Difference between revisions of "2013 AIME II Problems/Problem 13"
Expilncalc (talk | contribs) m (Added short solution) |
(→Solution 2) |
||
(34 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Problem 13== | ==Problem 13== | ||
In <math>\triangle ABC</math>, <math>AC = BC</math>, and point <math>D</math> is on <math>\overline{BC}</math> so that <math>CD = 3\cdot BD</math>. Let <math>E</math> be the midpoint of <math>\overline{AD}</math>. Given that <math>CE = \sqrt{7}</math> and <math>BE = 3</math>, the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> can be expressed in the form <math>m\sqrt{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find <math>m+n</math>. | In <math>\triangle ABC</math>, <math>AC = BC</math>, and point <math>D</math> is on <math>\overline{BC}</math> so that <math>CD = 3\cdot BD</math>. Let <math>E</math> be the midpoint of <math>\overline{AD}</math>. Given that <math>CE = \sqrt{7}</math> and <math>BE = 3</math>, the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> can be expressed in the form <math>m\sqrt{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are positive integers and <math>n</math> is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find <math>m+n</math>. | ||
− | |||
− | == | + | ==Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil== |
− | + | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXPT0vHgt_c | |
− | === | + | ==Solution 1== |
+ | We can set <math>AE=ED=m</math>. Set <math>BD=k</math>, therefore <math>CD=3k, AC=4k</math>. Thereafter, by Stewart's Theorem on <math>\triangle ACD</math> and cevian <math>CE</math>, we get <math>2m^2+14=25k^2</math>. Also apply Stewart's Theorem on <math>\triangle CEB</math> with cevian <math>DE</math>. After simplification, <math>2m^2=17-6k^2</math>. Therefore, <math>k=1, m=\frac{\sqrt{22}}{2}</math>. Finally, note that (using [] for area) <math>[CED]=[CAE]=3[EDB]=3[AEB]=\frac{3}{8}[ABC]</math>, because of base-ratios. Using Heron's Formula on <math>\triangle EDB</math>, as it is simplest, we see that <math>[ABC]=3\sqrt{7}</math>, so your answer is <math>10</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Solution 2 == | ||
After drawing the figure, we suppose <math>BD=a</math>, so that <math>CD=3a</math>, <math>AC=4a</math>, and <math>AE=ED=b</math>. | After drawing the figure, we suppose <math>BD=a</math>, so that <math>CD=3a</math>, <math>AC=4a</math>, and <math>AE=ED=b</math>. | ||
− | Using Law of Cosines for <math>\triangle | + | Using Law of Cosines for <math>\triangle CED</math> and <math>\triangle AEC</math>,we get |
− | <cmath>b^2+7- | + | <cmath>b^2+7-2b\sqrt{7}\cdot \cos(\angle CED)=9a^2\qquad (1)</cmath> |
− | <cmath>b^2+7+ | + | <cmath>b^2+7+2b\sqrt{7}\cdot \cos(\angle CED)=16a^2\qquad (2)</cmath> |
So, <math>(1)+(2)</math>, we get<cmath>2b^2+14=25a^2. \qquad (3)</cmath> | So, <math>(1)+(2)</math>, we get<cmath>2b^2+14=25a^2. \qquad (3)</cmath> | ||
Using Law of Cosines in <math>\triangle ACD</math>, we get | Using Law of Cosines in <math>\triangle ACD</math>, we get | ||
− | <cmath> | + | <cmath>4b^2+9a^2-2\cdot 2b\cdot 3a\cdot \cos(\angle ADC)=16a^2</cmath> |
− | So, <cmath>\cos(\angle ADC)=\frac{ | + | So, <cmath>\cos(\angle ADC)=\frac{4b^2-7a^2}{12ab}.\qquad (4)</cmath> |
Using Law of Cosines in <math>\triangle EDC</math> and <math>\triangle EDB</math>, we get | Using Law of Cosines in <math>\triangle EDC</math> and <math>\triangle EDB</math>, we get | ||
Line 34: | Line 36: | ||
Finally, we use Law of Cosines for <math>\triangle ADB</math>, | Finally, we use Law of Cosines for <math>\triangle ADB</math>, | ||
− | <cmath>4(\frac{\sqrt{22}}{2})^2+1+2\ | + | <cmath>4(\frac{\sqrt{22}}{2})^2+1+2\cdot2(\frac{\sqrt{22}}{2})\cdot \cos(ADC)=AB^2</cmath> |
then <math>AB=2\sqrt{7}</math>, so the height of this <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>\sqrt{4^2-(\sqrt{7})^2}=3</math>. | then <math>AB=2\sqrt{7}</math>, so the height of this <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>\sqrt{4^2-(\sqrt{7})^2}=3</math>. | ||
