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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Inequality with a,b,c
GeoMorocco   0
16 minutes ago
Source: Morocco Training
Let $a,b,c$ be positive real numbers. Prove that:
$$\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3}+\sqrt[3]{b^3+c^3}+\sqrt[3]{c^3+a^3}\geq \sqrt[3]{2}(a+b+c)$$
0 replies
GeoMorocco
16 minutes ago
0 replies
Abusing surjectivity
Sadigly   7
N 26 minutes ago by Sadigly
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{Q}\rightarrow\mathbb{Q}$ and $g:\mathbb{Q}\rightarrow\mathbb{Q}$ such that

$$f(f(x)+yg(x))=(x+1)g(y)+f(y)$$
for any $x;y\in\mathbb{Q}$
7 replies
Sadigly
3 hours ago
Sadigly
26 minutes ago
Ratio of lengths
Sadigly   1
N 42 minutes ago by Frd_19_Hsnzde
In a triangle $ABC$, $I$ is the incenter. Line $CI$ intersects circumcircle of $ABC$ at $L$, and it is given that $CI=2IL$. $M;N$ are points chosen on $AB$ such that $\angle AIM=\angle BIN=90$. Prove that $AB=2MN$
1 reply
Sadigly
2 hours ago
Frd_19_Hsnzde
42 minutes ago
Mock 22nd Thailand TMO P4
korncrazy   1
N an hour ago by YaoAOPS
Source: own
Let $n$ be a positive integer. In an $n\times n$ table, an upright path is a sequence of adjacent cells starting from the southwest corner to the northeast corner such that the next cell is either on the top or on the right of the previous cell. Find the smallest number of grids one needs to color in an $n\times n$ table such that there exists only one possible upright path not containing any colored cells.
1 reply
korncrazy
3 hours ago
YaoAOPS
an hour ago
Stylish Numbers
pedronis   0
4 hours ago
A positive even integer $n$ is called stylish if the set $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ can be partitioned into $\frac{n}{2}$ pairs such that the sum of the elements in each pair is a power of $3$. For example, $6$ is stylish because the set $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$ can be partitioned as $\{1,2\}, \{3,6\}, \{4,5\}$, with sums $3$, $9$, and $9$ respectively. Determine the number of stylish numbers less than $3^{2025}$.
0 replies
pedronis
4 hours ago
0 replies
New geometry problem
titaniumfalcon   4
N 5 hours ago by titaniumfalcon
Post any solutions you have, with explanation or proof if possible, good luck!
4 replies
titaniumfalcon
Apr 3, 2025
titaniumfalcon
5 hours ago
A rather difficult question
BeautifulMath0926   1
N 5 hours ago by jasperE3
I got a difficult equation for users to solve:
Find all functions f: R to R, so that to all real numbers x and y,
1+f(x)f(y)=f(x+y)+f(xy)+xy(x+y-2) holds.
1 reply
BeautifulMath0926
Today at 11:10 AM
jasperE3
5 hours ago
Combinatorics.
NeileshB   0
5 hours ago
An odd integer is written in each cell of a 2009  2009 table. For 1  i  2009 let Ri be
the sum of the numbers in the ith row, and for 1  j  2009 let Cj be the sum of the
numbers in the jth column. Finally, let A be the product of the Ri, and B the product of
the Cj . Prove that A + B is different from zero.

I really need help on this. Can people give me hints? I don’t know where to start.
0 replies
NeileshB
5 hours ago
0 replies
how many quadrilaterals ?
Ecrin_eren   0
6 hours ago
"All the diagonals of an 11-gon are drawn. How many quadrilaterals can be formed using these diagonals as sides? (The vertices of the quadrilaterals are selected from the vertices of the 11-gon.)"
0 replies
Ecrin_eren
6 hours ago
0 replies
NC State Math Contest Wake Tech Regional Problems and Solutions
mathnerd_101   10
N Today at 2:51 PM by mathnerd_101
Problem 1: Determine the area enclosed by the graphs of $$y=|x-2|+|x-4|-2, y=-|x-3|+4.$$ Hint
Solution to P1

Problem 2: Calculate the sum of the real solutions to the equation $x^\frac{3}{2} -9x-16x^\frac{1}{2} +144=0.$
Hint
Solution to P2



