Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
EGMO magic square
Lukaluce   14
N 8 minutes ago by R9182
Source: EGMO 2025 P6
In each cell of a $2025 \times 2025$ board, a nonnegative real number is written in such a way that the sum of the numbers in each row is equal to $1$, and the sum of the numbers in each column is equal to $1$. Define $r_i$ to be the largest value in row $i$, and let $R = r_1 + r_2 + ... + r_{2025}$. Similarly, define $c_i$ to be the largest value in column $i$, and let $C = c_1 + c_2 + ... + c_{2025}$.
What is the largest possible value of $\frac{R}{C}$?

Proposed by Paulius Aleknavičius, Lithuania
14 replies
Lukaluce
Yesterday at 11:03 AM
R9182
8 minutes ago
Playing cards 1
prof.   0
13 minutes ago
In how many ways can a deck of 52 cards be divided among 13 players, each with 4 cards, so that one player has all 4 suits and the others have one suit?
0 replies
prof.
13 minutes ago
0 replies
hard problem
Cobedangiu   1
N 23 minutes ago by lbh_qys
Let $x,y>0$ and $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+1=\dfrac{10}{x+y+1}$. Find max $A$ (and prove):
$A=\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{xy}$
1 reply
Cobedangiu
an hour ago
lbh_qys
23 minutes ago
one cyclic formed by two cyclic
CrazyInMath   29
N an hour ago by NuMBeRaToRiC
Source: EGMO 2025/3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Points $B, D, E$, and $C$ lie on a line in this order and satisfy $BD = DE = EC$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AD$ and $AE$, respectively. Suppose triangle $ADE$ is acute, and let $H$ be its orthocentre. Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on lines $BM$ and $CN$, respectively, such that $D, H, M,$ and $P$ are concyclic and pairwise different, and $E, H, N,$ and $Q$ are concyclic and pairwise different. Prove that $P, Q, N,$ and $M$ are concyclic.
29 replies
CrazyInMath
Sunday at 12:38 PM
NuMBeRaToRiC
an hour ago
Find the angle
pythagorazz   4
N 4 hours ago by dudade
Let $X$ be a point inside equilateral triangle $ABC$ such that $AX=\sqrt{2},BX=3$, and $CX=\sqrt{5}$. Find the measure of $\angle{AXB}$ in degrees.
4 replies
pythagorazz
Yesterday at 9:07 AM
dudade
4 hours ago
Inequalities
sqing   12
N 4 hours ago by sqing
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers so that $ a+2b+3c=2 $ and $ 2ab+6bc+3ca =1. $ Show that
$$-\frac{1}{6} \leq ab-bc+ ca\leq \frac{1}{2}$$$$\frac{5-\sqrt{61}}{9} \leq a-b+c\leq \frac{5+\sqrt{61}}{9} $$
12 replies
sqing
Apr 9, 2025
sqing
4 hours ago
Probability
Ecrin_eren   4
N 5 hours ago by huajun78
In a board, James randomly writes A , B or C in each cell. What is the probability that, for every row and every column, the number of A 's modulo 3 is equal to the number of B's modulo 3?

4 replies
Ecrin_eren
Apr 3, 2025
huajun78
5 hours ago
Algebra book recomndaitons
idk12345678   3
N 5 hours ago by idk12345678
Im currently reading EGMO by Evan Chen and i was wondering if there was a similar book for olympiad algebra. I have egmo for geo and aops intermediate c&p for combo, and the intermediate number thoery transcripts for nt, but i couldnt really find anything for alg
3 replies
idk12345678
Yesterday at 10:45 PM
idk12345678
5 hours ago
Help with Competitive Geometry?
REACHAW   2
N Today at 12:09 AM by alextheadventurer
Hi everyone,
I'm struggling a lot with geometry. I've found algebra, number theory, and even calculus to be relatively intuitive. However, when I took geometry, I found it very challenging. I stumbled my way through the class and can do the basic 'textbook' geometry problems, but still struggle a lot with geometry in competitive math. I find myself consistently skipping the geometry problems during contests (even the easier/first ones).

