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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
interesting inequality
pennypc123456789   3
N an hour ago by Quantum-Phantom
Let \( a,b,c \) be real numbers satisfying \( a+b+c = 3 \) . Find the maximum value of
\[P  = \dfrac{a(b+c)}{a^2+2bc+3} + \dfrac{b(a+c) }{b^2+2ca +3 } + \dfrac{c(a+b)}{c^2+2ab+3}.\]
3 replies
pennypc123456789
Wednesday at 9:47 AM
Quantum-Phantom
an hour ago
Old or new
sqing   0
an hour ago
Source: ZDSX 2025 Q845
Let $   a,b,c>0   $ and $  a^2+b^2+c^2+ abc=4   $ . Prove that $$1\leq \frac{1}{2a+bc }+ \frac{1}{2b+ca }+ \frac{1}{2c+ab }\leq  \frac{1}{\sqrt{abc} }$$
0 replies
1 viewing
sqing
an hour ago
0 replies
ineq.trig.
wer   15
N an hour ago by anduran
If a, b, c are the sides of a triangle, show that: $\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\frac{r}{R}\le2$
15 replies
wer
Jul 5, 2014
anduran
an hour ago
Problem 4 from IMO 1997
iandrei   29
N 2 hours ago by clarkculus
Source: IMO Shortlist 1997, Q4
An $ n \times n$ matrix whose entries come from the set $ S = \{1, 2, \ldots , 2n - 1\}$ is called a silver matrix if, for each $ i = 1, 2, \ldots , n$, the $ i$-th row and the $ i$-th column together contain all elements of $ S$. Show that:

(a) there is no silver matrix for $ n = 1997$;

(b) silver matrices exist for infinitely many values of $ n$.
29 replies
iandrei
Jul 28, 2003
clarkculus
2 hours ago
P(x^2)=-P(x)P(x+1)
VIATON   6
N 2 hours ago by Eagle116
Source: original problem: P(x^2)=P(x)P(x+1)
Find all polynomials $P(x)$ such that: $P(x^2)=-P(x)P(x+1)$
6 replies
VIATON
Oct 21, 2024
Eagle116
2 hours ago
evan chen??
Captainscrubz   0
2 hours ago
Let point $D$ and $E$ be on sides $AB$ and $AC$ respectively in $\triangle ABC$ such that $BD=BC=CE$. Let $O_1$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ADE$ and let $S=DC\cap EB$. Prove that $O_1S \perp BC$
0 replies
Captainscrubz
2 hours ago
0 replies
Problem 4 IMO 2005 (Day 2)
Valentin Vornicu   121
N 2 hours ago by sharknavy75
Determine all positive integers relatively prime to all the terms of the infinite sequence \[ a_n=2^n+3^n+6^n -1,\ n\geq 1. \]
121 replies
Valentin Vornicu
Jul 14, 2005
sharknavy75
2 hours ago
Junior Balkan Mathematical Olympiad 2024- P3
Lukaluce   14
N 2 hours ago by ray66
Source: JBMO 2024
Find all triples of positive integers $(x, y, z)$ that satisfy the equation

$$2020^x + 2^y = 2024^z.$$
Proposed by Ognjen Tešić, Serbia
14 replies
Lukaluce
Jun 27, 2024
ray66
2 hours ago
A property of divisors
rightways   12
N 2 hours ago by akliu
Source: Kazakhstan NMO 2016, P1
Prove that one can arrange all positive divisors of any given positive integer around a circle so that for any two neighboring numbers one is divisible by another.
12 replies
rightways
Mar 17, 2016
akliu
2 hours ago
Inspired by giangtruong13
sqing   0
3 hours ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c,d\geq 0 ,a-b+d=21 $ and $ a+3b+4c=101 $. Prove that
$$ 61\leq  a+b+2c+d\leq \frac{265}{3}$$$$- \frac{2121}{2}\leq   ab+bc-2cd+da\leq \frac{14045}{12}$$$$\frac{519506-7471\sqrt{7471}}{27}\leq   ab+bc-2cd+3da\leq 33620$$
0 replies
sqing
3 hours ago
0 replies
Synthetic Geometry Olympiad
kooooo   1
N 3 hours ago by kaede_Arcadia
Source: yyaa(me) and kaede_Arcadia
We are posting the problems of the Synthetic Geometry Olympiad, which was recently concluded and hosted by kaede_Arcadia and myself.

