Difference between revisions of "2020 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 21"
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First, substitute <math>2^{17}</math> with <math>x</math>. | First, substitute <math>2^{17}</math> with <math>x</math>. | ||
Then, the given equation becomes <math>\frac{x^{17}+1}{x+1}=x^{16}-x^{15}+x^{14}...-x^1+x^0</math>. | Then, the given equation becomes <math>\frac{x^{17}+1}{x+1}=x^{16}-x^{15}+x^{14}...-x^1+x^0</math>. | ||
− | Now consider only <math>x^{16}-x^{15}</math>. This equals <math>x^{15}(x-1)=x^{15} | + | Now consider only <math>x^{16}-x^{15}</math>. This equals <math>x^{15}(x-1)=x^{15} \cdot (2^{17}-1)</math>. |
Note that <math>2^{17}-1</math> equals <math>2^{16}+2^{15}+...+1</math>, since the sum of a geometric sequence is <math>\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}</math>. | Note that <math>2^{17}-1</math> equals <math>2^{16}+2^{15}+...+1</math>, since the sum of a geometric sequence is <math>\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}</math>. | ||
Thus, we can see that <math>x^{16}-x^{15}</math> forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. | Thus, we can see that <math>x^{16}-x^{15}</math> forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. | ||
− | Applying the same method to each of <math>x^{14}-x^{13}</math>, <math>x^{12}-x^{11}</math>, ... , <math>x^{2}-x^{1}</math>, we can see that each of the pairs forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. This gives us <math>17 | + | Applying the same method to each of <math>x^{14}-x^{13}</math>, <math>x^{12}-x^{11}</math>, ... , <math>x^{2}-x^{1}</math>, we can see that each of the pairs forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. This gives us <math>17 \cdot 8=136</math>. |
But we must count also the <math>x^0</math> term. | But we must count also the <math>x^0</math> term. | ||
Thus, Our answer is <math>136+1=\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 137}</math>. | Thus, Our answer is <math>136+1=\boxed{\textbf{(C) } 137}</math>. | ||
~seanyoon777 | ~seanyoon777 | ||
+ | ~Puck_0 (Minor LaTeX Edits) | ||
== Solution 2 (Intuitive) == | == Solution 2 (Intuitive) == |
Revision as of 12:12, 8 November 2022
- The following problem is from both the 2020 AMC 12A #19 and 2020 AMC 10A #21, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
[hide]Problem
There exists a unique strictly increasing sequence of nonnegative integers such thatWhat is
Solution 1
First, substitute with . Then, the given equation becomes . Now consider only . This equals . Note that equals , since the sum of a geometric sequence is . Thus, we can see that forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. Applying the same method to each of , , ... , , we can see that each of the pairs forms the sum of 17 different powers of 2. This gives us . But we must count also the term. Thus, Our answer is .
~seanyoon777 ~Puck_0 (Minor LaTeX Edits)
Solution 2 (Intuitive)
Multiply both sides by to get
Notice that , since there is a on the LHS. However, now we have an extra term of on the right from . To cancel it, we let . The two 's now combine into a term of , so we let . And so on, until we get to . Now everything we don't want telescopes into . We already have that term since we let . Everything from now on will automatically telescope to . So we let be .
As you can see, we will have to add 's at a time, then "wait" for the sum to automatically telescope for the next numbers, etc, until we get to . We only need to add 's between odd multiples of and even multiples. The largest even multiple of below is , so we will have to add a total of 's. However, we must not forget we let at the beginning, so our answer is .
Solution 3
In order to shorten expressions, will represent consecutive s when expressing numbers.
Think of the problem in binary. We have
Note that
and
Since
this means that
so
Expressing each of the pairs of the form in binary, we have
or
This means that each pair has terms of the form .
Since there are of these pairs, there are a total of terms. Accounting for the term, which was not in the pair, we have a total of terms. ~emerald_block
Solution 4 (Answer choices)
An odd number divided by an odd number is always odd; therefore, the smallest number in the final sequence must be . Also observe that and are the only consecutive answer choices. It's likely that students might forget to include in their final sequence, so must be planted as a pitfall for those students; in that case, must be the answer.
~ ihatemath123
Video Solutions
Video Solution 1 (Simple)
~Education The Study of Everything
Video Solution 2 (Richard Rusczyk)
https://artofproblemsolving.com/videos/amc/2020amc10a/511
Video Solution 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsCOVzhjUtE&list=PLLCzevlMcsWNcTZEaxHe8VaccrhubDOlQ&index=3 ~ MathEx
Video Solution 4
~IceMatrix
Video Solution 5
~savannahsolver
See Also
2020 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 20 |
Followed by Problem 22 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
2020 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 18 |
Followed by Problem 20 |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.