Line 40: | Line 42: | ||
Then the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | Then the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | ||
− | + | == Solution 3 == | |
Let <math>X</math> be the foot of the altitude from <math>C</math> with other points labelled as shown below. | Let <math>X</math> be the foot of the altitude from <math>C</math> with other points labelled as shown below. | ||
<asy> | <asy> | ||
Line 60: | Line 62: | ||
Solving this system of equations yields <math>b=2\sqrt{7}</math> and <math>h=3</math>. Therefore, the area of the triangle is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math>, giving us an answer of <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | Solving this system of equations yields <math>b=2\sqrt{7}</math> and <math>h=3</math>. Therefore, the area of the triangle is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math>, giving us an answer of <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | ||
− | + | == Solution 4 == | |
− | Let the coordinates of A, B and C be (-a, 0), (a, 0) and (0, h) respectively. | + | Let the coordinates of <math>A</math>, <math>B</math> and <math>C</math> be <math>(-a, 0)</math>, <math>(a, 0)</math> and <math>(0, h)</math> respectively. |
− | Then <math>D = (\frac{3a}{4}, \frac{h}{4})</math> and <math>E = (-\frac{a}{8},\frac{h}{8}).</math> | + | Then <math>D = \Big(\frac{3a}{4}, \frac{h}{4}\Big)</math> and <math>E = \Big(-\frac{a}{8},\frac{h}{8}\Big).</math> |
<math>EC^2 = 7</math> implies <math>a^2 + 49h^2 = 448</math>; <math>EB^2 = 9</math> implies <math>81a^2 + h^2 = 576.</math> | <math>EC^2 = 7</math> implies <math>a^2 + 49h^2 = 448</math>; <math>EB^2 = 9</math> implies <math>81a^2 + h^2 = 576.</math> | ||
Solve this system of equations simultaneously, <math>a=\sqrt{7}</math> and <math>h=3</math>. | Solve this system of equations simultaneously, <math>a=\sqrt{7}</math> and <math>h=3</math>. | ||
− | Area of the triangle is | + | Area of the triangle is <math>ah = 3\sqrt{7}</math>, giving us an answer of <math>\boxed{010}</math>. |
− | + | ==Solution 5== | |
<asy> | <asy> | ||
size(200); | size(200); | ||
Line 77: | Line 79: | ||
label("$E$",EE,NW); | label("$E$",EE,NW); | ||
</asy> | </asy> | ||
− | |||
Let <math>BD = x</math>. Then <math>CD = 3x</math> and <math>AC = 4x</math>. Also, let <math>AE = ED = l</math>. Using Stewart's Theorem on <math>\bigtriangleup CEB</math> gives us the equation <math>(x)(3x)(4x) + (4x)(l^2) = 27x + 7x</math> or, after simplifying, <math>4l^2 = 34 - 12x^2</math>. We use Stewart's again on <math>\bigtriangleup CAD</math>: <math>(l)(l)(2l) + 7(2l) = (16x^2)(l) + (9x^2)(l)</math>, which becomes <math>2l^2 = 25x^2 - 14</math>. Substituting <math>2l^2 = 17 - 6x^2</math>, we see that <math>31x^2 = 31</math>, or <math>x = 1</math>. Then <math>l^2 = \frac{11}{2}</math>. | Let <math>BD = x</math>. Then <math>CD = 3x</math> and <math>AC = 4x</math>. Also, let <math>AE = ED = l</math>. Using Stewart's Theorem on <math>\bigtriangleup CEB</math> gives us the equation <math>(x)(3x)(4x) + (4x)(l^2) = 27x + 7x</math> or, after simplifying, <math>4l^2 = 34 - 12x^2</math>. We use Stewart's again on <math>\bigtriangleup CAD</math>: <math>(l)(l)(2l) + 7(2l) = (16x^2)(l) + (9x^2)(l)</math>, which becomes <math>2l^2 = 25x^2 - 14</math>. Substituting <math>2l^2 = 17 - 6x^2</math>, we see that <math>31x^2 = 31</math>, or <math>x = 1</math>. Then <math>l^2 = \frac{11}{2}</math>. | ||
Line 85: | Line 86: | ||
<math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} AC \cdot BC \sin C = (\frac{1}{2})(4)(4)(\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{8}) = 3\sqrt{7}</math>, and our answer is <math>3 + 7 = \boxed{010}</math>. | <math>[ABC] = \frac{1}{2} AC \cdot BC \sin C = (\frac{1}{2})(4)(4)(\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{8}) = 3\sqrt{7}</math>, and our answer is <math>3 + 7 = \boxed{010}</math>. | ||