Problem 1
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be a triangle with its 9-point center \( N \) and excentral triangle \( \triangle I_A I_B I_C \). Denote the tangency points of the \( A \)-excircle with sides \( BC \), \( CA \), and \( AB \) as \( D_A, D_B, D_C \), respectively. Similarly, define \( E_A, E_B, E_C \) and \( F_A, F_B, F_C \) for the \( B \)- and \( C \)-excircles.
Let \( E_CE_A \cap F_AF_B = X \), \( F_AF_B \cap D_BD_C = Y \), and \( D_BD_C \cap E_CE_A = Z \). Let \( T \) be the radical center of the circles \( \odot(D_AYZ) \), \( \odot(E_BZX) \), and \( \odot(F_CXY) \).
Prove that the lines \( I_AX \), \( I_BY \), \( I_CZ, NT \) are concurrent.

Problem 2
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be a triangle with circumcenter \( O \), incenter \( I \) and incentral triangle \( \triangle DEF \). Let the line \( AI \) intersect \( \odot(AEF) \) again at \( X \). Similarly, define \( Y \) and \( Z \).
Let \( N_1 \) and \( N_2 \) be the 9-point centers of \( \triangle DEF \) and \( \triangle XYZ \), respectively.
Prove that the points \( O, I \), \( N_1, N_2 \) are collinear.

Problem 3
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be a triangle, and let \( (P, Q) \) be an isogonal conjugate pair. Suppose the line through \( P \) and perpendicular to \( AP \) intersects \( \odot(PBC) \) again at \( P_A \). Similarly, define \( P_B, P_C \). Suppose the line through \( Q \) and perpendicular to \( AQ \) intersects \( \odot(QBC) \) again at \( Q_A \). Similarly, define \( Q_B, Q_C \).
Let \( H_P \) and \( H_Q \) be the orthocenters of \( \triangle P_AP_BP_C \) and \( \triangle Q_AQ_BQ_C \), respectively. Define \( T = BP_B \cap CP_C \) and \( U = BQ_B \cap CQ_C \). Let \( T' \) and \( U' \) be the isogonal conjugates of \( T \) and \( U \) with respect to \( \triangle P_AP_BP_C \) and \( \triangle Q_AQ_BQ_C \), respectively.
Prove that the lines \( P_AQ_A, P_BQ_B, P_CQ_C, H_PH_Q, TU, T'U' \) are concurrent.
1 reply
kooooo
Feb 11, 2025
kaede_Arcadia
3 hours ago
maybe bary
top1vien   1
N 3 hours ago by Luis González
Given triangle $ABC$ with $BC=a,CA=b,AB=c$. Prove that a point $K$ lies on Euler line of $ABC$ iff $$KA^2(b^2-c^2)+KB^2(c^2-a^2)+KC^2(a^2-b^2)=0$$
1 reply
top1vien
Aug 8, 2024
Luis González
3 hours ago
Geometry
ILOVEMYFAMILY   0
4 hours ago

Let $\triangle ABC$ be a right triangle at $B$, and let $AD$ be the angle bisector of $\angle CAB$. From point $D$, draw $DH \perp AC$ at $H$. Extend $AB$ to meet $DH$ at point $I$. Prove that:
$$AB > \dfrac{AC + AD - BC}{2}$$
0 replies
ILOVEMYFAMILY
4 hours ago
0 replies
Inequality with a,b,c
GeoMorocco   1
N 4 hours ago by sqing
Source: Morocco Training 2025
Let $   a,b,c   $ be positive real numbers such that : $   ab+bc+ca=3   $ . Prove that : $$\frac{a\sqrt{3+bc}}{b+c}+\frac{b\sqrt{3+ca}}{c+a}+\frac{c\sqrt{3+ab}}{a+b}\ge a+b+c $$
1 reply
GeoMorocco
Yesterday at 9:51 PM
sqing
4 hours ago
Collinear points in a inscribed quadrilateral
Johann Peter Dirichlet   10
N Sep 18, 2022 by MathLuis
Source: I Brazilian Olympic Revenge 2002, Problem 2
\(ABCD\) is a inscribed quadrilateral.
\(P\) is the intersection point of its diagonals.
\(O\) is its circumcenter.
\(\Gamma\) is the circumcircle of \(ABO\).
\(\Delta\) is the circumcircle of \(CDO\).
\(M\) is the midpoint of arc \(AB\) on \(\Gamma\) who doesn't contain \(O\).
\(N\) is the midpoint of arc \(CD\) on \(\Delta\) who doesn't contain \(O\).

Show that \(M,N,P\) are collinear.
10 replies
Johann Peter Dirichlet
Jun 5, 2015
MathLuis
Sep 18, 2022
Collinear points in a inscribed quadrilateral
G H J
Source: I Brazilian Olympic Revenge 2002, Problem 2
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Johann Peter Dirichlet
375 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
\(ABCD\) is a inscribed quadrilateral.
\(P\) is the intersection point of its diagonals.
\(O\) is its circumcenter.
\(\Gamma\) is the circumcircle of \(ABO\).
\(\Delta\) is the circumcircle of \(CDO\).
\(M\) is the midpoint of arc \(AB\) on \(\Gamma\) who doesn't contain \(O\).
\(N\) is the midpoint of arc \(CD\) on \(\Delta\) who doesn't contain \(O\).

