Difference between revisions of "2020 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 20"
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== Problem == | == Problem == | ||
− | Quadrilateral ABCD satisfies <math>\angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20,</math> and <math>CD=30.</math> Diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math> intersect at point <math>E,</math> and <math>AE=5.</math> What is the area of quadrilateral <math>ABCD?</math> | + | Quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> satisfies <math>\angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20,</math> and <math>CD=30.</math> Diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math> intersect at point <math>E,</math> and <math>AE=5.</math> What is the area of quadrilateral <math>ABCD?</math> |
<math>\textbf{(A) } 330 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 340 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 350 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 370</math> | <math>\textbf{(A) } 330 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 340 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 350 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 370</math> | ||
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</asy> | </asy> | ||
− | It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since <math>AC=20</math> and <math>CD=30</math>, we get <math>[ACD]=300</math>. Now we need to find <math>[ABC]</math> to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> and call the point of intersection <math>F</math>. Let <math>FE=x</math>. Since <math>AE=5</math>, then <math>AF=5-x</math>. | + | It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since <math>AC=20</math> and <math>CD=30</math>, we get <math>[ACD]=300</math>. Now we need to find <math>[ABC]</math> to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> and call the point of intersection <math>F</math>. Let <math>FE=x</math>. Since <math>AE=5</math>, then <math>AF=5-x</math>. |
+ | By dropping this altitude, we can also see two similar triangles, <math>\triangle BFE \sim \triangle DCE</math>. Since <math>EC</math> is <math>20-5=15</math>, and <math>DC=30</math>, we get that <math>BF=2x</math>. | ||
+ | Now, if we redraw another diagram just of <math>ABC</math>, we get that <math>(2x)^2=(5-x)(15+x)</math> because of the altitude geometric mean theorem which states that in any right triangle, the altitude squared is equal to the product of the two lengths that it divides the base into. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Expanding, simplifying, and dividing by the GCF, we get <math>x^2+2x-15=0</math>. This factors to <math>(x+5)(x-3)</math>. Since lengths cannot be negative, <math>x=3</math>. Since <math>x=3</math>, that means the altitude <math>BF=2\cdot3=6</math>, or <math>[ABC]=60</math>. Thus <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=300+60=\boxed {\textbf{(D) }360}</math> | ||
~ Solution by Ultraman | ~ Solution by Ultraman | ||
~ Diagram by ciceronii | ~ Diagram by ciceronii | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~ Formatting by BakedPotato66 | ||
==Solution 2 (Coordinates)== | ==Solution 2 (Coordinates)== | ||
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~tigershark22 | ~tigershark22 | ||
− | ==Solution 5 ( | + | ==Solution 5 (Law of Cosines)== |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
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~qwertysri987 | ~qwertysri987 | ||
− | ==Solution 6 ( | + | ==Solution 6 (Basic Vectors / Coordinates)== |
Let <math>C = (0, 0)</math> and <math>D = (0, 30)</math>. Then <math>E = (-15, 0), A = (-20, 0),</math> and <math>B</math> lies on the line <math>y=2x+30.</math> So the coordinates of <math>B</math> are <cmath>(x, 2x+30).</cmath> | Let <math>C = (0, 0)</math> and <math>D = (0, 30)</math>. Then <math>E = (-15, 0), A = (-20, 0),</math> and <math>B</math> lies on the line <math>y=2x+30.</math> So the coordinates of <math>B</math> are <cmath>(x, 2x+30).</cmath> | ||
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-PureSwag | -PureSwag | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 7 (Power of a Point/No quadratics)== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | import olympiad; | ||
+ | pair A = (0, 189), B = (0,0), C = (570,0), D = (798, 798),F=(285,94.5),G=(361.2,361.2); | ||
+ | dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, S); dot("$C$", C, E); dot("$D$", D, N);dot("$E$",(140, 140), N);dot("$F$",F,N);dot("$G$",G,N); | ||
+ | draw(A--B--C--D--A); | ||
+ | draw(A--C, dotted); draw(B--D, dotted); draw(F--G, dotted); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>F</math> be the midpoint of <math>AC</math>, and draw <math>FG // CD</math> where <math>G</math> is on <math>BD</math>. We have <math>EF=5,FC=10</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\Delta EFG \sim \Delta ECD \implies FG=10=FA=FC</math>. Therefore <math>ABCG</math> is a cyclic quadrilateral. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notice that <math>\angle EFG=90^\circ, EG=\sqrt{5^2+10^2}=5\sqrt{5} \implies BE=\frac{AE\cdot EC}{EG}=\frac{5\cdot 15}{5\sqrt{5}}=3\sqrt{5}</math> via Power of a Point. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> is then equal to <math>GF\cdot \frac{BE}{GE}=10\cdot \frac{3\sqrt 5}{5 \sqrt 5}=6</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Finally, the total area of <math>ABCD</math> is equal to <math>\frac 12 \cdot 20 \left(30+6 \right) =\boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~asops | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 8 (Solving Equations)== | ||
+ | |||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | size(15cm,0); | ||
+ | import olympiad; | ||
+ | draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle); | ||
+ | label("A", (0,2), NW); | ||
+ | label("B", (0,0), SW); | ||
+ | label("C", (4,0), SE); | ||
+ | label("D", (6,4), NE); | ||
+ | label("E", (1.714,1.143), N); | ||
+ | label("F", (1.714,0), SE); | ||
+ | draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed); | ||
+ | draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed); | ||
+ | draw((1.714,1.143)--(1.714,0), dashed); | ||
+ | label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW); | ||
+ | label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE); | ||
+ | label("$x$", (-0.3,2)--(-0.3,0), N); | ||
+ | label("$y$", (0,-0.3)--(4,-0.3), E); | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark((1.714,2),(1.714,0),(5.714,0))); | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0))); | ||
+ | draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4))); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>AB = x</math>, <math>BC = y</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Looking at the diagram we have <math>x^2 + y^2 = 20^2</math>, | ||
+ | <math>DE = \sqrt{30^2+15^2} = 15\sqrt{5}</math>, <math>[ACD] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 20 \cdot 30 = 300</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because <math>\triangle CEF \sim \triangle CAB</math>, <math>EF = AB \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = x \cdot \frac{15}{20} = \frac{3x}{4}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>BF = BC - CF = BC - BC \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = \frac{1}{4} \cdot BC = \frac{y}{4}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>BE = \sqrt{ \left( \frac{3x}{4} \right) ^2 + \left( \frac{y}{4} \right) ^2 } = \frac{ \sqrt{9x^2 + y^2} }{4}</math> , substituting <math>x^2 + y^2 = 400</math>, we get <math>BE = \frac{ \sqrt{8x^2 + 400} }{4} = \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} }{2}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because <math>\triangle ABC</math> and <math>\triangle ACD</math> share the same base, <math>\frac{[ABC]}{[ACD]} = \frac{BE}{DE}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>[ABC] = [ACD] \cdot \frac{BE}{DE} = 300 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ 15 \sqrt{5} }</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y = 20 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ \sqrt{5} }</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>xy = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | By <math>x^2 + y^2 = 400</math>, <math>y = \sqrt{400 - x^2}</math>. So, <math>x \cdot \sqrt{400 - x^2} = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>x^2 (400 - x^2) = 16 (10x^2 + 500)</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>x^2 = a</math>, <math>a (400 - a) = 16 (10a + 500)</math>, <math>400a - a^2 = 160a + 8000</math>, <math>a^2 - 240a + 8000 = 0</math>, <math>(a-200)(a-40) = 0</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because <math>x < 20</math>, <math>a</math> can only equal 40. <math>a = 40</math>, <math>x = 2 \sqrt{10}</math>, <math>y = 6 \sqrt{10}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \sqrt{10} \cdot 6 \sqrt{10} = 60</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>[ABCD] = [ABC] + [ACD] = 60 + 300 = \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~[https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/User:Isabelchen isabelchen] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 9== | ||
+ | Drop perpendiculars <math>\overline{AF}</math> and <math>\overline{CG}</math> to <math>\overline{BD}.</math> Notice that since <math>\angle AEF=\angle CEG</math> (since they are vertical angles) and <math>\angle AFE=\angle CGE=90^\circ,</math> triangles <math>AEF</math> and <math>CEG</math> are similar. Therefore, we have | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>x/EF=CE/AE=15/5=3,</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | where <math>EG=x.</math> Therefore, <math>EF=x/3.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Additionally, angle chasing shows that triangles <math>CEG</math> and <math>DCG</math> are also similar. This gives <math>CG/x=DC/CE=30/15=2,</math> so <math>CG=2x.</math> Thus, applying the Pythagorean Theorem to triangle <math>CEG</math> gives | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>x^2+(2x)^2=15^2,</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | so <math>EG=x=3\sqrt 5.</math> Our pairs of similar triangles then allow us to fill in the following lengths (in this order): | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>EF=x/3=\sqrt 5, CG=2x=6\sqrt 5, AF=CG/3=2\sqrt 5, DG=2\cdot CG=12\sqrt 5.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now, let <math>BF=y.</math> Angle chasing shows that triangle <math>ABF</math> and <math>BCG</math> are similar, so <math>BG/AF=CG/BF.</math> Plugging in known lengths gives | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\dfrac{y+4\sqrt 5}{2\sqrt 5}=\dfrac{6\sqrt 5}{y}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | This gives <math>y=2\sqrt 5.</math> Now we know all the lengths that make up <math>BD,</math> which allows us to find | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>BD=2\sqrt 5+\sqrt 5+3\sqrt 5+12\sqrt 5=18\sqrt 5.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\begin{align*} | ||
+ | [ABCD] &= [ABD]+[CBD] \\ | ||
+ | &= (BD)(AF)/2+(BD)(CG)/2 \\ | ||
+ | &= (18\sqrt 5)(2\sqrt 5)/2+(18\sqrt 5)(6\sqrt 5)/2 \\ | ||
+ | &= \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}. | ||
+ | \end{align*}</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | --vaporwave | ||
==Video Solutions== | ==Video Solutions== | ||
===Video Solution 1=== | ===Video Solution 1=== | ||
− | + | Education, The Study of Everything | |
+ | https://youtu.be/5lb8kk1qbaA | ||
− | |||
===Video Solution 2=== | ===Video Solution 2=== | ||
− | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= | + | On The Spot STEM |
+ | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIdNde2Vln4 | ||
===Video Solution 3=== | ===Video Solution 3=== | ||
− | + | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHrjx968ZaM&list=PLLCzevlMcsWNcTZEaxHe8VaccrhubDOlQ&index=2 ~ MathEx | |
− | |||
===Video Solution 4=== | ===Video Solution 4=== | ||
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===Video Solution 5=== | ===Video Solution 5=== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
https://youtu.be/R220vbM_my8?t=658 | https://youtu.be/R220vbM_my8?t=658 | ||
Revision as of 19:21, 15 May 2022
- The following problem is from both the 2020 AMC 12A #18 and 2020 AMC 10A #20, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
- 1 Problem
- 2 Solution 1 (Just Drop An Altitude)
- 3 Solution 2 (Coordinates)
- 4 Solution 3 (Trigonometry)
- 5 Solution 4 (Answer Choices)
- 6 Solution 5 (Law of Cosines)
- 7 Solution 6 (Basic Vectors / Coordinates)
- 8 Solution 7 (Power of a Point/No quadratics)
- 9 Solution 8 (Solving Equations)
- 10 Solution 9
- 11 Video Solutions
- 12 See Also
Problem
Quadrilateral satisfies and Diagonals and intersect at point and What is the area of quadrilateral
Solution 1 (Just Drop An Altitude)
It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since and , we get . Now we need to find to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from to and call the point of intersection . Let . Since , then .
By dropping this altitude, we can also see two similar triangles, . Since is , and , we get that .