Problem 3: List the two transformations needed to convert the graph $\frac{x-1}{x+2}$ to $\frac{3x-6}{x-1}.$
Hint
Solution to P3

Problem 4: Let $a,b$ be positive real numbers such that $a^2-b^2=20,$ and $a^3-b^3=120.$ Determine the value of $a+\frac{b^2}{a+b}.$
Hint
Solution for P4

Problem 5: Eve and Oscar are playing a game where they roll a fair, six-sided die. If an even number occurs on two consecutive rolls, then Eve wins. If an odd number is immediately followed by an even number, Oscar wins. The die is rolled until one person wins. What is the probability that Oscar wins?
Hint
Solution to P5

Problem 6: In triangle $ABC,$ $M$ is on point $\overline{AB}$ such that $AM = x+32$ and $MB=x+12$ and $N$ is a point on $\overline{AC}$ such that $MN=2x+1$ and $BC=x+22.$ Given that $\overline{MN} || \overline{BC},$ calculate $MN.$
Hint
Solution to P6

Problem 7: Determine the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic of polynomial $Q(x),$ given that $$Q(0)=72, Q(1) = 75, Q(3) = 63.$$
Hint

Solution to Problem 7

Problem 8:
Hint
Solution to P8

Problem 9:
Find the sum of all real solutions to $$(x-4)^{log_8(4x-16)} = 2.$$ Hint
Solution to P9

Problem 10:
Define the function
\[f(x) = 
\begin{cases} 
x - 9, & \text{if } x > 100 \\ 
f(f(x + 10)), & \text{if } x \leq 100 
\end{cases}\]
Calculate \( f(25) \).

Hint

Solution to P10

Problem 11:
Let $a,b,x$ be real numbers such that $$log_{a-b} (a+b) = 3^{a+b}, log_{a+b} (a-b) = 125 \cdot 15^{b-a}, a^2-b^2=3^x. $$Find $x.$
Hint

Solution to P11

Problem 12: Points $A,B,C$ are on circle $Q$ such that $AC=2,$ $\angle AQC = 180^{\circ},$ and $\angle QAB = 30^{\circ}.$ Determine the path length from $A$ to $C$ formed by segment $AB$ and arc $BC.$

Hint
Solution to P12

Problem 13: Determine the number of integers $x$ such that the expression $$\frac{\sqrt{522-x}}{\sqrt{x-80}} $$is also an integer.
Hint

Solution to Problem 13

Problem 14: Determine the smallest positive integer $n$ such that $n!$ is a multiple of $2^15.$

Hint
Solution to Problem 14

Problem 15: Suppose $x$ and $y$ are real numbers such that $x^3+y^3=7,$ and $xy(x+y)=-2.$ Calculate $x-y.$
Funnily enough, I guessed this question right in contest.

Hint
Solution to Problem 15

Problem 16: A sequence of points $p_i = (x_i, y_i)$ will follow the rules such that
\[
p_1 = (0,0), \quad p_{i+1} = (x_i + 1, y_i) \text{ or } (x_i, y_i + 1), \quad p_{10} = (4,5).
\]How many sequences $\{p_i\}_{i=1}^{10}$ are possible such that $p_1$ is the only point with equal coordinates?

Hint
Solution to P16

Problem 18: (Also stolen from akliu's blog post)
Calculate

$$\sum_{k=0}^{11} (\sqrt{2} \sin(\frac{\pi}{4}(1+2k)))^k$$
Hint
Solution to Problem 18

Problem 19: Determine the constant term in the expansion of $(x^3+\frac{1}{x^2})^{10}.$

Hint
Solution to P19

Problem 20:

In a magical pond there are two species of talking fish: trout, whose statements are always true, and \emph{flounder}, whose statements are always false. Six fish -- Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta -- live together in the pond. They make the following statements:
Alpha says, "Delta is the same kind of fish as I am.''
Beta says, "Epsilon and Zeta are different from each other.''
Gamma says, "Alpha is a flounder or Beta is a trout.''
Delta says, "The negation of Gamma's statement is true.''
Epsilon says, "I am a trout.''
Zeta says, "Beta is a flounder.''

How many of these fish are trout?

