Difference between revisions of "2021 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 25"
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for (int i = 1; i<=30; ++i) | for (int i = 1; i<=30; ++i) | ||
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Revision as of 10:34, 26 February 2021
Contents
[hide]Problem
Let be the set of lattice points in the coordinate plane, both of whose coordinates are integers between and inclusive. Exactly points in lie on or below a line with equation The possible values of lie in an interval of length where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is
Solution 1
First, we find a numerical representation for the number of lattice points in that are under the line For any value of the highest lattice point under is Because every lattice point from to is under the line, the total number of lattice points under the line is
Now, we proceed by finding lower and upper bounds for To find the lower bound, we start with an approximation. If lattice points are below the line, then around of the area formed by is under the line. By using the formula for a triangle's area, we find that when Solving for assuming that is a point on the line, we get Plugging in to we get:
We have a repeat every values (every time goes through a lattice point). Thus, we can use arithmetic sequences to calculate the value above:
This means that is a possible value of Furthermore, it is the lower bound for This is because goes through many points (such as ). If was lower, would no longer go through some of these points, and there would be less than lattice points under it.
Now, we find an upper bound for Imagine increasing slowly and rotating the line starting from the lower bound of The upper bound for occurs when intersects a lattice point again (look at this problem to get a better idea of what's happening: https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/2011_AMC_10B_Problems/Problem_24).
In other words, we are looking for the first that is expressible as a ratio of positive integers with For each , the smallest multiple of which exceeds is respectively, and the smallest of these is
Note: start listing the multiples of from and observe that they get further and further away from
Alternatively, see the method of finding upper bounds in solution 2.
The lower bound is and the upper bound is Their difference is so the answer is
~JimY
Solution 2
I know that I want about of the box of integer coordinates above my line. There are a total of 30 integer coordinates in the desired range for each axis which gives a total of 900 lattice points. I estimate that the slope, m, is . Now, although there is probably an easier solution, I would try to count the number of points above the line to see if there are 600 points above the line. The line separates the area inside the box so that of the are is above the line.
I find that the number of coordinates with above the line is 30, and the number of coordinates with above the line is 29. Every time the line hits a y-value with an integer coordinate, the number of points above the line decreases by one. I wrote out the sum of 30 terms in hopes of finding a pattern. I graphed the first couple positive integer x-coordinates, and found that the sum of the integers above the line is . The even integer repeats itself every third term in the sum. I found that the average of each of the terms is 20, and there are 30 of them which means that exactly 600 above the line as desired. This give a lower bound because if the slope decreases a little bit, then the points that the line goes through will be above the line.
To find the upper bound, notice that each point with an integer-valued x-coordinate is either or above the line. Since the slope through a point is the y-coordinate divided by the x-coordinate, a shift in the slope will increase the y-value of the higher x-coordinates. We turn our attention to which the line intersects at . The point (30,20) is already counted below the line, and we can clearly see that if we slowly increase the slope of the line, we will hit the point (28,19) since (28, ) is closer to the lattice point. The slope of the line which goes through both the origin and (28,19) is . This gives an upper bound of .
Taking the upper bound of m and subtracting the lower bound yields . This is answer .
~theAJL
Diagram
Video Solution , Very Easy
https://youtu.be/PC8fIZzICFg ~hippopotamus1
(Video solution is in Chinese) ~jhu08
See also
2021 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
Preceded by Problem 24 |
Followed by Last problem |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions |
2021 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 24 |
Followed by Last problem | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |