + 2)}.$
2 replies
P162008
Yesterday at 12:19 PM
Etkan
Yesterday at 3:01 PM
Summation
Saucepan_man02   4
N Yesterday at 2:47 PM by Etkan
If $P = \sum_{r=1}^{50} \sum_{k=1}^{r} (-1)^{r-1} \frac{\binom{50}{r}}{k}$, then find the value of $P$.

Ans
4 replies
Saucepan_man02
May 3, 2025
Etkan
Yesterday at 2:47 PM
Radius of circle tangent to two equal circles and a common line
rilarfer   1
N Apr 19, 2025 by Lankou
Source: ASJTNic 2005
Two circles of radius 2 are tangent to each other and to a straight line. A third circle is placed so that it is tangent to both of the other circles and also tangent to the same straight line.

What is the radius of the third circle?

IMAGE
1 reply
rilarfer
Apr 19, 2025
Lankou
Apr 19, 2025
Radius of circle tangent to two equal circles and a common line
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Source: ASJTNic 2005
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rilarfer
26 posts
#1
Y by
Two circles of radius 2 are tangent to each other and to a straight line. A third circle is placed so that it is tangent to both of the other circles and also tangent to the same straight line.

What is the radius of the third circle?

[asy]
size(150);
draw((-1,0)--(3,0)); // ground line
draw(circle((0,1),1)); // left big circle
draw(circle((2,1),1)); // right big circle
draw(circle((1,0.25),0.25)); // small circle in between
[/asy]
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Lankou
1396 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by teomihai
We have the relation $(2+r)^2=(2-r)^2+2^2$; $r=\frac{1}{2}$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Lankou, Apr 19, 2025, 7:08 PM
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