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Difference between revisions of "2020 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 20"

(→‎Solution 4 (Trignometry))
 
(94 intermediate revisions by 43 users not shown)
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{{duplicate|[[2020 AMC 12A Problems|2020 AMC 12A #18]] and [[2020 AMC 10A Problems|2020 AMC 10A #20]]}}
 +
 
== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
 
Quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> satisfies <math>\angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20,</math> and <math>CD=30.</math> Diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math> intersect at point <math>E,</math> and <math>AE=5.</math> What is the area of quadrilateral <math>ABCD?</math>
 
Quadrilateral <math>ABCD</math> satisfies <math>\angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20,</math> and <math>CD=30.</math> Diagonals <math>\overline{AC}</math> and <math>\overline{BD}</math> intersect at point <math>E,</math> and <math>AE=5.</math> What is the area of quadrilateral <math>ABCD?</math>
Line 4: Line 6:
 
<math>\textbf{(A) } 330 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 340 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 350 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 370</math>
 
<math>\textbf{(A) } 330 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 340 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 350 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 370</math>
  
−
== Solution 1 (Just Drop An Altitude)==
+
== Solution 1 ==
−
It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since <math>AC=20</math> and <math>CD=30</math>, we get <math>[ACD]=300</math>. Now we need to find <math>[ABC]</math> to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> and call the point of intersection <math>F</math>. Let <math>FE=x</math>. Since <math>AE=5</math>, then <math>AF=5-x</math>. By dropping this altitude, we can also see two similar triangles, <math>BFE</math> and <math>DCE</math>. Since <math>EC</math> is <math>20-5=15</math>, and <math>DC=30</math>, we get that <math>BF=2x</math>. Now, if we redraw another diagram just of <math>ABC</math>, we get that <math>(2x)^2=(5-x)(15+x)</math>. Now expanding, simplifying, and dividing by the GCF, we get <math>x^2+2x-15=0</math>. This factors to <math>(x+5)(x-3)</math>. Since lengths cannot be negative, <math>x=3</math>. Since <math>x=3</math>, <math>[ABC]=60</math>. So <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=300+60=\boxed {\textbf{D) }360}</math>
+
 
 +
<asy>
 +
size(15cm,0);
 +
import olympiad;
 +
draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle);
 +
label("A", (0,2), NW);
 +
label("B", (0,0), SW);
 +
label("C", (4,0), SE);
 +
label("D", (6,4), NE);
 +
label("E", (1.714,1.143), N);
 +
label("F", (1,1.5), N);
 +
draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed);
 +
draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed);
 +
draw((0,0)--(1,1.5), dashed);
 +
label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW);
 +
label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE);
 +
label("$x$", (1,1.5)--(1.714,1.143), NE);
 +
label("5$-$$x$", (1,1.5)--(0,2), NE);
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,0),(1,1.5),(0,2)));
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since <math>AC=20</math> and <math>CD=30</math>, we get <math>[ACD]=300</math>. Now we need to find <math>[ABC]</math> to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> and call the point of intersection <math>F</math>. Let <math>FE=x</math>. Since <math>AE=5</math>, then <math>AF=5-x</math>.  
  
−
(I'm very sorry if you're a visual learner)
+
By dropping this altitude, we can also see two similar triangles, <math>\triangle BFE \sim \triangle DCE</math>. Since <math>EC</math> is <math>20-5=15</math>, and <math>DC=30</math>, we get that <math>BF=2x</math>.
  
−
~Ultraman
+
Now, if we redraw another diagram just of <math>ABC</math>, we get that <math>(2x)^2=(5-x)(15+x)</math> because of the altitude geometric mean theorem which states that in any right triangle, the altitude squared is equal to the product of the two lengths that it divides the base into.
  
−
==Solution 2 (Pro Guessing Strats)==
+
Expanding, simplifying, and dividing by the GCF, we get <math>x^2+2x-15=0</math>. This factors to <math>(x+5)(x-3)</math>, which has roots of <math>x=-5, 3</math>. Since lengths cannot be negative, <math>x=3</math>. Since <math>x=3</math>, that means the altitude <math>BF=2\cdot3=6</math>, or <math>[ABC]=60</math>. Thus <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=300+60=\boxed {\textbf{(D) }360}</math>
−
We know that the big triangle has area 300. Use the answer choices which would mean that the area of the little triangle is a multiple of 10. Thus the product of the legs is a multiple of 20. Guess that the legs are equal to <math>\sqrt{20a}</math> and <math>\sqrt{20b}</math>, and because the hypotenuse is 20 we get <math>a+b=20</math>. Testing small numbers, we get that when <math>a=2</math> and <math>b=18</math>, <math>ab</math> is indeed a square. The area of the triangle is thus 60, so the answer is <math>\boxed {\textbf{D) }360}</math>.
 