It's difficult for me to see the solution path. I can do the simpler textbook tasks (eg. find congruent triangles) but not more complex ones (eg. draw these two lines to form similar triangles).

Do you have any advice, resources, or techniques I should try?
2 replies
REACHAW
Yesterday at 11:51 PM
alextheadventurer
Today at 12:09 AM
Algebra Problems
ilikemath247365   7
N Yesterday at 9:56 PM by alexheinis
Find all real $(a, b)$ with $a + b = 1$ such that

$(a + \frac{1}{a})^{2} + (b + \frac{1}{b})^{2} = \frac{25}{2}$.
7 replies
ilikemath247365
Yesterday at 4:52 PM
alexheinis
Yesterday at 9:56 PM
US Puzzle Championship Scorecards
djmathman   2
N Yesterday at 9:20 PM by zhoujef000
Some of the discussion in the Contests & Programs SMT thread reminded me of Scorecards puzzles from the US Puzzle Championship. They behave similarly to "24 game" puzzles, but the allowable operations are slightly expanded.

[quote="Scorecards rules"]
Operations are limited to addition ("+"), subtraction ("-"), multiplication ("x"), division ("/"), and exponentiation ("^").
Decimal points may be used; ...; use minus sign ("-") to indicate negative values. Use parentheses if needed to disambiguate operator precedence.
[/quote]
As an example, the puzzle $11 \leftarrow 5,8,9$ would have answer $8 + 9^{.5} = 11$.

These have appeared on the USPC three years: 2018, 2022, and 2023. Try your hand at these! Some of them are much more devious than they first appear.

[list=1]
[*] 2018
[list=a]
[*] $30\leftarrow 4, 5, 8$
[*] $25\leftarrow 2,6,9$
[*] $23\leftarrow 4,5,9$
[/list]
[*] 2022
[list=a]
[*] $13\leftarrow 3,6,7$
[*] $24\leftarrow 3,8,8$
[*] $25\leftarrow 3,3,4$
[/list]
[*] 2023
[list=a]
[*] $26\leftarrow 5,5,6$
[*] $15\leftarrow 2,6,8$
[*] $11\leftarrow 2,8,9$
[/list]
[/list]
2 replies
djmathman
Yesterday at 5:52 PM
zhoujef000
Yesterday at 9:20 PM
how many quadrilaterals ?
Ecrin_eren   4
N Yesterday at 7:59 PM by mathprodigy2011
"All the diagonals of an 11-gon are drawn. How many quadrilaterals can be formed using these diagonals as sides? (The vertices of the quadrilaterals are selected from the vertices of the 11-gon.)"
4 replies
Ecrin_eren
Sunday at 4:01 PM
mathprodigy2011
Yesterday at 7:59 PM
Trigonometry
pythagorazz   2
N Yesterday at 7:12 PM by vanstraelen
Let \( A \), \( B \), and \( C \) be the angles of an acute triangle such that
\[
\cos^2 A + \cos^2 B + 2 \sin A \sin B \cos C = \frac{34}{25},
\]and
\[
\cos^2 B + \cos^2 C + 2 \sin B \sin C \cos A = \frac{34}{25}.
\]Find
\[
\cos^2 C + \cos^2 A + 2 \sin C \sin A \cos B.
\]
2 replies
pythagorazz
Yesterday at 9:03 AM
vanstraelen
Yesterday at 7:12 PM
Vietnam Mock Test
imnotgoodatmathsorry   4
N Yesterday at 6:58 PM by no_room_for_error
Second Entrance Mock test for grade 10 specialized in Mathematics at High School for Gifted Students, HNUE, Vietnam
13/4/2025