Hint
Solution to P20
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. Five people randomly choose a positive integer less than or equal to $10.$ The probability that at least two people choose the same number can be written as $\frac{m}{n}.$ Find $m+n.$

Hint
Solution to S1

2. Define a function $F(n)$ on the positive integers using the rule that for $n=1,$ $F(n)=0.$ For all prime $n$, $F(n) = 1,$ and for all other $n,$ $F(xy)=xF(y) + yF(x).$ Find the smallest possible value of $n$ such that $F(n) = 2n.$

Hint
Solution to S2

3. How many integers $n \le 2025$ can be written as the sum of two distinct, non-negative integer powers of $3?$
Huge shoutout to OTIS for teaching me how to solve problems like this.

Hint

Solution to S3

4. Let $S$ be the set of positive integers of $x$ such that $x^2-5y^2=1$ for some other positive integer $y.$ Find the only three-digit value of $x$ in $S.$
Hint
Solution to S4

5. Let $N$ be a positive integer and let $M$ be the integer that is formed by removing the first three digits from $N.$ Find the value of $N$ with least value such that $N = 2025M.$
Hint

Solution to S5
10 replies
mathnerd_101
Apr 11, 2025
mathnerd_101
Today at 2:51 PM
fractional part
Ecrin_eren   0
Today at 2:51 PM
{x^2}+{x}=0.64

How many positive real values of x satisfy this equation?
0 replies
Ecrin_eren
Today at 2:51 PM
0 replies
Problem of power of 2
nhathhuyyp5c   0
Today at 2:18 PM
Let $a,b,c$ be odd positive integers such that $a>b$ and both $a^2+c$ and $b^2+c$ are powers of 2. Prove that $ac>2b^2.$
0 replies
nhathhuyyp5c
Today at 2:18 PM
0 replies
geometry parabola problem
smalkaram_3549   10
N Today at 2:05 PM by ReticulatedPython
How would you solve this without using calculus?
10 replies
smalkaram_3549
Friday at 9:52 PM
ReticulatedPython
Today at 2:05 PM
number of contestants
Ecrin_eren   0
Today at 2:01 PM




In a mathematics competition with 10 questions, every group of 3 questions is solved by more than half of the participants. No participant has solved any 7 questions. Exactly one participant has solved 6 questions. What could be the number of participants?
1994
2000
2013
2048
None of the above
0 replies
Ecrin_eren
Today at 2:01 PM
0 replies
Geometry Finale: Incircles and concurrency
lminsl   173
N Apr 4, 2025 by Parsia--
Source: IMO 2019 Problem 6
Let $I$ be the incentre of acute triangle $ABC$ with $AB\neq AC$. The incircle $\omega$ of $ABC$ is tangent to sides $BC, CA$, and $AB$ at $D, E,$ and $F$, respectively. The line through $D$ perpendicular to $EF$ meets $\omega$ at $R$. Line $AR$ meets $\omega$ again at $P$. The circumcircles of triangle $PCE$ and $PBF$ meet again at $Q$.

Prove that lines $DI$ and $PQ$ meet on the line through $A$ perpendicular to $AI$.

Proposed by Anant Mudgal, India
173 replies
lminsl
Jul 17, 2019
Parsia--
Apr 4, 2025
Geometry Finale: Incircles and concurrency
G H J
Source: IMO 2019 Problem 6
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lminsl
544 posts
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Let $I$ be the incentre of acute triangle $ABC$ with $AB\neq AC$. The incircle $\omega$ of $ABC$ is tangent to sides $BC, CA$, and $AB$ at $D, E,$ and $F$, respectively. The line through $D$ perpendicular to $EF$ meets $\omega$ at $R$. Line $AR$ meets $\omega$ again at $P$. The circumcircles of triangle $PCE$ and $PBF$ meet again at $Q$.

Prove that lines $DI$ and $PQ$ meet on the line through $A$ perpendicular to $AI$.

Proposed by Anant Mudgal, India
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by djmathman, Jul 17, 2019, 12:31 PM
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babu2001
402 posts
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This problem was proposed by Anant Mudgal, India
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tastymath75025
3223 posts
#3 • 37 Y
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Nice problem :)

First note $\angle BQC=\angle BQP+\angle CQP = \angle BFP+\angle CEP = \frac{1}{2}\overarc{EDF} = \angle BIC$ so $BQIC$ is cyclic. Now let $PQ\cap (BIC) = Y$. The main claim is that $FREP, BICY$ are similar. Both quadrilaterals are cyclic, so it suffices to show the measures of the corresponding arcs on the two circles are equal. Clearly $\overarc{FR}, \overarc{BI}$ are both equal to $\angle C$, and similarly $\overarc{RE},\overarc{CI}$ are also equal. Also, $\overarc{FP} = 2\angle BFP=2\angle BQP = \overarc{BY}$ and similarly $\overarc{EP}=\overarc{CY}$, so $FREP, BICY$ are similar.