  
−
~tigershark22
+
~ Solution by Ultraman
−
~(edited by HappyHuman)
+
~ Diagram by ciceronii
  
−
==Solution 3 (coordinates)==
+
==Solution 2 (Coordinates)==
 
<asy>
 
<asy>
 +
size(10cm,0);
 
draw((10,30)--(10,0)--(-8,-6)--(-10,0)--(10,30));
 
draw((10,30)--(10,0)--(-8,-6)--(-10,0)--(10,30));
 +
draw((-20,0)--(20,0));
 +
draw((0,-15)--(0,35));
 +
draw((10,30)--(-8,-6));
 
draw(circle((0,0),10));
 
draw(circle((0,0),10));
−
label("D",(10,30),N);
+
label("E",(-4.05,-.25),S);
−
label("C",(10,0),E);
+
label("D",(10,30),NE);
−
label("B",(-8,-6),S);
+
label("C",(10,0),NE);
−
label("A",(-10,0),W);
+
label("B",(-8,-6),SW);
 +
label("A",(-10,0),NW);
 +
label("5",(-10,0)--(-5,0), NE);
 +
label("15",(-5,0)--(10,0), N);
 +
label("30",(10,0)--(10,30), E);
 +
dot((-5,0));
 +
dot((-10,0));
 +
dot((-8,-6));
 +
dot((10,0));
 +
dot((10,30));
 
</asy>
 
</asy>
 
Let the points be <math>A(-10,0)</math>, <math>\:B(x,y)</math>, <math>\:C(10,0)</math>, <math>\:D(10,30)</math>,and <math>\:E(-5,0)</math>, respectively. Since <math>B</math> lies on line <math>DE</math>, we know that <math>y=2x+10</math>. Furthermore, since <math>\angle{ABC}=90^\circ</math>, <math>B</math> lies on the circle with diameter <math>AC</math>, so <math>x^2+y^2=100</math>. Solving for <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> with these equations, we get the solutions <math>(0,10)</math> and <math>(-8,-6)</math>. We immediately discard the <math>(0,10)</math> solution as <math>y</math> should be negative. Thus, we conclude that <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=\frac{20\cdot30}{2}+\frac{20\cdot6}{2}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\:360}</math>.
 
Let the points be <math>A(-10,0)</math>, <math>\:B(x,y)</math>, <math>\:C(10,0)</math>, <math>\:D(10,30)</math>,and <math>\:E(-5,0)</math>, respectively. Since <math>B</math> lies on line <math>DE</math>, we know that <math>y=2x+10</math>. Furthermore, since <math>\angle{ABC}=90^\circ</math>, <math>B</math> lies on the circle with diameter <math>AC</math>, so <math>x^2+y^2=100</math>. Solving for <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> with these equations, we get the solutions <math>(0,10)</math> and <math>(-8,-6)</math>. We immediately discard the <math>(0,10)</math> solution as <math>y</math> should be negative. Thus, we conclude that <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=\frac{20\cdot30}{2}+\frac{20\cdot6}{2}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\:360}</math>.
  
−
==Solution 4 (Trignometry)==
+
==Solution 3 (Trigonometry)==
−
Using the law of cosines, express <math>AB^2</math> and <math>BC^2</math> in terms of <math>\angle{AEB}</math>. The sum of these two equations is <math>AC^2</math> by the Pythagorean Theorem. Solving for <math>BE</math>, we find <math>BE=3\sqrt5</math>. Since <math>EC=15</math> and <math>DC=30</math>, <math>DE=15\sqrt3</math>, which is five times <math>BE</math>, <math>[ABCD]=[ACD]+\frac{1}/{5}[ACD]=300+60=\boxed {\textbf{D) }360}</math>
+
Let <math>\angle C = \angle{ACB}</math> and <math>\angle{B} = \angle{CBE}.</math> Using Law of Sines on <math>\triangle{BCE}</math> we get <cmath>\dfrac{BE}{\sin{C}} = \dfrac{CE}{\sin{B}} = \dfrac{15}{\sin{B}}</cmath> and LoS on <math>\triangle{ABE}</math> yields <cmath>\dfrac{BE}{\sin{(90 - C)}} = \dfrac{5}{\sin{(90 - B)}} = \dfrac{BE}{\cos{C}} = \dfrac{5}{\cos{B}}.</cmath> Divide the two to get <math>\tan{B} = 3 \tan{C}.</math> Now, <cmath>\tan{\angle{CED}} = 2 = \tan{\angle{B} + \angle{C}} = \dfrac{4 \tan{C}}{1 - 3\tan^2{C}}</cmath> and solve the quadratic, taking the positive solution (C is acute) to get <math>\tan{C} = \frac{1}{3}.</math> So if <math>AB = a,</math> then <math>BC = 3a</math> and <math>[ABC] = \frac{3a^2}{2}.</math> By Pythagorean Theorem, <math>10a^2 = 400 \iff \frac{3a^2}{2} = 60</math> and the answer is <math>300 + 60 \iff \boxed{\textbf{(D)}}.</math>
  
−
(This solution is incomplete, can someone complete it please-Lingjun)
+
(This solution is incomplete, can someone complete it please-Lingjun) ok
 
Latex edited by kc5170
 
Latex edited by kc5170
  
−
==Video Solution==
+
We could use the famous m-n rule in trigonometry in <math>\triangle ABC</math> with Point <math>E</math>
−
https://youtu.be/RKlG6oZq9so
+
[Unable to write it here.Could anybody write the expression]
 +
. We will find that <math>\overrightarrow{BD}</math> is an angle bisector of <math>\triangle ABC</math> (because we will get <math>\tan(x) = 1</math>).   
 +
Therefore by converse of angle bisector theorem <math>AB:BC = 1:3</math>. By using Pythagorean theorem, we have values of <math>AB</math> and <math>AC</math>.
 +
Computing <math>AB \cdot AC = 120</math>. Adding the areas of <math>ABC</math> and <math>ACD</math>, hence the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\:360}</math>.
 +
 