Now, if we redraw another diagram just of , we get that because of the altitude geometric mean theorem which states that in any right triangle, the altitude squared is equal to the product of the two lengths that it divides the base into.
Expanding, simplifying, and dividing by the GCF, we get . This factors to . Since lengths cannot be negative, . Since , that means the altitude , or . Thus
~ Solution by Ultraman
~ Diagram by ciceronii
~ Formatting by BakedPotato66
Solution 2 (Coordinates)
Let the points be , , , ,and , respectively. Since lies on line , we know that . Furthermore, since , lies on the circle with diameter , so . Solving for and with these equations, we get the solutions and . We immediately discard the solution as should be negative. Thus, we conclude that .
Solution 3 (Trigonometry)
Let and Using Law of Sines on we get and LoS on yields Divide the two to get Now, and solve the quadratic, taking the positive solution (C is acute) to get So if then and By Pythagorean Theorem, and the answer is
(This solution is incomplete, can someone complete it please-Lingjun) ok Latex edited by kc5170
We could use the famous m-n rule in trigonometry in with Point [Unable to write it here.Could anybody write the expression] . We will find that is an angle bisector of (because we will get ). Therefore by converse of angle bisector theorem . By using Pythagorean theorem, we have values of and . Computing . Adding the areas of and , hence the answer is .
By: Math-Amaze Latex: Catoptrics.
Solution 4 (Answer Choices)
We know that the big triangle has area 300. Using the answer choices would mean that the area of the little triangle is a multiple of 10. Thus the product of the legs is a multiple of 20. We guess that the legs are equal to and , and because the hypotenuse is 20 we get . Testing small numbers, we get that when and , is indeed a square. The area of the triangle is thus , so the answer is .
~tigershark22
Solution 5 (Law of Cosines)
Denote as . By the Law of Cosine:
Adding these up yields: By the quadratic formula, .
Observe: .
Thus the desired area is
~qwertysri987
Solution 6 (Basic Vectors / Coordinates)
Let and . Then and lies on the line So the coordinates of are
We can make this a vector problem. We notice that point forms a right angle, meaning vectors and are orthogonal, and their dot-product is .
We determine and to be and , respectively. (To get this, we use the fact that and similarly, )
Equating the cross-product to gets us the quadratic The solutions are Since clearly has a more negative x-coordinate than , we take . So
From here, there are multiple ways to get the area of to be , and since the area of is , we get our final answer to be
-PureSwag
Solution 7 (Power of a Point/No quadratics)
Let be the midpoint of , and draw where is on . We have .
. Therefore is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Notice that via Power of a Point.
The altitude from to is then equal to .
Finally, the total area of is equal to
~asops
Solution 8 (Solving Equations)
Let ,
Looking at the diagram we have , ,
Because ,
, substituting , we get
Because and share the same base,
By , . So,
Let , , , ,
Because , can only equal 40. , ,
Solution 9
Drop perpendiculars and to Notice that since (since they are vertical angles) and triangles and are similar. Therefore, we have
where Therefore,
Additionally, angle chasing shows that triangles and are also similar. This gives so Thus, applying the Pythagorean Theorem to triangle gives
so Our pairs of similar triangles then allow us to fill in the following lengths (in this order):
Now, let Angle chasing shows that triangle and are similar, so Plugging in known lengths gives
This gives Now we know all the lengths that make up which allows us to find
Therefore,
--vaporwave
Video Solutions
Video Solution 1
Education, The Study of Everything https://youtu.be/5lb8kk1qbaA
Video Solution 2
On The Spot STEM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIdNde2Vln4
Video Solution 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHrjx968ZaM&list=PLLCzevlMcsWNcTZEaxHe8VaccrhubDOlQ&index=2 ~ MathEx
Video Solution 4
The Beauty Of Math https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKlG6oZq9so&ab_channel=TheBeautyofMath
Video Solution 5
https://youtu.be/R220vbM_my8?t=658
(amritvignesh0719062.0)
See Also
2020 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 19 |
Followed by Problem 21 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2020 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 17 |
Followed by Problem 19 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.