2019 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 14

Problem

The base-ten representation for $19!$ is $121,6T5,100,40M,832,H00$ , where $T$ , $M$ , and $H$ denote digits that are not given. What is $T+M+H$ ?

Solution 1

We can figure out $H = 0$ by noticing that $19!$ will end with $3$ zeroes, as there are three $5$ 's in its prime factorization. Next we use the fact that $19!$ is a multiple of both $11$ and $9$ . Since their divisibility rules gives us that $T + M$ is congruent to $3$ mod $9$ and that $T - M$ is congruent to $7$ mod $11$ . By inspection, we see that $T = 4, M = 8$ is a valid solution. Therefore the answer is $4 + 8 + 0 = 12$ , which is (C).

Solution 2

We can manually calculate 19!. If we prime factorize 19!, it becomes $2^{16} \cdot 3^8 \cdot 5^3 \cdot 7^2 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \cdot 17 \cdot 19$ . This looks complicated, but we can use elimination methods to make it simpler. $2^3 \cdot 5^3 = 1000$ , and $7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \cdot = 1001$ . If we put these aside for a moment, we have $2^{13} \cdot 3^8 \cdot 7 \cdot 17 \cdot 19$ . $2^{13} = 2^{10} \cdot 2^3 = 1024 \cdot 8 = 8192$ , and $3^8 = (3^4)^2 = 81^2 = 6561$ . We have the 2's and 3's out of the way, and then we have $7 \cdot 17 \cdot 19 = 2261$ . Now if we multiply all the values calculated, we get $1000 \cdot 1001 \cdot 8192 \cdot 6561 \cdot 2261 = 121,645,100,408,832,000$ . Thus $T = 4, M = 8, H = 0$ , and the answer $T + M + H = 12$ , thus (C).

2019 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 13	Followed by Problem 15
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2019 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 14

Contents

Problem

Solution 1

Solution 2

See Also