 +
By: Math-Amaze
 +
 
 +
Latex: Catoptrics.
 +
 
 +
==Solution 4 (Law of Cosines)==
 +
 
 +
<asy>
 +
import olympiad;
 +
pair A = (0, 189), B = (0,0), C = (570,0), D = (798, 798);
 +
dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, S); dot("$C$", C, E); dot("$D$", D, N);dot("$E$",(140, 140), N);
 +
draw(A--B--C--D--A);
 +
draw(A--C, dotted); draw(B--D, dotted);
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
Denote <math>EB</math> as <math>x</math>. By the Law of Cosines:
 +
<cmath>AB^2 = 25 + x^2 - 10x\cos(\angle DEC)</cmath>
 +
<cmath>BC^2 = 225 + x^2 + 30x\cos(\angle DEC)</cmath>
 +
 
 +
Adding these up yields:
 +
<cmath>400 = 250 + 2x^2 + 20x\cos(\angle DEC) \Longrightarrow x^2 + \frac{10x}{\sqrt{5}} - 75 = 0</cmath>
 +
By the quadratic formula, <math>x = 3\sqrt5</math>.
 +
 
 +
Observe:
 +
<cmath>[AEB] + [BEC] = \frac{1}{2}(x)(5)\sin(\angle DEC) + \frac{1}{2}(x)(15)\sin(180-\angle DEC) = (3)(20) = 60</cmath>.
 +
 
 +
Thus the desired area is <math>\frac{1}{2}(30)(20) + 60 = \boxed{\textbf{(D) } 360}</math>
 +
 
 +
~qwertysri987
 +
 
 +
==Solution 5 (Vectors / Coordinates)==
 +
 
 +
Let <math>C = (0, 0)</math> and <math>D = (0, 30)</math>. Then <math>E = (-15, 0), A = (-20, 0),</math> and <math>B</math> lies on the line <math>y=2x+30.</math> So the coordinates of <math>B</math> are <cmath>(x, 2x+30).</cmath>
 +
 
 +
We can make this a vector problem.
 +
<math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}} = \begin{pmatrix}
 +
x \\
 +
2x+30
 +
\end{pmatrix}.</math> We notice that point <math>B</math> forms a right angle, meaning vectors <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}}</math> and <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}</math> are orthogonal, and their dot-product is <math>0</math>.
 +
 
 +
We determine <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}}</math> and <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}</math> to be <math>\begin{pmatrix}
 +
-x \\
 +
-2x-30
 +
\end{pmatrix}</math> and <math>\begin{pmatrix}
 +
-20-x \\
 +
-2x-30
 +
\end{pmatrix}</math> , respectively. (To get this, we use the fact that <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}} = \overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}</math> and similarly, <math>\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}} = \overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}.</math> )
 +
 
 +
Equating the cross-product to <math>0</math> gets us the quadratic <math>-x(-20-x)+(-2x-30)(-2x-30)=0.</math> The solutions are <math>x=-18, -10.</math> Since <math>B</math> clearly has a more negative x-coordinate than <math>E</math>, we take <math>x=-18</math>. So <math>B = (-18, -6).</math>
 +
 
 +
From here, there are multiple ways to get the area of <math>\Delta{ABC}</math> to be <math>60</math>, and since the area of <math>\Delta{ACD}</math> is <math>300</math>, we get our final answer to be <cmath>60 + 300 = \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.</cmath>
 +
 
 +
-PureSwag
 +
 
 +
== Solution 6 (Power of a Point)==
 +
 
 +
<asy>
 +
import olympiad;
 +
pair A = (0, 189), B = (0,0), C = (570,0), D = (798, 798),F=(285,94.5),G=(361.2,361.2);
 +
dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, S); dot("$C$", C, E); dot("$D$", D, N);dot("$E$",(140, 140), N);dot("$F$",F,N);dot("$G$",G,N);
 +
draw(A--B--C--D--A);
 +
draw(A--C, dotted); draw(B--D, dotted); draw(F--G, dotted);
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
Let <math>F</math> be the midpoint of <math>AC</math>, and draw <math>FG // CD</math> where <math>G</math> is on <math>BD</math>. We have <math>EF=5,FC=10</math>.
 +
 
 +
<math>\Delta EFG \sim \Delta ECD \implies FG=10=FA=FC</math>. Therefore <math>ABCG</math> is a cyclic quadrilateral.
 +
 
 +
Notice that <math>\angle EFG=90^\circ, EG=\sqrt{5^2+10^2}=5\sqrt{5} \implies BE=\frac{AE\cdot EC}{EG}=\frac{5\cdot 15}{5\sqrt{5}}=3\sqrt{5}</math> via Power of a Point.
 +
 
 +
The altitude from <math>B</math> to <math>AC</math> is then equal to <math>GF\cdot \frac{BE}{GE}=10\cdot \frac{3\sqrt 5}{5 \sqrt 5}=6</math>.
 +
 
