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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Geometry, SMO 2016, not easy
Zoom   18
N 30 minutes ago by SimplisticFormulas
Source: Serbia National Olympiad 2016, day 1, P3
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $O$ its circumcentre. A line tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $BOC$ intersects sides $AB$ at $D$ and $AC$ at $E$. Let $A'$ be the image of $A$ under $DE$. Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle $A'DE$ is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$.
18 replies
Zoom
Apr 1, 2016
SimplisticFormulas
30 minutes ago
A touching question on perpendicular lines
Tintarn   2
N 39 minutes ago by pi_quadrat_sechstel
Source: Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik 2025, Round 1 - Problem 3
Let $k$ be a semicircle with diameter $AB$ and midpoint $M$. Let $P$ be a point on $k$ different from $A$ and $B$.

The circle $k_A$ touches $k$ in a point $C$, the segment $MA$ in a point $D$, and additionally the segment $MP$. The circle $k_B$ touches $k$ in a point $E$ and additionally the segments $MB$ and $MP$.

Show that the lines $AE$ and $CD$ are perpendicular.
2 replies
Tintarn
Mar 17, 2025
pi_quadrat_sechstel
39 minutes ago
Woaah a lot of external tangents
egxa   2
N an hour ago by soryn
Source: All Russian 2025 11.7
A quadrilateral \( ABCD \) with no parallel sides is inscribed in a circle \( \Omega \). Circles \( \omega_a, \omega_b, \omega_c, \omega_d \) are inscribed in triangles \( DAB, ABC, BCD, CDA \), respectively. Common external tangents are drawn between \( \omega_a \) and \( \omega_b \), \( \omega_b \) and \( \omega_c \), \( \omega_c \) and \( \omega_d \), and \( \omega_d \) and \( \omega_a \), not containing any sides of quadrilateral \( ABCD \). A quadrilateral whose consecutive sides lie on these four lines is inscribed in a circle \( \Gamma \). Prove that the lines joining the centers of \( \omega_a \) and \( \omega_c \), \( \omega_b \) and \( \omega_d \), and the centers of \( \Omega \) and \( \Gamma \) all intersect at one point.
2 replies
egxa
Apr 18, 2025
soryn
an hour ago
Some nice summations
amitwa.exe   31
N an hour ago by soryn
Problem 1: $\Omega=\left(\sum_{0\le i\le j\le k}^{\infty} \frac{1}{3^i\cdot4^j\cdot5^k}\right)\left(\mathop{{\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}}}_{i\neq j\neq k}\frac{1}{3^i\cdot3^j\cdot3^k}\right)=?$
31 replies
amitwa.exe
May 24, 2024
soryn
an hour ago
Interesting inequalities
sqing   0
an hour ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 ,b+c-ca=1 $ and $ c+a-ab=3.$ Prove that
$$a+\frac{19}{10}b-bc\leq 2-\sqrt 2$$$$a+\frac{17}{10}b+c-bc\leq  3$$$$ a^2+\frac{9}{5}b-bc\leq 6-4\sqrt 2$$$$ a^2+\frac{8}{5}b^2-bc\leq 6-4\sqrt 2$$$$a+1.974873b-bc\leq 2-\sqrt 2$$$$a+1.775917b+c-bc\leq  3$$

0 replies
sqing
an hour ago
0 replies
Two permutations
Nima Ahmadi Pour   12
N 2 hours ago by Zhaom
Source: Iran prepration exam
Suppose that $ a_1$, $ a_2$, $ \ldots$, $ a_n$ are integers such that $ n\mid a_1 + a_2 + \ldots + a_n$.
Prove that there exist two permutations $ \left(b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_n\right)$ and $ \left(c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n\right)$ of $ \left(1,2,\ldots,n\right)$ such that for each integer $ i$ with $ 1\leq i\leq n$, we have
\[ n\mid a_i - b_i - c_i
\]

Proposed by Ricky Liu & Zuming Feng, USA
12 replies
Nima Ahmadi Pour
Apr 24, 2006
Zhaom
2 hours ago
Easy Number Theory
math_comb01   37
N 2 hours ago by John_Mgr
Source: INMO 2024/3
Let $p$ be an odd prime and $a,b,c$ be integers so that the integers $$a^{2023}+b^{2023},\quad b^{2024}+c^{2024},\quad a^{2025}+c^{2025}$$are divisible by $p$.
Prove that $p$ divides each of $a,b,c$.
$\quad$
Proposed by Navilarekallu Tejaswi
37 replies
math_comb01
Jan 21, 2024
John_Mgr
2 hours ago
ALGEBRA INEQUALITY
Tony_stark0094   3
N 2 hours ago by sqing
$a,b,c > 0$ Prove that $$\frac{a^2+bc}{b+c} + \frac{b^2+ac}{a+c} + \frac {c^2 + ab}{a+b} \geq a+b+c$$
3 replies
Tony_stark0094
Today at 12:17 AM
sqing
2 hours ago
Inspired by hlminh
sqing   3
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $ a^2+b^2+c^2=1. $ Prove that $$ |a-kb|+|b-kc|+|c-ka|\leq \sqrt{3k^2+2k+3}$$Where $ k\geq 0 . $
3 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 4:43 AM
sqing
2 hours ago
A Familiar Point
v4913   51
N 2 hours ago by xeroxia
Source: EGMO 2023/6
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\Omega$. Let $S_b$ and $S_c$ respectively denote the midpoints of the arcs $AC$ and $AB$ that do not contain the third vertex. Let $N_a$ denote the midpoint of arc $BAC$ (the arc $BC$ including $A$). Let $I$ be the incenter of $ABC$. Let $\omega_b$ be the circle that is tangent to $AB$ and internally tangent to $\Omega$ at $S_b$, and let $\omega_c$ be the circle that is tangent to $AC$ and internally tangent to $\Omega$ at $S_c$. Show that the line $IN_a$, and the lines through the intersections of $\omega_b$ and $\omega_c$, meet on $\Omega$.
51 replies
v4913
Apr 16, 2023
xeroxia
2 hours ago
Apple sharing in Iran
mojyla222   3
N 3 hours ago by math-helli
Source: Iran 2025 second round p6
Ali is hosting a large party. Together with his $n-1$ friends, $n$ people are seated around a circular table in a fixed order. Ali places $n$ apples for serving directly in front of himself and wants to distribute them among everyone. Since Ali and his friends dislike eating alone and won't start unless everyone receives an apple at the same time, in each step, each person who has at least one apple passes one apple to the first person to their right who doesn't have an apple (in the clockwise direction).

Find all values of $n$ such that after some number of steps, the situation reaches a point where each person has exactly one apple.
3 replies
mojyla222
Apr 20, 2025
math-helli
3 hours ago
Iran second round 2025-q1
mohsen   5
N 3 hours ago by math-helli
Find all positive integers n>2 such that sum of n and any of its prime divisors is a perfect square.
5 replies
mohsen
Apr 19, 2025
math-helli
3 hours ago
Iran Team Selection Test 2016
MRF2017   9
N 3 hours ago by SimplisticFormulas
Source: TST3,day1,P2
Let $ABC$ be an arbitrary triangle and $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle {ABC}$.Points $X,Y$ lie on $AB,AC$,respectively such that the reflection of $BC$ WRT $XY$ is tangent to circumcircle of $\triangle {AXY}$.Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $AXY$ is tangent to circumcircle of triangle $BOC$.
9 replies
MRF2017
Jul 15, 2016
SimplisticFormulas
3 hours ago
Combo problem
soryn   3
N 4 hours ago by soryn
The school A has m1 boys and m2 girls, and ,the school B has n1 boys and n2 girls. Each school is represented by one team formed by p students,boys and girls. If f(k) is the number of cases for which,the twice schools has,togheter k girls, fund f(k) and the valute of k, for which f(k) is maximum.
3 replies
soryn
Yesterday at 6:33 AM
soryn
4 hours ago
Trapezium inscribed in a circle
shivangjindal   27
N Apr 2, 2025 by andrewthenerd
Source: Balkan Mathematics Olympiad 2014 - Problem-3
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ with diameter $AB$. Let $E$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ . The circle with center $B$ and radius $BE$ meets $\Gamma$ at the points $K$ and $L$ (where $K$ is on the same side of $AB$ as $C$). The line perpendicular to $BD$ at $E$ intersects $CD$ at $M$. Prove that $KM$ is perpendicular to $DL$.