− | ===Solution | + | Note to writter: Couldn't we just use Heron's formula for <math>[CEB]</math> after <math>x</math> is solved then noticing that <math>[ABC] = 2 \times [CEB]</math>? |
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 6 (Barycentric Coordinates)== | ||
Let ABC be the reference triangle, with <math>A=(1,0,0)</math>, <math>B=(0,1,0)</math>, and <math>C=(0,0,1)</math>. We can easily calculate <math>D=(0,\frac{3}{4},\frac{1}{4})</math> and subsequently <math>E=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{8},\frac{1}{8})</math>. Using distance formula on <math>\overline{EC}=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{8},-\frac{7}{8})</math> and <math>\overline{EB}=(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{5}{8},\frac{1}{8})</math> gives | Let ABC be the reference triangle, with <math>A=(1,0,0)</math>, <math>B=(0,1,0)</math>, and <math>C=(0,0,1)</math>. We can easily calculate <math>D=(0,\frac{3}{4},\frac{1}{4})</math> and subsequently <math>E=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{8},\frac{1}{8})</math>. Using distance formula on <math>\overline{EC}=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{8},-\frac{7}{8})</math> and <math>\overline{EB}=(\frac{1}{2},-\frac{5}{8},\frac{1}{8})</math> gives | ||
Line 138: | Line 141: | ||
Then plugging gives <math>b=4</math> and <math>c=2\sqrt{7}</math>. Then the height from <math>C</math> is <math>3</math>, and the area is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math> and our answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | Then plugging gives <math>b=4</math> and <math>c=2\sqrt{7}</math>. Then the height from <math>C</math> is <math>3</math>, and the area is <math>3\sqrt{7}</math> and our answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | ||
− | ===Solution | + | ==Solution 7== |
+ | Let <math>C=(0,0), A=(x,y),</math> and <math>B=(-x,y)</math>. | ||
+ | It is trivial to show that <math>D=\left(-\frac{3}{4}x,\frac{3}{4}y\right)</math> and <math>E=\left(\frac{1}{8}x,\frac{7}{8}y\right)</math>. Thus, since <math>BE=3</math> and <math>CE=\sqrt{7}</math>, we get that | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | \left(\frac{1}{8}x\right)^2+\left(\frac{7}{8}y\right)^2&=7 \\ | ||
+ | \left(\frac{9}{8}x\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{8}y\right)^2&=9 \\ | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Multiplying both equations by <math>64</math>, we get that | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | x^2+49y^2&=448 \\ | ||
+ | 81x^2+y^2&=576 \\ | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | </cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Solving these equations, we get that <math>x=\sqrt{7}</math> and <math>y=3</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Thus, the area of <math>\triangle ABC</math> is <math>xy=3\sqrt{7}</math>, so our answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 8== | ||
+ | [[File:2013 AIME II 13.png|450px|right]] | ||
+ | The main in solution is to prove that <math>\angle BEC = 90^\circ</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let <math>M</math> be midpoint <math>AB.</math> Let <math>F</math> be cross point of <math>AC</math> and <math>BE.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | We use the formula for crossing segments in <math>\triangle ABC</math> and get: | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac {CF}{AF}= \frac {DE}{AE} \cdot (\frac {CD}{BD} + 1) = 1 \cdot (3 + 1) = 4.</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>\frac {FE }{BE}= \frac {CD}{BD} : (\frac {CF}{AF} + 1) = \frac {3}{5} \implies FE = \frac {9}{5}.</cmath> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <cmath>\triangle BCF:\hspace{5mm} BC = x, CF = \frac {4}{5}x, EF = \frac {9}{5}, BF = 3, CE = \sqrt{7}.</cmath> | ||