 +
Finally, the total area of <math>ABCD</math> is equal to <math>\frac 12 \cdot 20 \left(30+6 \right) =\boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.</math>
 +
 
 +
~asops
 +
 
 +
==Solution 7 (Solving Equations)==
 +
 
 +
<asy>
 +
size(15cm,0);
 +
import olympiad;
 +
draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle);
 +
label("A", (0,2), NW);
 +
label("B", (0,0), SW);
 +
label("C", (4,0), SE);
 +
label("D", (6,4), NE);
 +
label("E", (1.714,1.143), N);
 +
label("F", (1.714,0), SE);
 +
draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed);
 +
draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed);
 +
draw((1.714,1.143)--(1.714,0), dashed);
 +
label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW);
 +
label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE);
 +
label("$x$", (-0.3,2)--(-0.3,0), N);
 +
label("$y$", (0,-0.3)--(4,-0.3), E);
 +
draw(rightanglemark((1.714,2),(1.714,0),(5.714,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4)));
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
Let <math>AB = x</math>, <math>BC = y</math>
 +
 
 +
Looking at the diagram we have <math>x^2 + y^2 = 20^2</math>,
 +
<math>DE = \sqrt{30^2+15^2} = 15\sqrt{5}</math>, <math>[ACD] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 20 \cdot 30 = 300</math>
 +
 
 +
Because <math>\triangle CEF \sim \triangle CAB</math>, <math>EF = AB \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = x \cdot \frac{15}{20} = \frac{3x}{4}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>BF = BC - CF = BC - BC \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = \frac{1}{4} \cdot BC = \frac{y}{4}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>BE = \sqrt{ \left( \frac{3x}{4} \right) ^2 + \left( \frac{y}{4} \right) ^2 } = \frac{ \sqrt{9x^2 + y^2} }{4}</math> , substituting <math>x^2 + y^2 = 400</math>,  we get <math>BE = \frac{ \sqrt{8x^2 + 400} }{4} = \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} }{2}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y</math>
 +
 
 +
Because <math>\triangle ABC</math> and <math>\triangle ACD</math> share the same base, <math>\frac{[ABC]}{[ACD]} = \frac{BE}{DE}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>[ABC] = [ACD] \cdot \frac{BE}{DE} = 300 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ 15 \sqrt{5} }</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>\frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y = 20 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ \sqrt{5} }</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>xy = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}</math>
 +
 
 +
By <math>x^2 + y^2 = 400</math>, <math>y = \sqrt{400 - x^2}</math>. So, <math>x \cdot  \sqrt{400 - x^2} = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>x^2 (400 - x^2) = 16 (10x^2 + 500)</math>
 +
 
 +
Let <math>x^2 = a</math>, <math>a (400 - a) = 16 (10a + 500)</math>, <math>400a - a^2 = 160a + 8000</math>, <math>a^2 - 240a + 8000 = 0</math>, <math>(a-200)(a-40) = 0</math>
 +
 
 +
Because <math>x < 20</math>, <math>a</math> can only equal 40. <math>a = 40</math>, <math>x = 2 \sqrt{10}</math>, <math>y = 6 \sqrt{10}</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \sqrt{10} \cdot 6 \sqrt{10} = 60</math>
 +
 
 +
<math>[ABCD] = [ABC] + [ACD] = 60 + 300 = \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}</math>
 +
 
 +
~[https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/User:Isabelchen isabelchen]
 +
 
 +
==Solution 8==
 +
Drop perpendiculars <math>\overline{AF}</math> and <math>\overline{CG}</math> to <math>\overline{BD}.</math> Notice that since <math>\angle AEF=\angle CEG</math> (since they are vertical angles) and <math>\angle AFE=\angle CGE=90^\circ,</math> triangles <math>AEF</math> and <math>CEG</math> are similar. Therefore, we have
 +
 
 +
<cmath>x/EF=CE/AE=15/5=3,</cmath>
 +
 
 +
where <math>EG=x.</math> Therefore, <math>EF=x/3.</math>
 +
 
 +
Additionally, angle chasing shows that triangles <math>CEG</math> and <math>DCG</math> are also similar. This gives <math>CG/x=DC/CE=30/15=2,</math> so <math>CG=2x.</math> Thus, applying the Pythagorean Theorem to triangle <math>CEG</math> gives
 +
 
 +
<cmath>x^2+(2x)^2=15^2,</cmath>
 +
 
 +
so <math>EG=x=3\sqrt 5.</math> Our pairs of similar triangles then allow us to fill in the following lengths (in this order):
 +
 
 +
<cmath>EF=x/3=\sqrt 5, CG=2x=6\sqrt 5, AF=CG/3=2\sqrt 5, DG=2\cdot CG=12\sqrt 5.</cmath>
 +
 
 +
Now, let <math>BF=y.</math> Angle chasing shows that triangle <math>ABF</math> and <math>BCG</math> are similar, so <math>BG/AF=CG/BF.</math> Plugging in known lengths gives
 +
 
 +
<cmath>\dfrac{y+4\sqrt 5}{2\sqrt 5}=\dfrac{6\sqrt 5}{y}.</cmath>
 +
 
 +
This gives <math>y=2\sqrt 5.</math> Now we know all the lengths that make up <math>BD,</math> which allows us to find
 +
 