Greece - Silouanos Brazitikos
27 replies
shivangjindal
May 4, 2014
andrewthenerd
Apr 2, 2025
Trapezium inscribed in a circle
G H J
Source: Balkan Mathematics Olympiad 2014 - Problem-3
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shivangjindal
676 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Rounak_iitr
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ with diameter $AB$. Let $E$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ . The circle with center $B$ and radius $BE$ meets $\Gamma$ at the points $K$ and $L$ (where $K$ is on the same side of $AB$ as $C$). The line perpendicular to $BD$ at $E$ intersects $CD$ at $M$. Prove that $KM$ is perpendicular to $DL$.

Greece - Silouanos Brazitikos
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sedrikktl
102 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
Is that true?
I mean seems like LM is perpendicular to DK
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Aiscrim
409 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
Quite an easy and computable problem :D

Solution
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Aiscrim, May 6, 2014, 3:39 AM
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mathuz
1517 posts
#4 • 9 Y
Y by Sx763_, B101099, Davrbek, thczarif, ImSh95, Real_Math, Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
It's equivalent to prove that $KM=KC$.
Let $O$ is center of $(ABCD)$. We have $OECB$ is cyclic and tangents to $ME$. By radical lines theorem for $(O),(B),(OECB)$ we get that $ME,BC,KL$ are concurrent at one point $P$. Since $ME\parallel AD$ we have $ \angle PMC=\angle PCM$ and $PM=PC$. $KL\perp AB$ it gives $KL\perp MC$ and $PK\perp MC$. So $KM=KC$.

Hence the point $M$ is orthocenter of the triangle $KDL$. :wink:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by mathuz, Jan 27, 2022, 4:53 PM
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SamISI1
46 posts
#5 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
Assume that $<LAB=x$ and $<BDC=y$ It is enough to prove that $M$ is orthocentere of the triangle $ \triangle{KDL} $. In other words we have to prove that $DM=2Rcosx$. From base we clearly know that $PE$ parallel to $AD$. From theorem sinus we have $DE=DM cosy$; $\frac{AD} {sin2y}=\frac{DE} {cos2y}$. From general theorem sinus we have that
$2R=\frac{AD} {siny}$. Then $\frac{DM} {cos2x}=\frac{DE} {cos2x cosy}=\frac{AD cos2y} {sin2y cosy cos2x}=\frac{AD} {siny}$. To be brief we have to prove that $sin^2 xcos^2 y=\frac{1} {4}$. It is clearly shown that $ADMP$ is parallelogram.. $DM=AP$. $AB=AP+PB=2R$. From theorem sinus $BE=2R sinx$. Then $DM+\frac{2R sinx} {cosy}=2R$. we know $DM=\frac{DE} {cosy}$ as well as $DE=2R sinx cos2y$. Then we have $cos2y sinx+sinx=cosy$. then $2sinx cos^2 y=cosy $. Then we have $sinx cos y=\frac{1} {2}$. Problem has been proven.
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mathworld1
29 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
This problem was submitted by Greece. Does anyone know who proposed it?
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mathuz
1517 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10
i don't understand! Why there written 'where $K$ is on the same side of $AB$ as $C$'?
Of course, $M$ is orthocenter of the triangle $ DKL$, so $LM\perp DK$.
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NickNafplio
422 posts
#8 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, and 1 other user
mathworld1 wrote:
This problem was submitted by Greece. Does anyone know who proposed it?