+ | By Stewart's Theorem on <math>\triangle BCF</math> and cevian <math>CE</math>, we get after simplification | ||
+ | <cmath>x = 4 \implies BC^2 = CE^2 + BE^2 \implies \angle BEC = 90^\circ.</cmath> | ||
+ | <cmath>AE = ED, AM = MB \implies EM ||BC.</cmath> | ||
+ | <math>\angle BEC = \angle CMB = 90^\circ \implies</math> trapezium <math>BCEM</math> is cyclic <math>\implies</math> | ||
+ | <cmath>BM = CE, CM = BE \implies [ABC] = CM \cdot BM = 3 \sqrt {7} \implies 3+ 7 = \boxed{\textbf{010}}.</cmath> | ||
+ | '''vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 9== | ||
+ | Let <math>AB = 2x</math> and let <math>y = BD.</math> Then <math>CD = 3y</math> and <math>AC = 4y.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <asy> | ||
+ | unitsize(1.5 cm); | ||
+ | |||
+ | pair A, B, C, D, E; | ||
+ | |||
+ | A = (-sqrt(7),0); | ||
+ | B = (sqrt(7),0); | ||
+ | C = (0,3); | ||
+ | D = interp(B,C,1/4); | ||
+ | E = (A + D)/2; | ||
+ | |||
+ | draw(A--B--C--cycle); | ||
+ | draw(A--D); | ||
+ | draw(B--E--C); | ||
+ | |||
+ | label("$A$", A, SW); | ||
+ | label("$B$", B, SE); | ||
+ | label("$C$", C, N); | ||
+ | label("$D$", D, NE); | ||
+ | label("$E$", E, NW); | ||
+ | |||
+ | label("$2x$", (A + B)/2, S); | ||
+ | label("$y$", (B + D)/2, NE); | ||
+ | label("$3y$", (C + D)/2, NE); | ||
+ | label("$4y$", (A + C)/2, NW); | ||
+ | label("$3$", (B + E)/2, N); | ||
+ | label("$\sqrt{7}$", (C + E)/2, W); | ||
+ | </asy> | ||
+ | |||
+ | By the Law of Cosines on triangle <math>ABC,</math> | ||
+ | <cmath>\cos C = \frac{16y^2 + 16y^2 - 4x^2}{2 \cdot 4y \cdot 4y} = \frac{32y^2 - 4x^2}{32y^2} = \frac{8y^2 - x^2}{8y^2}.</cmath>Then by the Law of Cosines on triangle <math>ACD,</math> | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | AD^2 &= 16y^2 + 9y^2 - 2 \cdot 4y \cdot 3y \cdot \cos C \\ | ||
+ | &= 25y^2 - 24y^2 \cdot \frac{8y^2 - x^2}{8y^2} \\ | ||
+ | &= 3x^2 + y^2. | ||
+ | \end{align*}Applying Stewart's Theorem to median <math>\overline{BE}</math> in triangle <math>ABD,</math> we get | ||
+ | <cmath>BE^2 + AE \cdot DE = \frac{AB^2 + BD^2}{2}.</cmath>Thus, | ||
+ | <cmath>9 + \frac{3x^2 + y^2}{4} = \frac{4x^2 + y^2}{2}.</cmath>This simplifies to <math>5x^2 + y^2 = 36.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Applying Stewart's Theorem to median <math>\overline{CE}</math> in triangle <math>ACD,</math> we get | ||
+ | <cmath>CE^2 + AE \cdot DE = \frac{AC^2 + CD^2}{2}.</cmath>Thus, | ||
+ | <cmath>7 + \frac{3x^2 + y^2}{4} = \frac{16y^2 + 9y^2}{2}.</cmath>This simplifies to <math>3x^2 + 28 = 49y^2.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Solving the system <math>5x^2 + y^2 = 36</math> and <math>3x^2 + 28 = 49y^2,</math> we find <math>x^2 = 7</math> and <math>y^2 = 1,</math> so <math>x = \sqrt{7}</math> and <math>y = 1.</math> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Plugging this back in for our equation for <math>\cos C</math> gives us <math>\frac{1}{8}</math>, so <math>\sin C = \frac{3\sqrt{7}}{8}.</math> We can apply the alternative area of a triangle formula, where <math>AC \cdot BC \cdot \sin C \cdot \frac{1}{2} = 3\sqrt{7}.</math> Therefore, our answer is <math>\boxed{010}</math>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Solution== | ||
+ | |||
+ | https://youtu.be/jVV4pYDGxGE?si=fDGGUOvCZRfdwUEz | ||
+ | |||
+ | ~MathProblemSolvingSkills.com | ||
− | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AIME box|year=2013|n=II|num-b=12|num-a=14}} | {{AIME box|year=2013|n=II|num-b=12|num-a=14}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]] | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 18:20, 11 August 2024
Contents
Problem 13
In , , and point is on so that . Let be the midpoint of . Given that and , the area of can be expressed in the form , where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .
Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXPT0vHgt_c
Solution 1
We can set . Set , therefore . Thereafter, by Stewart's Theorem on and cevian , we get . Also apply Stewart's Theorem on with cevian . After simplification, . Therefore, . Finally, note that (using [] for area) , because of base-ratios. Using Heron's Formula on , as it is simplest, we see that , so your answer is .
Solution 2
After drawing the figure, we suppose , so that , , and .
Using Law of Cosines for and ,we get
So, , we get
Using Law of Cosines in , we get
So,
Using Law of Cosines in and , we get
, and according to , we can get
Using and , we can solve and .
Finally, we use Law of Cosines for ,
then , so the height of this is .
Then the area of is , so the answer is .
Solution 3
Let be the foot of the altitude from with other points labelled as shown below. Now we proceed using mass points. To balance along the segment , we assign a mass of and a mass of . Therefore, has a mass of . As is the midpoint of , we must assign a mass of as well. This gives a mass of and a mass of .
Now let be the base of the triangle, and let be the height. Then as , and as , we know that Also, as , we know that . Therefore, by the Pythagorean Theorem on , we know that
Also, as , we know that . Furthermore, as , and as , we know that and , so . Therefore, by the Pythagorean Theorem on , we get Solving this system of equations yields and . Therefore, the area of the triangle is , giving us an answer of .
Solution 4
Let the coordinates of , and be , and respectively. Then and implies ; implies Solve this system of equations simultaneously, and . Area of the triangle is , giving us an answer of .
Solution 5
Let . Then and . Also, let . Using Stewart's Theorem on gives us the equation or, after simplifying, . We use Stewart's again on : , which becomes . Substituting , we see that , or . Then .
We now use Law of Cosines on . . Plugging in for and , , so . Using the Pythagorean trig identity , , so .
, and our answer is .
Note to writter: Couldn't we just use Heron's formula for after is solved then noticing that ?
Solution 6 (Barycentric Coordinates)
Let ABC be the reference triangle, with , , and . We can easily calculate and subsequently . Using distance formula on and gives
But we know that , so we can substitute and now we have two equations and two variables. So we can clear the denominators and prepare to cancel a variable:
Then we add the equations to get
Then plugging gives and . Then the height from is , and the area is and our answer is .
Solution 7
Let and . It is trivial to show that and . Thus, since and , we get that
Multiplying both equations by , we get that
Solving these equations, we get that and .
Thus, the area of is , so our answer is .
Solution 8
The main in solution is to prove that .
Let be midpoint Let be cross point of and
We use the formula for crossing segments in and get:
By Stewart's Theorem on and cevian , we get after simplification trapezium is cyclic vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss
Solution 9
Let and let Then and
By the Law of Cosines on triangle Then by the Law of Cosines on triangle \begin{align*} AD^2 &= 16y^2 + 9y^2 - 2 \cdot 4y \cdot 3y \cdot \cos C \\ &= 25y^2 - 24y^2 \cdot \frac{8y^2 - x^2}{8y^2} \\ &= 3x^2 + y^2. \end{align*}Applying Stewart's Theorem to median in triangle we get Thus, This simplifies to
Applying Stewart's Theorem to median in triangle we get Thus, This simplifies to
Solving the system and we find and so and
Plugging this back in for our equation for gives us , so We can apply the alternative area of a triangle formula, where Therefore, our answer is .
Video Solution
https://youtu.be/jVV4pYDGxGE?si=fDGGUOvCZRfdwUEz
~MathProblemSolvingSkills.com
See Also
2013 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 12 |
Followed by Problem 14 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 | ||
All AIME Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.