 +
<cmath>BD=2\sqrt 5+\sqrt 5+3\sqrt 5+12\sqrt 5=18\sqrt 5.</cmath>
 +
 
 +
Therefore,
 +
 
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
[ABCD] &= [ABD]+[CBD] \\
 +
&= (BD)(AF)/2+(BD)(CG)/2 \\
 +
&= (18\sqrt 5)(2\sqrt 5)/2+(18\sqrt 5)(6\sqrt 5)/2 \\
 +
&= \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
 +
 
 +
--vaporwave
 +
 
 +
==Solution 9 Trigonometry ==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<asy>
 +
size(15cm,0);
 +
import olympiad;
 +
draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle);
 +
label("A", (0,2), NW);
 +
label("B", (0,0), SW);
 +
label("C", (4,0), SE);
 +
label("D", (6,4), NE);
 +
label("E", (1.714,1.143), N);
 +
label("F", (1.714,0), SE);
 +
draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed);
 +
draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed);
 +
draw((4,0)--(6,0), dashed);
 +
draw((6,0)--(6,4), dashed);
 +
draw((1.714,1.143)--(1.714,0), dashed);
 +
label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW);
 +
label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE);
 +
label("$x$", (-0.3,2)--(-0.3,0), N);
 +
label("$y$", (0,-0.3)--(4,-0.3), E);
 +
 
 +
label( "$X$", (6,0), SE);
 +
label("5", (0,2)--(1.714,1.143), NE);
 +
label("15",(1.714,1.143)--(4,0),NE);
 +
label("5$C$", (0,0)--(1.714,0),S);
 +
label("15$C$", (1.714,0)--(4,0),S);
 +
label("30$S$", (4,0)--(6,0),S);
 +
label("30$C$", (6,0)--(6,4),E);
 +
draw(anglemark((1.714,1.143),(4,0),(1.714,0)));
 +
draw(anglemark((4,0),(6,4),(6,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((1.714,2),(1.714,0),(5.714,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0)));
 +
draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4)));
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
set  <cmath>\angle ACB = \theta , C= \cos(\theta), S = \sin(\theta) </cmath>
 +
 
 +
<cmath>\dfrac{E_y}{E_x} = \dfrac{30C}  { 20C+30S}  =  \dfrac{15S} {20C-15C} </cmath>
 +
 
 +
<cmath>2SC = \dfrac35</cmath>
 +
 
 +
<cmath>\begin{align*}
 +
[ABCD] &= [ABD]+[CBD] \\
 +
&= \dfrac12\cdot 20C\cdot 30C  + \dfrac12 \cdot 20S (20C+30S) \\
 +
&= 100\cdot  2SC + 300 \\
 +
&= \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.
 +
\end{align*}</cmath>
 +
 
 +
~[https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/User:Cyantist luckuso]
 +
 
 +
== Video Solution by Pi Academy (Easy Similar Triangles,[Sol. 1]) ==
 +
 
 +
https://youtu.be/0IN2X0S_PHM?si=_oYbjRpfrZRaqrPk
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution by Education, The Study of Everything==
 +
https://youtu.be/5lb8kk1qbaA
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution by On The Spot STEM==
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIdNde2Vln4
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution by MathEx==
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHrjx968ZaM
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution by TheBeautyOfMath==
 +
https://youtu.be/RKlG6oZq9so?t=655
  
−
~IceMatrix
+
==Video Solution by Triviality==
 +
https://youtu.be/R220vbM_my8?t=658
 +
(amritvignesh0719062.0)
  
 +
== Video Solution by OmegaLearn ==
 +
https://youtu.be/hDsoyvFWYxc?t=1224
 +
~ pi_is_3.14
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==

Latest revision as of 17:49, 15 October 2024

The following problem is from both the 2020 AMC 12A #18 and 2020 AMC 10A #20, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Quadrilateral $ABCD$ satisfies $\angle ABC = \angle ACD = 90^{\circ}, AC=20,$ and $CD=30.$ Diagonals $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{BD}$ intersect at point $E,$ and $AE=5.$ What is the area of quadrilateral $ABCD?$

$\textbf{(A) } 330 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 340 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 350 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 360 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 370$

Solution 1

[asy] size(15cm,0); import olympiad; draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle); label("A", (0,2), NW); label("B", (0,0), SW); label("C", (4,0), SE); label("D", (6,4), NE); label("E", (1.714,1.143), N); label("F", (1,1.5), N); draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed); draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed); draw((0,0)--(1,1.5), dashed); label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW); label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE); label("$x$", (1,1.5)--(1.714,1.143), NE); label("5$-$$x$", (1,1.5)--(0,2), NE); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0))); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4))); draw(rightanglemark((0,0),(1,1.5),(0,2))); [/asy]

It's crucial to draw a good diagram for this one. Since $AC=20$ and $CD=30$, we get $[ACD]=300$. Now we need to find $[ABC]$ to get the area of the whole quadrilateral. Drop an altitude from $B$ to $AC$ and call the point of intersection $F$. Let $FE=x$. Since $AE=5$, then $AF=5-x$.

