2021 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 5

Revision as of 01:14, 19 August 2022 by MRENTHUSIASM (talk | contribs) (Solution)
The following problem is from both the 2021 AMC 10B #9 and 2021 AMC 12B #5, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

The point $P(a,b)$ in the $xy$-plane is first rotated counterclockwise by $90^\circ$ around the point $(1,5)$ and then reflected about the line $y = -x$. The image of $P$ after these two transformations is at $(-6,3)$. What is $b - a ?$

$\textbf{(A)} ~1 \qquad\textbf{(B)} ~3 \qquad\textbf{(C)} ~5 \qquad\textbf{(D)} ~7 \qquad\textbf{(E)} ~9$

Solution 1 (Transformation Rules)

The final image of $P$ is $(-6,3)$. We know the reflection rule for reflecting over $y=-x$ is $(x,y) \rightarrow (-y, -x)$. So before the reflection and after rotation the point is $(-3,6)$.

By definition of rotation, the slope between $(-3,6)$ and $(1,5)$ must be perpendicular to the slope between $(a,b)$ and $(1,5)$. The first slope is $\frac{5-6}{1-(-3)} = \frac{-1}{4}$. This means the slope of $P$ and $(1,5)$ is $4$.

Rotations also preserve distance to the center of rotation, and since we only "travelled" up and down by the slope once to get from $(3,-6)$ to $(1,5)$ it follows we shall only use the slope once to travel from $(1,5)$ to $P$.

Therefore point $P$ is located at $(1+1, 5+4) = (2,9)$. The answer is $9-2 = 7 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}}$.

--abhinavg0627

Solution 2 (complex)

Let us reconstruct that coordinate plane as the complex plane. Then, the point $P(a, b)$ becomes $a+b\cdot{i}$. A $90^\circ$ rotation around the point $(1, 5)$ can be done by translating the point $(1, 5)$ to the origin, rotating around the origin by $90^\circ$, and then translating the origin back to the point $(1, 5)$.

$a+b\cdot{i}  \implies (a-1)+(b-5)\cdot{i} \implies ((a-1)+(b-5)\cdot{i})\cdot{i} =$

$5-b+(a-1)i \implies 5+1-b+(a-1+5)i = 6-b+(a+4)i$.

By basis reflection rules, the reflection of $(-6, 3)$ about the line $y = -x$ is $(-3, 6)$. Hence, $6-b+(a+4)i = -3+6i \implies b=9, a=2.$ $b-a = 9-2 =7 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}}$. ~ twotothetenthis1024

Video Solution 1

https://youtu.be/j39KCUC2Qz8

~Education, the Study of Everything



Video Solution by Punxsutawney Phil

https://youtube.com/watch?v=qpvS2PVkI8A&t=335s

Video Solution by OmegaLearn (Rotation & Reflection tricks)

https://youtu.be/VyRWjgGIsRQ

~ pi_is_3.14

Video Solution by Hawk Math

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzwxbsuSQ80

Video Solution by TheBeautyofMath

https://youtu.be/GYpAm8v1h-U?t=860 (for AMC 10B)

https://youtu.be/EMzdnr1nZcE?t=814 (for AMC 12B)

~IceMatrix

Video Solution by Interstigation

https://youtu.be/DvpN56Ob6Zw?t=776

~Interstigation

See Also

2021 AMC 12B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 4
Followed by
Problem 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions
2021 AMC 10B (ProblemsAnswer KeyResources)
Preceded by
Problem 8
Followed by
Problem 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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