Show that \(M,N,P\) are collinear.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Johann Peter Dirichlet, Jun 5, 2015, 12:19 PM
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mathmatecS
172 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
I can't understand this question cause i'm korean
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sunken rock
4381 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by esi, Adventure10, Mango247
Just Newton theorem for a tangential quadrilateral!

Best regards,
sunken rock
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huynguyen
535 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by duyptnk0, mamavuabo, Adventure10
My solution:
Let $AD$ cuts $BC$ at $X$.
Note that $M$ is the intersection of the two tangencies of ($ABCD$) through $A, B$.We will show that $X, M, P$ are colinear.
Indeed, let $XP$ cuts $AB, CD$ at $U, V$ respectively and let $K$ be the intersection of $AB, CD$.
Since $XV, DB, AC$ are concurrent so by Menelaus theorem, we get ($S;V;D;C$)=-1 so $M(S;V;D;C)$=-1, which means ($S;M;A;B$)=-1.So $M, V$ are conjugate.
Note that $AB$ is the polar of $M$ wrt ($O$) and it passes $S$ so the polar of $S$ wrt ($O$), which passes $U,V$, also passes $M$.It leads to the fact that $X, M, P$ are colinear.
By using the power of $K$ wrt ($O$), it is easy to get $K$ lies on the radical axis of $(ABO)$ and ($ACO$).
Using Brocard theorem yields $MP$ is perpendicular to $OK$.
Similarly, $NP$ is perpendicular to $OK$, so $M,N, P$ are colinear.(Q.E.D) :-D
This post has been edited 5 times. Last edited by huynguyen, Jun 7, 2015, 11:04 AM
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huynguyen
535 posts
#5 • 3 Y
Y by duyptnk0, mamavuabo, Adventure10
Dear sunken rock, can you show me the way you applied Newton theorem to solve the problem?I have tried that theorem, but yielded no result :(
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sunken rock
4381 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by huynguyen, Adventure10, Mango247
huynguyen wrote:
Dear sunken rock, can you show me the way you applied Newton theorem to solve the problem?I have tried that theorem, but yielded no result :(

Let $X=AM\cap ND, Y=MB\cap CN, MYNX$ ia a tangential quadrilateral and, as per Newton, its diagonals $MN, XY$ and the lines connecting the tangency points of the opposite sides $MX, NY$ and $MY, NX$, i.e. $AC,BD$ are concurrent.

Best regards,
sunken rock
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farfadet29
95 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by huynguyen, Adventure10
hi!!

inverse the circle $(ABCD)$ with an inversion of center $O$ and then with an inversion of center $X=(AB)\cap (CD)$ and you get the classic figure for harmonic points :)

best regards too

ps: what is/says the newton theorem?
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Johann Peter Dirichlet
375 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Newton Theorem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_theorem_%28quadrilateral%29):

Let ABCD be a tangential quadrilateral with at most one pair of parallel sides. Furthermore let E and F the midpoints of its diagonals AC and BD and P be the center of its incircle. Given such a configuration the point P is located on the Newton line, that is line EF connecting the midpoints of the diagonals.
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PROF65
2016 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
quote=sunken rock]Just Newton theorem for a tangential quadrilateral!

Best regards,
sunken rock[/quote]

I think you mean Brianchon for degenerate case
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sunken rock
4381 posts
#10 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
PROF65 wrote:
quote=sunken rock]Just Newton theorem for a tangential quadrilateral!

Best regards,
sunken rock

I think you mean Brianchon for degenerate case[/quote]

When I learned geometry, this result was called Newton theorem, and the proof did not use Brianchon, but sine law only.

Best regards,
sunken rock
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MathLuis
1475 posts
#11
Y by
Let $AB \cap CD=E$ and $AD \cap BC=F$, notice that $M$ is the intersection of the tangents from $A,B$ to $(ABCD)$ and $N$ is the intersection of the tangents from $C,D$ to $(ABCD)$, now take polars w.r.t. $(ABCD)$ so we want $\mathcal P_M,\mathcal P_P, \mathcal P_N$ to be concurrenr but this holds by Brokard since $\mathcal P_M=AB$ and $\mathcal P_M=CD$ so they meet at $E$ and by brokard $\mathcal P_P=EF$ so they are concurrent at $E$, thus we are done :D
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