By dropping this altitude, we can also see two similar triangles, $\triangle BFE \sim \triangle DCE$. Since $EC$ is $20-5=15$, and $DC=30$, we get that $BF=2x$.

Now, if we redraw another diagram just of $ABC$, we get that $(2x)^2=(5-x)(15+x)$ because of the altitude geometric mean theorem which states that in any right triangle, the altitude squared is equal to the product of the two lengths that it divides the base into.

Expanding, simplifying, and dividing by the GCF, we get $x^2+2x-15=0$. This factors to $(x+5)(x-3)$, which has roots of $x=-5, 3$. Since lengths cannot be negative, $x=3$. Since $x=3$, that means the altitude $BF=2\cdot3=6$, or $[ABC]=60$. Thus $[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=300+60=\boxed {\textbf{(D) }360}$

~ Solution by Ultraman ~ Diagram by ciceronii

Solution 2 (Coordinates)

[asy] size(10cm,0); draw((10,30)--(10,0)--(-8,-6)--(-10,0)--(10,30)); draw((-20,0)--(20,0)); draw((0,-15)--(0,35)); draw((10,30)--(-8,-6)); draw(circle((0,0),10)); label("E",(-4.05,-.25),S); label("D",(10,30),NE); label("C",(10,0),NE); label("B",(-8,-6),SW); label("A",(-10,0),NW); label("5",(-10,0)--(-5,0), NE); label("15",(-5,0)--(10,0), N); label("30",(10,0)--(10,30), E); dot((-5,0)); dot((-10,0)); dot((-8,-6)); dot((10,0)); dot((10,30)); [/asy] Let the points be $A(-10,0)$, $\:B(x,y)$, $\:C(10,0)$, $\:D(10,30)$,and $\:E(-5,0)$, respectively. Since $B$ lies on line $DE$, we know that $y=2x+10$. Furthermore, since $\angle{ABC}=90^\circ$, $B$ lies on the circle with diameter $AC$, so $x^2+y^2=100$. Solving for $x$ and $y$ with these equations, we get the solutions $(0,10)$ and $(-8,-6)$. We immediately discard the $(0,10)$ solution as $y$ should be negative. Thus, we conclude that $[ABCD]=[ACD]+[ABC]=\frac{20\cdot30}{2}+\frac{20\cdot6}{2}=\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\:360}$.

Solution 3 (Trigonometry)

Let $\angle C = \angle{ACB}$ and $\angle{B} = \angle{CBE}.$ Using Law of Sines on $\triangle{BCE}$ we get \[\dfrac{BE}{\sin{C}} = \dfrac{CE}{\sin{B}} = \dfrac{15}{\sin{B}}\] and LoS on $\triangle{ABE}$ yields \[\dfrac{BE}{\sin{(90 - C)}} = \dfrac{5}{\sin{(90 - B)}} = \dfrac{BE}{\cos{C}} = \dfrac{5}{\cos{B}}.\] Divide the two to get $\tan{B} = 3 \tan{C}.$ Now, \[\tan{\angle{CED}} = 2 = \tan{\angle{B} + \angle{C}} = \dfrac{4 \tan{C}}{1 - 3\tan^2{C}}\] and solve the quadratic, taking the positive solution (C is acute) to get $\tan{C} = \frac{1}{3}.$ So if $AB = a,$ then $BC = 3a$ and $[ABC] = \frac{3a^2}{2}.$ By Pythagorean Theorem, $10a^2 = 400 \iff \frac{3a^2}{2} = 60$ and the answer is $300 + 60 \iff \boxed{\textbf{(D)}}.$

(This solution is incomplete, can someone complete it please-Lingjun) ok Latex edited by kc5170

We could use the famous m-n rule in trigonometry in $\triangle ABC$ with Point $E$ [Unable to write it here.Could anybody write the expression] . We will find that $\overrightarrow{BD}$ is an angle bisector of $\triangle ABC$ (because we will get $\tan(x) = 1$). Therefore by converse of angle bisector theorem $AB:BC = 1:3$. By using Pythagorean theorem, we have values of $AB$ and $AC$. Computing $AB \cdot AC = 120$. Adding the areas of $ABC$ and $ACD$, hence the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\:360}$.

By: Math-Amaze

Latex: Catoptrics.

Solution 4 (Law of Cosines)

[asy] import olympiad; pair A = (0, 189), B = (0,0), C = (570,0), D = (798, 798); dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, S); dot("$C$", C, E); dot("$D$", D, N);dot("$E$",(140, 140), N); draw(A--B--C--D--A); draw(A--C, dotted); draw(B--D, dotted); [/asy]

Denote $EB$ as $x$. By the Law of Cosines: \[AB^2 = 25 + x^2 - 10x\cos(\angle DEC)\] \[BC^2 = 225 + x^2 + 30x\cos(\angle DEC)\]

Adding these up yields: \[400 = 250 + 2x^2 + 20x\cos(\angle DEC) \Longrightarrow x^2 + \frac{10x}{\sqrt{5}} - 75 = 0\] By the quadratic formula, $x = 3\sqrt5$.

Observe: \[[AEB] + [BEC] = \frac{1}{2}(x)(5)\sin(\angle DEC) + \frac{1}{2}(x)(15)\sin(180-\angle DEC) = (3)(20) = 60\].