Yes, It was proposed by the Greek team leader: Silouanos Brazitikos (Silouan in this forum)
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cretanman
430 posts
#9 • 4 Y
Y by reshadqedim, ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
There is an analytic geometry solution using very simple calculations. You can see it here http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=206825#p206825 (I am sure that you can understand it).

Alexandros
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StanleyST
46 posts
#10 • 4 Y
Y by Chevrolet23, ImSh95, Adventure10, and 1 other user
Let $X=ME \cap BC$. We know that $\angle XEC=\angle XBE \Rightarrow \Delta EBC $ and $\Delta XEC$ are equivalent triangles. Thus $XE^2=XC*XB$ so $X$ lie on the radical axis $\Rightarrow M$ and $C$ are symetric wrt. radical axis, so by previous observation, $M$ is the orthocenter of triangle $DKL$ .
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NewAlbionAcademy
910 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
$ME$ meets $BC$ on the radical axis, and the rest follows. This implies that $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$.

Note also that $E$ is the incenter of $\triangle DKL$. In fact, this is the exact same configuration as in this problem.
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polya78
105 posts
#12 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $\Omega$ be the circle with center $B$, $O$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$, and let $ME,KL$ intersect $AB$ at $P,S$ respectively.

Then $A,S$ are inverses with respect to $\Omega$, as are $P,O$. So $AP= 2* OS$, which means that $DM=AP=2*OS$, which implies that $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$.
Attachments:
balkan.pdf (397kb)
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jlammy
1099 posts
#13 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, and 1 other user
My solution is similar to mathuz and StanleyST.

My solution
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sayantanchakraborty
505 posts
#14 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $ME \cap BC=X$.Then it is easy to see that $XE^2=XC \times XB \Rightarrow X$ lies on the radical axis of the two circles,or in other words $X,K,L$ are collinear.From this it immediately follows that $MK=MC$(note that $ABCD$ is an isosceles trapezoid).Then $\angle{DLK}=\angle{DCK}=\angle{MCK}=\angle{CMK}=180-\angle{CMJ} \Rightarrow LCMJ$ is cyclic.Thus $\angle{KJL}=\angle{MJL}=\angle{MCL}=90^{\circ}$ or in other words $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle{LKD}$.
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buzzychaoz
178 posts
#15 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
Note $B$ is the midpoint of arc $\overarc{KL}$ not containing $D$, and since $BE=BK=BL$ we see that $E$ is the incenter of $\triangle DKL$. Let the incircle of $\triangle DKL$ touch $KL$ at $F$, let $G$ be the reflection of $F$ across $E$, let $O$ be the midpoint of $AB$, and $M'$ the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$.

From IO//BC implies AO//HK, we see that $D,G,O$ are collinear and $DGFM'$ is a parallelogram. From $GE//OB$ and $OD=OB$, $\Rightarrow GD=GE$. Let $N$ be the midpoint of $DM'$, it follows that $DGEN$ is a rhombus so $DE\perp GN\Rightarrow DE\perp EM'$ so $M'\equiv M$, giving $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$.
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EulerMacaroni
851 posts
#16 • 2 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10
Applying the radical axis theorem on $\Gamma$, the circle through $B, C$ and $E$, and the circle centered at $B$ with radius $BE$, lines $KL$, $BC$, and $EM$ are concurrent at a point $F$. Remark that $BE\perp EM$ and $BE \perp AD$; hence $AD \parallel EM$. Now, let $G \equiv ME \cap AB$; clearly $MGCB$ is an isosceles trapezoid; hence, line $ME$ is the reflection of line $BC$ about line $KL$. But $MC \perp KL$, which implies that $C$ is the reflection of $M$ over line $KL$. However, $DM\perp KL$, and the reflection of $M$, $C$, lies on the circumcircle of $DKL$, whence $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$, as desired$.\:\blacksquare\:$
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Satvikgupta
17 posts
#17 • 3 Y
Y by ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
The problem can also be solved using coordinate geometry. Take the center of ABC as origin and AB as X-axis. then simply write the equations of the given lines and their intersection points.
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kapilpavase
595 posts
#18 • 5 Y
Y by anantmudgal09, Farruxjon_fallen, ImSh95, Adventure10, Mango247
An interesting overkill....
Observe that $E$ is the incentre & $C$ is the $D$ mixtilinear point of $DLK$.Since $ME\perp DE$ it is well known that $EM,LK,BC$ are concurrent...and its easy from here as shown by posts above ;)
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Tumon2001
449 posts
#19 • 3 Y
Y by Farruxjon_fallen, ImSh95, Adventure10
This has also got a solution using inversion. Here it is:

Solution: Let $BC\cap KL=N $.

Claim: $C $ and $M $ are reflections of each other in $KL $.

Proof of the claim: Consider the inversion $\Psi $ around $\Gamma$. It is easy to see that $\odot (BCE) $ and $\Gamma$ are tangent to each other at $E $. Now, $\Psi (NE)=\odot (BCE)\implies NE $ is tangent to $\odot (BCE) $ at $E\implies M $ lies on $NE $. As $ME\parallel AD $, so, $NM=NC$. The claim now follows immediately as $KL\perp CD $.

Main problem: It is easy to deduce from our claim using angle chase that $M $ is the orthocenter of $\Delta DKL\implies MK\perp DL $.
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anantmudgal09
1980 posts
#20 • 3 Y
Y by Farruxjon_fallen, ImSh95, Adventure10
shivangjindal wrote:
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ with diameter $AB$. Let $E$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ . The circle with center $B$ and radius $BE$ meets $\Gamma$ at the points $K$ and $L$ (where $K$ is on the same side of $AB$ as $C$). The line perpendicular to $BD$ at $E$ intersects $CD$ at $M$. Prove that $KM$ is perpendicular to $DL$.

Greece - Silouanos Brazitikos

Let $X$ be a point on $\overline{AB}$ with $XB=XE$. Then $\triangle BEA \sim \triangle BXE$ hence $BE^2=BX \cdot BA$, proving $X=\overline{KL} \cap \overline{AB}$. Now reflect $E, M$ in $X$ to obtain $E^{*}, M^{*}$. Then $\angle DBE^{*}=90^{\circ}$ and $\overline{E^{*}M^{*}} \parallel \overline{EM}$ hence $\overline{DM^{*}}$ is a diameter in $\Gamma$. Thus, $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$ and the claim follows. $\blacksquare$
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Farruxjon_fallen
2 posts
#21 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
sedrikktl wrote:
Is that true?
I mean seems like LM is perpendicular to DK