Problem 1:
1) Let $a,b$ be positive reals. Prove that: $\frac{a}{a+1} + \frac{b}{b+2} < \frac{\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b}}{2}$
2) In a small garden there are $3$ rabbits and $3$ carrots. Each rabbit will choose randomly a carrot to eat. Find the probability of a carrot was chose by less than $2$ rabbit.
Problem 2:
1) Solve the equation system: $(x+y)(x^2+y^2)=567$ and $\sqrt{xy}(x+y)^2=243$
2) Let $a,b,c$ be positive rational numbers such that: $a+b+c=2\sqrt{abc}$
Problem 3:
Let triangle $ABC$ ($\angle A$, $\angle B$, $\angle C < 90$) with excircle $(O)$ and incircle $(I)$. Incircle $(I)$ touches $BC,CA,AB$ at $D,E,F$. The excircle with the diameter of $AI$ cuts excircle $(O)$ at $K$ ($K \neq A$). $KD$ cuts the excircle with the diameter of $AI$ at $P$ ($P \neq K$) and $AK$ cuts $BC$ at $Q$. Prove that:
1) $\Delta KEC$ ~ $\Delta KFB$ and $KD$ is the bisector of $\angle BKC$
2) $AP \bot  BC$
3) $IQ$ is the tangent line of the excircle of $\Delta IBC$
Problem 4,5: (will type tomorrow)
4 replies
imnotgoodatmathsorry
Sunday at 4:13 PM
no_room_for_error
Yesterday at 6:58 PM
Easy geo problem
rightways   4
N Jul 3, 2021 by primesarespecial
Source: Tuymaada 2016. junior league\ P2
The point $D$ on the altitude $AA_1$ of an acute triangle $ABC$ is such that
$\angle BDC=90^\circ$; $H$ is the orthocentre of $ABC$. A circle
with diameter $AH$ is constructed. Prove that the tangent drawn from $B$
to this circle is equal to $BD$.
4 replies
rightways
Jul 22, 2016
primesarespecial
Jul 3, 2021
Easy geo problem
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Tuymaada 2016. junior league\ P2
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
rightways
868 posts
#1 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
The point $D$ on the altitude $AA_1$ of an acute triangle $ABC$ is such that
$\angle BDC=90^\circ$; $H$ is the orthocentre of $ABC$. A circle
with diameter $AH$ is constructed. Prove that the tangent drawn from $B$
to this circle is equal to $BD$.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
FabrizioFelen
241 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Let $C_1\equiv CH\cap AB$ $\Longrightarrow$ $C_1\in \odot (BDC)$ and $C_1\in \odot (ACA_1)$ $\Longrightarrow$ $\measuredangle C_1DB=\measuredangle C_1CB=\measuredangle C_1AA_1$ $\Longrightarrow$ $BD$ is tangent to $\odot (ADC_1)$ $\Longrightarrow$ $BD^2=BC_1.BA...(1)$. Let $X\in \odot (AHC_1)$ such that $BX$ is tangent to $\odot (AHC_1)$ $\Longrightarrow$ $BX^2$ $=$ $BC_1.BA$ $...(2)$ $\Longrightarrow$ by $(1)$ and $(2)$ we get $BX=BD$.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Tsikaloudakis
978 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
see figure:
Attachments:
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Problem: Let $\Delta DEF$ be the orthic triangle WRT $\Delta ABC$ with orthocenter $H$. Let $M$ be midpoint of $\overline{BC}$. Let $N$ $\equiv$ $\odot (BFEC)$ $\cap$ $\overline{AD}$. Let $BL,BK$ be tangents from $B$ to $\odot (AEF)$. Show, $BK=BN=BL$

Proof: Let $N' \in \overline{AD}$, such $BK=BN'=BL$. Perform inversion $\Psi$ around $\odot (KLN')$. Since, $\Psi (F)$ $\equiv$ $A$ and $\Psi ( E) $ $\equiv$ $H$ $\implies$ $\Psi ( \odot (BFEC)) $ $\equiv$ $AH$ $\implies$ $N' \in \odot (BFEC)$ $\implies$ $N \equiv N'$
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
primesarespecial
364 posts
#5
Y by
Hehe,this was so simple and direct,but still I will write the solution. :blush:

From similarity ,we have $BD^2=BA_{1}.BC$.
From power of $B$ w.r.t $\odot(AC_{1}A_{1}C)$
$BA_{1}.BC=BC_{1}.BA=BD^2$.
Hence we are done.
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a