Thus the desired area is $\frac{1}{2}(30)(20) + 60 = \boxed{\textbf{(D) } 360}$

~qwertysri987

Solution 5 (Vectors / Coordinates)

Let $C = (0, 0)$ and $D = (0, 30)$. Then $E = (-15, 0), A = (-20, 0),$ and $B$ lies on the line $y=2x+30.$ So the coordinates of $B$ are \[(x, 2x+30).\]

We can make this a vector problem. $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ 2x+30 \end{pmatrix}.$ We notice that point $B$ forms a right angle, meaning vectors $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}}$ and $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}$ are orthogonal, and their dot-product is $0$.

We determine $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}}$ and $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}$ to be $\begin{pmatrix} -x \\ -2x-30 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} -20-x \\ -2x-30 \end{pmatrix}$ , respectively. (To get this, we use the fact that $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BC}} = \overrightarrow{\mathbf{C}}-\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ and similarly, $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}} = \overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}.$ )

Equating the cross-product to $0$ gets us the quadratic $-x(-20-x)+(-2x-30)(-2x-30)=0.$ The solutions are $x=-18, -10.$ Since $B$ clearly has a more negative x-coordinate than $E$, we take $x=-18$. So $B = (-18, -6).$

From here, there are multiple ways to get the area of $\Delta{ABC}$ to be $60$, and since the area of $\Delta{ACD}$ is $300$, we get our final answer to be \[60 + 300 = \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.\]

-PureSwag

Solution 6 (Power of a Point)

[asy] import olympiad; pair A = (0, 189), B = (0,0), C = (570,0), D = (798, 798),F=(285,94.5),G=(361.2,361.2); dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, S); dot("$C$", C, E); dot("$D$", D, N);dot("$E$",(140, 140), N);dot("$F$",F,N);dot("$G$",G,N); draw(A--B--C--D--A); draw(A--C, dotted); draw(B--D, dotted); draw(F--G, dotted); [/asy]

Let $F$ be the midpoint of $AC$, and draw $FG // CD$ where $G$ is on $BD$. We have $EF=5,FC=10$.

$\Delta EFG \sim \Delta ECD \implies FG=10=FA=FC$. Therefore $ABCG$ is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Notice that $\angle EFG=90^\circ, EG=\sqrt{5^2+10^2}=5\sqrt{5} \implies BE=\frac{AE\cdot EC}{EG}=\frac{5\cdot 15}{5\sqrt{5}}=3\sqrt{5}$ via Power of a Point.

The altitude from $B$ to $AC$ is then equal to $GF\cdot \frac{BE}{GE}=10\cdot \frac{3\sqrt 5}{5 \sqrt 5}=6$.

Finally, the total area of $ABCD$ is equal to $\frac 12 \cdot 20 \left(30+6 \right) =\boxed{\text{(D) } 360}.$

~asops

Solution 7 (Solving Equations)

[asy] size(15cm,0); import olympiad; draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle); label("A", (0,2), NW); label("B", (0,0), SW); label("C", (4,0), SE); label("D", (6,4), NE); label("E", (1.714,1.143), N); label("F", (1.714,0), SE); draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed); draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed); draw((1.714,1.143)--(1.714,0), dashed); label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW); label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE); label("$x$", (-0.3,2)--(-0.3,0), N); label("$y$", (0,-0.3)--(4,-0.3), E); draw(rightanglemark((1.714,2),(1.714,0),(5.714,0))); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0))); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4))); [/asy]

Let $AB = x$, $BC = y$

Looking at the diagram we have $x^2 + y^2 = 20^2$, $DE = \sqrt{30^2+15^2} = 15\sqrt{5}$, $[ACD] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 20 \cdot 30 = 300$

Because $\triangle CEF \sim \triangle CAB$, $EF = AB \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = x \cdot \frac{15}{20} = \frac{3x}{4}$

$BF = BC - CF = BC - BC \cdot \frac{CE}{CA} = \frac{1}{4} \cdot BC = \frac{y}{4}$

$BE = \sqrt{ \left( \frac{3x}{4} \right) ^2 + \left( \frac{y}{4} \right) ^2 } = \frac{ \sqrt{9x^2 + y^2} }{4}$ , substituting $x^2 + y^2 = 400$, we get $BE = \frac{ \sqrt{8x^2 + 400} }{4} = \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} }{2}$

$[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y$

Because $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle ACD$ share the same base, $\frac{[ABC]}{[ACD]} = \frac{BE}{DE}$

$[ABC] = [ACD] \cdot \frac{BE}{DE} = 300 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ 15 \sqrt{5} }$

$\frac{1}{2} \cdot x \cdot y = 20 \cdot \frac{ \frac{ \sqrt{2x^2 + 100} } {2} }{ \sqrt{5} }$

$xy = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}$

By $x^2 + y^2 = 400$, $y = \sqrt{400 - x^2}$. So, $x \cdot \sqrt{400 - x^2} = 4 \sqrt{10x^2 + 500}$

$x^2 (400 - x^2) = 16 (10x^2 + 500)$

Let $x^2 = a$, $a (400 - a) = 16 (10a + 500)$, $400a - a^2 = 160a + 8000$, $a^2 - 240a + 8000 = 0$, $(a-200)(a-40) = 0$