It's also true btw
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Chevrolet23
11 posts
#22 • 1 Y
Y by ImSh95
All are good solution
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Ibrahim_K
62 posts
#23
Y by
We use complex numbers.Set $(ABC)$ unit circle...so that
$$a=-1,b=1,d=-\frac{1}{c},l=\frac{1}{k}$$Let us firstly note that
$$BE=BK \iff (k-1)(\bar{k}-1)=(e-1)(\bar{e}-1) \iff k+\frac{1}{k}=2-\frac{4c}{(c+1)^2}(\spadesuit)$$Since $M$ lies on $DC$
$$m+\bar{m}dc=d+c \iff \bar{m}=\frac{1}{c}+m-c \  \  \  \ (1)$$On the other hand $ME \bot BE$
$$\frac{m-e}{1-e}+\frac{\bar{m}-\bar{e}}{1-\bar{e}}=0 \iff \bar{m}=\frac{(m-e)(1-\bar{e})}{e-1} \  \  \  \ (2)$$Equalizing $1$ and $2$ yields
$$m=\frac{(c-1)(2c^2+c+1)}{(c+1)^2}$$
Now we are going to show $M$ is orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$ which suffices to show that $m=d+k+l$
$$m=d+k+l \iff \frac{(c-1)(2c^2+c+1)}{(c+1)^2}=k+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{c} \implies \text{ using } \spadesuit \text { gives LHS=RHS }$$
So we are done! :)
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trinhquockhanh
522 posts
#24
Y by
$\text{nice one, a solution without using trigonometric ratio:}$
https://i.ibb.co/x13SMBf/2014-BMO-P3.png
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Tellocan
35 posts
#25 • 3 Y
Y by Mirhabib, ismayilzadei1387, bmoimo
Similar to some solutions above. It's obvious that $ME$ is tangent to $(KEL)$.Let $KM$ intersect $DL$ at $J$.
First, observe that $ME$ is tangent to $(CEB)$. This is doable through easy angle-chasing.(More precisely, let $\angle EBK$ be $2x$ and $\angle KEC$ be $y$. Then, $\angle KEM$ is $x$ and so $\angle CEB$ is $90-x-y$. Therefore, $\angle CBE$ is $x+y$ and so $\angle CBE$ is equal to $\angle CEM$, as desired.)
Now, use the radical axis theorem to $(ABCD)$,$(ECB)$ and $(KEL)$.Since $ME$ is tangent to both of the latter $2$ circles, their radical axis is $ME$. $KL$ intersects $CM$ at $X$.
As a result, $ME$, $KL$ and $BC$ are concurrent. Let the concurrency point be $P$. Note that $ME$ and $AD$ are perpendicular to $BD$ , so $ME$ is parallel to $AD$. Therefore, $\angle EMC$ is equal to $\angle MCB$ , or equivalently, $\triangle PMC$ is isosceles. Since $KL$ is perpendicular to $AB$, we get that $PK$ is the perpendicular bisector of $MC$. In other words, $KM$=$KC$.
Finally, we get that $\angle DMJ$=$\angle KMC$=$\angle KCM$=$\angle KLD$ , and so $JMXD$ is cyclic. We are done. :-D
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SimplisticFormulas
97 posts
#27
Y by
aah found a slick soln

Let $EM \cap KL=T$ and $ KL \cap BD=R$
CLAIM 1: $T-C-B$
PROOF: Indeed, note that $TE$ is tangent to $(KEL) $
$\implies TE^2=TK \cdot TL$. Since $AB$ is a diameter, $AD \perp MD $
$\implies ME \parallel AD $
$\implies \angle CEB=\angle CBD=\angle CAD =\angle CET $
$\implies TE$ is tangent to $(CEB) $
$\implies TE^2= TC \cdot TB= TK \cdot TL$. Since $B,C,K,L$ are concyclic , we get $T-C-B$.

CLAIM 2: $T,C,R,D$ are concyclic
PROOF: Consider an inversion around $(B,BE)=(KEL)$. Note that $(ABCD) \mapsto KL$, so $C \mapsto T$ and $R \mapsto D$, so $T,C,R,D$ are concyclic.

In particular, $C$ is reflection of $M$ in $KL$ since $M$ is the orthocentre of $\triangle TDR$. This implies that $M$ is also the orthocentre of $\triangle KDL \implies KM \perp DL$ as required. $\blacksquare$.
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Nari_Tom
116 posts
#28
Y by
By using radical axis theorem on the circles $(ABC)$, $(CEB)$, $KEL$ we deduce that $EM$, $BC$, $KL$ are concurrent. Since $DA$ and $EM$ are parallel $GM=GC$. So $M$ and $C$ are symetryc about $KL$ we know that $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$
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andrewthenerd
17 posts
#29
Y by
Solution. Let $EM \cap BC=G$, then $\angle GMC = \frac{\pi}{2}- \angle EDC = \frac{\pi}{2} - \angle CAB = \angle ABC = MCG$, so $G$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $MC$, Furthermore, $CE\perp BC$ and $BE \perp GE \implies GE^2 = GC\cdot GB$ so $G$ lies on the radical axis of both circles, hence $G,K,L$ collinear. Note that the radical axis must be a line perpendicular to $AB\parallel DC$, so the radical axis is precisely the perpendicular bisector of $MC$, so $M,C$ are reflections across $KL$, hence $M$ is the orthocenter of $\triangle DKL$ and we are done.
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