Now we ignore $Q$ and let $X\in DI$ with $AX\perp AI$; it suffices to show $P,X,Y$ are collinear. Let $D'$ be the antipode to $D$ on $\omega$ and $A_1,B_1,C_1$ be the midpoints of $EF,DF,DE$. Note that $(R,P;E,F)$ is obviously harmonic, so similarity implies $(B,C;I,Y)$ is too. It's well-known that $D',M,P$ are collinear (say, by projecting harmonic bundle $(R,P;E,F)$ through $D'$ onto $EF$). Meanwhile, inversion with respect to $\omega$ sends $B,C$ to $B_1,C_1$ and sends $I$ to infinity, so to preserve the harmonic bundle $(B,C;I,Y)$ the inversion must send $Y$ to the midpoint $Y'$ of $B_1C_1$. Finally, let $X'$ be the foot of the projection from $A_1$ to $DI$, so clearly $X',X$ correspond in the inversion.

Now after inversion we wish to show $P,Y',X',I$ are concyclic. Let $D_1 = DA_1\cap \omega$; clearly $D_1D'X'A_1$ is cyclic with diameter $A_1D'$, so $DA_1\cdot DD_1 = DX'\cdot DD'$. Since $I,Y'$ are midpoints of $DD', DA_1$ this implies $DI\cdot DX' = DY'\cdot DD_1$ so $D_1\in (IX'Y')$. Now note that $IY'||D'P$ so $\angle PIY' = \angle IPD' = \angle ID'P = \angle DD'P =\angle DD_1P=\angle Y'D_1P$, so $P\in (D_1IX'Y')$ and we're done.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by tastymath75025, Jul 17, 2019, 12:54 PM
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Mr.Chagol
249 posts
#4 • 14 Y
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So congrats Anant for this great prob
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v_Enhance
6872 posts
#7 • 54 Y
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We use complex numbers with $D=x$, $E=y$, $F=z$. Then $A = \frac{2yz}{y+z}$, $R = \frac{-yz}{x}$ and so \[ P = \frac{A-R}{1-R\overline{A}} 	= \frac{\frac{2yz}{y+z} + \frac{yz}{x}} 	{1 + \frac{yz}{x} \cdot \frac{2}{y+z}} 	= \frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{2yz+x(y+z)}. \]We now compute \begin{align*} 	O_B &= \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & P \overline P & 1 \\ 		F & F \overline F & 1 \\ 		B & B \overline B & 1 	\end{bmatrix} 	\div \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & \overline P & 1 \\ 		F & \overline F & 1 \\ 		B & \overline B & 1 	\end{bmatrix} 	= \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & 1 & 1 \\ 		z & 1 & 1 \\ 		\frac{2xz}{x+z} & \frac{4xz}{(x+z)^2} & 1 	\end{bmatrix} 	\div \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & 1/P & 1 \\ 		z & 1/z & 1 \\ 		\frac{2xz}{x+z} & \frac{2}{x+z} & 1 	\end{bmatrix} \\ 	&= \frac{1}{x+z} \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & 0 & 1 \\ 		z & 0 & 1 \\ 		2xz(x+z) & -(x-z)^2 & (x+z)^2 	\end{bmatrix} 	\div \det \begin{bmatrix} 		P & 1/P & 1 \\ 		z & 1/z & 1 \\ 		2xz & 2 & x+z 	\end{bmatrix} \\ 	&= \frac{(x-z)^2}{x+z} \cdot \frac{P-z}{(x+z)(P/z-z/P)+2z-2x + \frac{2xz}{P}-2P} \\ 	&= \frac{(x-z)^2}{x+z} \cdot \frac{P-z}{ 		(\frac xz-1) P - 2(x-z) + (xz-z^2) \frac 1P  } \\ 	&= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{P-z}{P/z + z/P - 2} 	= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{P-z}{\frac{(P-z)^2}{Pz}} 	= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac 1z - \frac 1P} \\ 	&= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{y(2x+y+z)}{y(2x+y+z) - (2yz+xy+xz)} 	= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{xy+y^2-yz-xz} \\ 	&= \frac{x-z}{x+z} \cdot \frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{(y-z)(x+y)}. \end{align*}Similarly \[ O_C = \frac{x-y}{x+y} \cdot \frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{(z-y)(x+z)}. \]Therefore, subtraction gives \[ O_B-O_C 	= 	\frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{(x+y)(x+z)(y-z)} 	\left[ (x-z)+(x-y) \right] 	= \frac{yz(2x+y+z)(2x-y-z)}{(x+y)(x+z)(z-y)}. \]It remains to compute $T$. Since $T \in \overline{ID}$ we have $t/x \in {\mathbb R}$ so $\overline t = t/x^2$. Also, \begin{align*} 	\frac{t - \frac{2yz}{y+z}}{y+z} \in i {\mathbb R} 	\implies 0 &= \frac{t-\frac{2yz}{y+z}}{y+z} 	+ \frac{\frac{t}{x^2}-\frac{2}{y+z}}{\frac1y+\frac1z} \\ 	&= \frac{1+\frac{yz}{x^2}}{y+z} t - \frac{2yz}{(y+z)^2} - \frac{2yz}{(y+z)^2} \\ 	\implies t &= \frac{x^2}{x^2+yz} \cdot \frac{4yz}{y+z} \end{align*}Thus \begin{align*} 	P-T &= \frac{yz(2x+y+z)}{2yz+x(y+z)} - \frac{4x^2yz}{(x^2+yz)(y+z)} \\ 	&= yz \cdot \frac{(2x+y+z)(x^2+yz)(y+z) - 4x^2(2yz+xy+xz)} 		{(y+z)(x^2+yz)(2yz+xy+xz)} \\ 	&= -yz \cdot \frac{(2x-y-z)(x^2y+x^2z+4xyz+y^2z+yz^2)} 		{(y+z)(x^2+yz)(2yz+xy+xz)}. \end{align*}This gives $\overline{PT} \perp \overline{O_B O_C}$ as needed.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by v_Enhance, Jul 20, 2019, 8:48 PM
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Systematicworker
83 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, ehuseyinyigit
Is there any solution using famous lemmas related to incircle and circumcircle?
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JND
658 posts
#12 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Last year, there was also a Geometry problem on P6 of the day 2. Similarly, This year, there is also another geometry problem on P6.
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Math-wiz
6107 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
JND wrote:
Last year, there was also a Geometry problem on P6 of the day 2. Similarly, This year, there is also another geometry problem on P6.