Because $x < 20$, $a$ can only equal 40. $a = 40$, $x = 2 \sqrt{10}$, $y = 6 \sqrt{10}$

$[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \sqrt{10} \cdot 6 \sqrt{10} = 60$

$[ABCD] = [ABC] + [ACD] = 60 + 300 = \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}$

~isabelchen

Solution 8

Drop perpendiculars $\overline{AF}$ and $\overline{CG}$ to $\overline{BD}.$ Notice that since $\angle AEF=\angle CEG$ (since they are vertical angles) and $\angle AFE=\angle CGE=90^\circ,$ triangles $AEF$ and $CEG$ are similar. Therefore, we have

\[x/EF=CE/AE=15/5=3,\]

where $EG=x.$ Therefore, $EF=x/3.$

Additionally, angle chasing shows that triangles $CEG$ and $DCG$ are also similar. This gives $CG/x=DC/CE=30/15=2,$ so $CG=2x.$ Thus, applying the Pythagorean Theorem to triangle $CEG$ gives

\[x^2+(2x)^2=15^2,\]

so $EG=x=3\sqrt 5.$ Our pairs of similar triangles then allow us to fill in the following lengths (in this order):

\[EF=x/3=\sqrt 5, CG=2x=6\sqrt 5, AF=CG/3=2\sqrt 5, DG=2\cdot CG=12\sqrt 5.\]

Now, let $BF=y.$ Angle chasing shows that triangle $ABF$ and $BCG$ are similar, so $BG/AF=CG/BF.$ Plugging in known lengths gives

\[\dfrac{y+4\sqrt 5}{2\sqrt 5}=\dfrac{6\sqrt 5}{y}.\]

This gives $y=2\sqrt 5.$ Now we know all the lengths that make up $BD,$ which allows us to find

\[BD=2\sqrt 5+\sqrt 5+3\sqrt 5+12\sqrt 5=18\sqrt 5.\]

Therefore,

\begin{align*} [ABCD] &= [ABD]+[CBD] \\ &= (BD)(AF)/2+(BD)(CG)/2 \\ &= (18\sqrt 5)(2\sqrt 5)/2+(18\sqrt 5)(6\sqrt 5)/2 \\ &= \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}. \end{align*}

--vaporwave

Solution 9 Trigonometry

[asy] size(15cm,0); import olympiad; draw((0,0)--(0,2)--(6,4)--(4,0)--cycle); label("A", (0,2), NW); label("B", (0,0), SW); label("C", (4,0), SE); label("D", (6,4), NE); label("E", (1.714,1.143), N); label("F", (1.714,0), SE); draw((0,2)--(4,0), dashed); draw((0,0)--(6,4), dashed); draw((4,0)--(6,0), dashed); draw((6,0)--(6,4), dashed); draw((1.714,1.143)--(1.714,0), dashed); label("20", (0,2)--(4,0), SW); label("30", (4,0)--(6,4), SE); label("$x$", (-0.3,2)--(-0.3,0), N); label("$y$", (0,-0.3)--(4,-0.3), E); label( "$X$", (6,0), SE); label("5", (0,2)--(1.714,1.143), NE); label("15",(1.714,1.143)--(4,0),NE); label("5$C$", (0,0)--(1.714,0),S); label("15$C$", (1.714,0)--(4,0),S); label("30$S$", (4,0)--(6,0),S); label("30$C$", (6,0)--(6,4),E); draw(anglemark((1.714,1.143),(4,0),(1.714,0))); draw(anglemark((4,0),(6,4),(6,0))); draw(rightanglemark((1.714,2),(1.714,0),(5.714,0))); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(0,0),(4,0))); draw(rightanglemark((0,2),(4,0),(6,4))); [/asy]

set \[\angle ACB = \theta , C= \cos(\theta), S = \sin(\theta)\]

\[\dfrac{E_y}{E_x} = \dfrac{30C} { 20C+30S} = \dfrac{15S} {20C-15C}\]

\[2SC = \dfrac35\]

\begin{align*} [ABCD] &= [ABD]+[CBD] \\ &= \dfrac12\cdot 20C\cdot 30C + \dfrac12 \cdot 20S (20C+30S) \\ &= 100\cdot 2SC + 300 \\ &= \boxed{\text{(D) } 360}. \end{align*}

~luckuso

Video Solution by Pi Academy (Easy Similar Triangles,[Sol. 1])

https://youtu.be/0IN2X0S_PHM?si=_oYbjRpfrZRaqrPk


Video Solution by Education, The Study of Everything

https://youtu.be/5lb8kk1qbaA

Video Solution by On The Spot STEM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIdNde2Vln4

Video Solution by MathEx

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHrjx968ZaM

Video Solution by TheBeautyOfMath

https://youtu.be/RKlG6oZq9so?t=655

Video Solution by Triviality

https://youtu.be/R220vbM_my8?t=658 (amritvignesh0719062.0)

Video Solution by OmegaLearn

https://youtu.be/hDsoyvFWYxc?t=1224 ~ pi_is_3.14

See Also

2020 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 19 		Followed by
Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions
2020 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 17 		Followed by
Problem 19
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

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