Difference between revisions of "2019 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 23"

Revision as of 09:45, 29 October 2023

The following problem is from both the 2019 AMC 10B #23 and 2019 AMC 12B #20, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Points $A=(6,13)$ and $B=(12,11)$ lie on circle $\omega$ in the plane. Suppose that the tangent lines to $\omega$ at $A$ and $B$ intersect at a point on the $x$ -axis. What is the area of $\omega$ ?

$\textbf{(A) }\frac{83\pi}{8}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{21\pi}{2}\qquad\textbf{(C) } \frac{85\pi}{8}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{43\pi}{4}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{87\pi}{8}$

Solution 1

First, observe that the two tangent lines are of identical length. Therefore, supposing that the point of intersection is $(x, 0)$ , the Pythagorean Theorem gives $\sqrt{(x-6)^2 + 13^2} = \sqrt{(x-12)^2 + 11^2}$ . This simplifies to $x = 5$ .

Further, notice (due to the right angles formed by a radius and its tangent line) that the quadrilateral (a kite) $AOBX$ is cyclic.

Therefore, we can apply Ptolemy's Theorem to give:

$2\sqrt{170}r = d \sqrt{40}$ , where $r$ is the radius of the circle and $d$ is the distance between the circle's center and $(5, 0)$ . Therefore, $d = \sqrt{17}r$ .

Using the Pythagorean Theorem on the right triangle $OAX$ (or $OBX$ ), we find that $170 + r^2 = 17r^2$ , so $r^2 = \frac{85}{8}$ , and thus the area of the circle is $\boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}$ .

Diagram for Solution 1

~BakedPotato66

Solution 2 (coordinate bash)

We firstly obtain $x=5$ as in Solution 1. Label the point $(5,0)$ as $C$ . The midpoint $M$ of segment $AB$ is $(9, 12)$ . Notice that the center of the circle must lie on the line passing through the points $C$ and $M$ . Thus, the center of the circle lies on the line $y=3x-15$ .

Line $AC$ is $y=13x-65$ . Therefore, the slope of the line perpendicular to $AC$ is $-\frac{1}{13}$ , so its equation is $y=-\frac{x}{13}+\frac{175}{13}$ .

But notice that this line must pass through $A(6, 13)$ and $(x, 3x-15)$ . Hence $3x-15=-\frac{x}{13}+\frac{175}{13} \Rightarrow x=\frac{37}{4}$ . So the center of the circle is $\left(\frac{37}{4}, \frac{51}{4}\right)$ .

Finally, the distance between the center, $\left(\frac{37}{4}, \frac{51}{4}\right)$ , and point $A$ is $\frac{\sqrt{170}}{4}$ . Thus the area of the circle is $\boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}$ .

Solution 3

The midpoint of $AB$ is $D(9,12)$ . Let the tangent lines at $A$ and $B$ intersect at $C(a,0)$ on the $x$ -axis. Then $CD$ is the perpendicular bisector of $AB$ . Let the center of the circle be $O$ . Then $\triangle AOC$ is similar to $\triangle DAC$ , so $\frac{OA}{AC} = \frac{AD}{DC}$ . The slope of $AB$ is $\frac{13-11}{6-12}=\frac{-1}{3}$ , so the slope of $CD$ is $3$ . Hence, the equation of $CD$ is $y-12=3(x-9) \Rightarrow y=3x-15$ . Letting $y=0$ , we have $x=5$ , so $C = (5,0)$ .

Now, we compute $AC=\sqrt{(6-5)^2+(13-0)^2}=\sqrt{170}$ , $AD=\sqrt{(6-9)^2+(13-12)^2}=\sqrt{10}$ , and $DC=\sqrt{(9-5)^2+(12-0)^2}=\sqrt{160}$ .

Therefore $OA = \frac{AC\cdot AD}{DC}=\sqrt{\frac{85}{8}}$ , and consequently, the area of the circle is $\pi\cdot OA^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}$ .

Solution 4 (how fast can you multiply two-digit numbers?)

Let $(x,0)$ be the intersection on the x-axis. By Power of a Point Theorem, $(x-6)^2+13^2=(x-12)^2+11^2\implies x=5$ . Then the equations for the tangent lines passing $A$ and $B$ , respectively, are $13(x-6)+13=y$ and $\frac{11}{7}(x-12)+11=y$ . Then the lines normal (perpendicular) to them are $-\frac{1}{13}(x-6)+13=y$ and $-\frac{7}{11}(x-12)+11=y$ . Solving for $x$ , we have

$-\frac{7}{11}(x-12)+11=-\frac{1}{13}(x-6)+13$ $\frac{13\cdot7x-11x}{13\cdot11}=\frac{84\cdot13-6\cdot11-2\cdot11\cdot13}{11\cdot13}$ $13\cdot7x-11x=84\cdot13-6\cdot11-2\cdot11\cdot13$

After condensing, $x=\frac{37}{4}$ . Then, the center of $\omega$ is $\left(\frac{37}{4}, \frac{51}{4}\right)$ . Apply distance formula. WLOG, assume you use $A$ . Then, the area of $\omega$ is $\left(\sqrt{\frac{1^2}{4^2}+\frac{13^2}{4^2}}\right)^2\pi=\frac{170\pi}{16} \implies \boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}.$

Video Solution

For those who want a video solution: (Is similar to Solution 1) https://youtu.be/WI2NVuIp1Ik

Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath

https://youtu.be/W1zuqrTlBtU

~IceMatrix

Video Solution by The Power of Logic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQIWSrio_Hc

~The Power of Logic

Solution 5 (tangent cheese)

After getting $x=5$ , let $C=(5,0)$ . Get the slopes of the lines $AC$ and $BC$ , namely $\frac{13}{6-5}=13$ , $\frac{11}{12-5}=\frac{11}{7}$ . Then, use tangent angle subtraction to get $\tan{2x}=\frac{13-\frac{11}{7}}{1+13*\frac{11}{7}}=\frac{80}{150}=\frac{8}{15}$ . Then, apply tangent double angle to get $\tan{2x}=\frac{8}{15}=\frac{2y}{1-y^2}$ , where $y=tan{x}$ . Solving, we obtain $y=\frac{1}{4}$ . Then, note that $y=R/{BC}$ , so $r=\frac{1}{4}*\sqrt{170}$ . Finishing off, we obtain $A=\pi*r^2=\pi*170/16=\boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}$ .

~SigmaPiE

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 ~The Power of Logic
+==Solution 5 (tangent cheese)==
+After getting <math>x=5</math>, let <math>C=(5,0)</math>. Get the slopes of the lines <math>AC</math> and <math>BC</math>, namely <math>\frac{13}{6-5}=13</math>, <math>\frac{11}{12-5}=\frac{11}{7}</math>. Then, use tangent angle subtraction to get <math>\tan{2x}=\frac{13-\frac{11}{7}}{1+13*\frac{11}{7}}=\frac{80}{150}=\frac{8}{15}</math>. Then, apply tangent double angle to get <math>\tan{2x}=\frac{8}{15}=\frac{2y}{1-y^2}</math>, where <math>y=tan{x}</math>. Solving, we obtain <math>y=\frac{1}{4}</math>. Then, note that <math>y=R/{BC}</math>, so <math>r=\frac{1}{4}*\sqrt{170}</math>. Finishing off, we obtain <math>A=\pi*r^2=\pi*170/16=\boxed{\textbf{(C) }\frac{85}{8}\pi}</math>.
+~SigmaPiE
 ==See Also==

2019 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 22	Followed by Problem 24
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

2019 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 19	Followed by Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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