There were 2 options for P6- Algebra or Geometry. I really wished for an Algebra, but P6 is rarely Algebra. So, it was pretty obvious that it would be a Geo
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armpist
527 posts
#14 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Dear MLs,

For a variable P on incircle the
locus of Q is Mension circle (BCI),
if it is of any help.

Friendly,
M.T.
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The_Maitreyo1
1039 posts
#15 • 13 Y
Y by Wizard_32, SHREYAS333, Hexagrammum16, RudraRockstar, Purple_Planet, Aryan-23, Hamroldt, TheMathCruncher_007, megarnie, EpicBird08, Adventure10, Mango247, PATRICKLIU
Oh my god feeling soooo good to see an Indian proposing a problem, more specifically a CMI undergrad :gleam:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by The_Maitreyo1, Jul 17, 2019, 1:59 PM
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Dr.Sop
206 posts
#16 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, ehuseyinyigit
Let $DI$ meet line through $A$ and perpendicular to $AI$ at at $L$. From angle chase $ALDP$ is cyclic. It allows us to make next

Generalization.

$ABC$ given $E, F$ are any points on sides $AC, AB$. $D$ any point. $I$ is the second intersection point of the circumcircles of $DFB$, $DCE$. $L$ is the intersection point of $DI$ and a line through $A$ and parallel to $EF$. $P$ is the second intersection point of the circumcircles of $ALD$, $DEF$. $Q$ is second intersection point of the circumcircles of $PBF, PCE$.

Prove that $P$, $Q$, $L$ are collinear.
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Dr.Sop
206 posts
#18 • 2 Y
Y by buratinogigle, Adventure10
Comment. It is nice problem, and the more general theory of quadric surfaces ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid ) gives a nice proof of it and better understanding. Actually this theory is a way how I found my generalization at previous post.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Dr.Sop, Jul 17, 2019, 2:21 PM
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PlsHelp
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#19 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Any solutions using mixtilinear incircles?
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MarkBcc168
1594 posts
#20 • 24 Y
Y by RudraRockstar, Polynom_Efendi, Pi-is-3, AmirKhusrau, Williamgolly, Purple_Planet, Pluto1708, Modesti, Illuzion, Aryan27, math31415926535, thrasher64, alinazarboland, Geometry285, hakN, jeteagle, sabkx, Jalil_Huseynov, Lamboreghini, Adventure10, Mango247, GeoKing, ehuseyinyigit, Kenken49
@above Here is my solution found during the contest. It uses Mixtilinear Incircle extensively.
Lemma 1: $AP$ pass through mixtilinear touchpoint $T$ of $\triangle ABC$.

Proof: Let $R'$ be the reflection of $R$ across $AI$. Clearly $R'$ is the antipode of $D$ w.r.t. $\omega$ so $AR'$ is $A$-Nagel cevian of $\triangle ABC$. Thus $AR$ pass through isogonal conjugate of Nagel point so it passes through $T$.
Lemma 2: $B,I,C,Q$ are concyclic.

Proof: Angle chasing
\begin{align*}
\measuredangle BQC &= \measuredangle BQP + \measuredangle PQC \\
&= \measuredangle BFP + \measuredangle CEP \\
&= \measuredangle FDP + \measuredangle PDE \\
&= \measuredangle FDE \\
&= \measuredangle BIC 
\end{align*}
Extend $PQ$ to meet $\odot(BIC)$ again at $K$. Then note that
$$\angle KBC = \angle KQC = \angle PQC = \angle PEC = \angle PFE$$so $\triangle KBC\sim\triangle PFE$. Further angle chasing gives $\angle RFE = 0.5\angle B$ so $\triangle BKC\cup I\sim\triangle PFE\cup R$. The latter quadrilateral is harmonic so the former is harmonic too. Thus if $N$ be the midpoint of arc $BAC$, then $K\in IN$.

Let $M$ be the other midpoint of arc $BC$ and $T$ be the mixtilinear touch-point. Thus $\angle MTN = 90^{\circ}$ which means $T$ is the midpoint of $IK$. Now, let $S$ be the center of $A$-mixtilinear incircle and $X=DI\cap AN$. So by Lemma 1 and homothety, $IP\parallel ST$. By Menelaus theorem on $\triangle ATN$ , it suffices to show that
$$\frac{AP}{PT}\cdot\frac{TK}{KN}\cdot\frac{NX}{XA}=1$$We compute the first term first, note that
$$\frac{AP}{PT} = \frac{AI}{IS} = \cot^2\frac{\angle A}{2}$$For the second term, we use Power of Point twice.
$$\frac{TK}{KN} = \frac{IT}{KN} = \frac{IT\cdot IN}{NK\cdot NI} = \frac{AI\cdot IM}{NB^2}$$And the last term note that $MN\parallel DI$ so,
$$\frac{NX}{XA} = \frac{MI}{IA}$$Thus multiplying all together, the resulting terms
$$\cot^2\frac{\angle A}{2}\cdot \frac{MI^2}{NB^2} = \cot^2\frac{\angle A}{2}\cdot \frac{MB^2}{NB^2}$$as $\tfrac{MB}{NB} = \tan\tfrac{\angle A}{2}$, we are done.
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This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by MarkBcc168, Jul 23, 2019, 10:49 AM
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duanby
76 posts
#21 • 4 Y
Y by NumberX, supercarry, Adventure10, IMUKAT
Assume J the intersection of DI and ex-anglebisector of A , then it's sufficient to prove the power of J to (BPF),(CPE) are the same, using Casey Theorem, sufficient to prove O_1L= O_2K, where O1, O2 the center of (BPF),(CPE), K,L the midpoint of BI,CI.
The rest is easy, consider triangle IO_1L and IO_2K, with sine law, sin(IO1L)/sin(IO2L) = PF/PE=RF/RE = BI/CI
done
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