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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Hard inequality
JK1603JK   2
N 10 minutes ago by arqady
Source: unknown?
Let $a,b,c\in R: abc\neq 0$ and $a+b+c=0$ then prove $$|\frac{a-b}{c}|+|\frac{b-c}{a}|+|\frac{c-a}{b}|\ge 6$$
2 replies
JK1603JK
41 minutes ago
arqady
10 minutes ago
BMO 2024 SL A5
MuradSafarli   2
N 15 minutes ago by ja.


Let \(\mathbb{R}^+ = (0, \infty)\) be the set of positive real numbers.
Find all non-negative real numbers \(c \geq 0\) such that there exists a function \(f : \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+\) with the property:
\[
f(y^2f(x) + y + c) = xf(x+y^2)
\]for all \(x, y \in \mathbb{R}^+\).

2 replies
MuradSafarli
Apr 27, 2025
ja.
15 minutes ago
Something nice
KhuongTrang   29
N 23 minutes ago by arqady
Source: own
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
29 replies
KhuongTrang
Nov 1, 2023
arqady
23 minutes ago
hard problem
Cobedangiu   15
N an hour ago by arqady
Let $a,b,c>0$ and $a+b+c=3$. Prove that:
$\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a} \le \dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3$
15 replies
Cobedangiu
Apr 21, 2025
arqady
an hour ago
Putnam 1958 February A1
sqrtX   2
N Yesterday at 10:32 PM by centslordm
Source: Putnam 1958 February
If $a_0 , a_1 ,\ldots, a_n$ are real number satisfying
$$ \frac{a_0 }{1} + \frac{a_1 }{2} + \ldots + \frac{a_n }{n+1}=0,$$show that the equation $a_n x^n + \ldots +a_1 x+a_0 =0$ has at least one real root.
2 replies
sqrtX
Jul 18, 2022
centslordm
Yesterday at 10:32 PM
Range of 2 parameters and Convergency of Improper Integral
Kunihiko_Chikaya   2
N Yesterday at 9:37 PM by Hello_Kitty
Source: 2012 Kyoto University Master Course in Mathematics
Let $\alpha,\ \beta$ be real numbers. Find the ranges of $\alpha,\ \beta$ such that the improper integral $\int_1^{\infty} \frac{x^{\alpha}\ln x}{(1+x)^{\beta}}$ converges.
2 replies
Kunihiko_Chikaya
Aug 21, 2012
Hello_Kitty
Yesterday at 9:37 PM
Does the sequence log(1+sink)/k converge?
tom-nowy   2
N Yesterday at 9:25 PM by Hello_Kitty
Source: Question arising while viewing https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c7h3556569
Does the sequence $$ \frac{\ln(1+\sin k)}{k} \;\;\;(k=1,2,3,\ldots) $$converge?
2 replies
tom-nowy
Yesterday at 10:35 AM
Hello_Kitty
Yesterday at 9:25 PM
integration
We2592   2
N Yesterday at 7:53 PM by Litvinov
Q) solve the integration
$\int_{0}^{\alpha} \frac{d\theta}{\sqrt{cos\theta-cos\alpha}}$
2 replies
We2592
Apr 25, 2025
Litvinov
Yesterday at 7:53 PM
Evaluate: $\lim_{h\to 0^{-}} \frac{-1}{h}.$
Vulch   4
N Yesterday at 5:35 PM by Vulch
Respected users,
I am asking for better solution of the following problem with excellent explanation.
Thank you!

Evaluate: $\lim_{h\to 0^{-}} \frac{-1}{h}.$
4 replies
Vulch
Yesterday at 2:33 AM
Vulch
Yesterday at 5:35 PM
power of matrix
teomihai   3
N Yesterday at 4:31 PM by teomihai
Find $A^{n}$ ,where $A=\begin{pmatrix}1&-\frac{1}{5}-\frac{2}{5}i\\2+i&-i&\end{pmatrix}$
we now $i^2=-1$,and $n$ it is positiv integer number.
3 replies
teomihai
Yesterday at 12:15 PM
teomihai
Yesterday at 4:31 PM
Putnam 1952 B1
centslordm   3
N Yesterday at 4:24 PM by Ianis
A mathematical moron is given two sides and the included angle of a triangle and attempts to use the Law of Cosines: $a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc \cos A,$ to find the third side $a.$ He uses logarithms as follows. He finds $\log b$ and doubles it; adds to that the double of $\log c;$ subtracts the sum of the logarithms of $2, b, c,$ and $\cos A;$ divides the result by $2;$ and takes the anti-logarithm. Although his method may be open to suspicion his computation is accurate. What are the necessary and sufficient conditions on the triangle that this method should yield the correct result?
3 replies
centslordm
May 30, 2022
Ianis
Yesterday at 4:24 PM
Putnam 1952 A1
centslordm   4
N Yesterday at 3:21 PM by centslordm
Let \[ f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{i=n} a_i x^{n - i}\]be a polynomial of degree $n$ with integral coefficients. If $a_0, a_n,$ and $f(1)$ are odd, prove that $f(x) = 0$ has no rational roots.
4 replies
centslordm
May 29, 2022
centslordm
Yesterday at 3:21 PM
Putnam 1951 B3
centslordm   4
N Yesterday at 3:18 PM by centslordm
Show that if $x$ is positive, then \[ \log_e (1 + 1/x) > 1 / (1 + x).\]
4 replies
centslordm
May 25, 2022
centslordm
Yesterday at 3:18 PM
Putnam 1980 B3
sqrtX   2
N Yesterday at 2:10 PM by Etkan
Source: Putnam 1980
For which real numbers $a$ does the sequence $(u_n )$ defined by the initial condition $u_0 =a$ and the recursion $u_{n+1} =2u_n - n^2$ have $u_n >0$ for all $n \geq 0?$
2 replies
sqrtX
Apr 1, 2022
Etkan
Yesterday at 2:10 PM
concurrecy, starting with reflections of incircle touchpoints to a given line
parmenides51   4
N May 30, 2019 by ABCCBA
Source: Bulgaria 2009 NMO p2
In the triangle $ABC$ its incircle with center $I$ touches its sides $BC, CA$ and $AB$ in the points $A_1, B_1, C_1$ respectively. Through $I$ is drawn a line $\ell$. The points $A', B'$ and $C'$ are reflections of $A_1, B_1, C_1$ with respect to the line $\ell$. Prove that the lines $AA', BB'$ and $CC'$ intersects at a common point.
4 replies
parmenides51
May 28, 2019
ABCCBA
May 30, 2019
concurrecy, starting with reflections of incircle touchpoints to a given line
G H J
Source: Bulgaria 2009 NMO p2
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parmenides51
30650 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by Pluto1708, Adventure10, Mango247
In the triangle $ABC$ its incircle with center $I$ touches its sides $BC, CA$ and $AB$ in the points $A_1, B_1, C_1$ respectively. Through $I$ is drawn a line $\ell$. The points $A', B'$ and $C'$ are reflections of $A_1, B_1, C_1$ with respect to the line $\ell$. Prove that the lines $AA', BB'$ and $CC'$ intersects at a common point.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by parmenides51, May 29, 2019, 7:11 PM
Reason: typo, edited in last line
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PigeonBar
40 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, parmenides51, Adventure10, Mango247
How is this possible? $A_1A'$, $B_1B'$, and $C_1C'$ are parallel to each other because they are all perpendicular to $\ell$, so they cannot intersect.
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parmenides51
30650 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
yes, there was a typo, corrected, $AA',BB',CC'$ is the correct, instead of $A_1A',B_1B',C_1C'$, thanks for noticing
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by parmenides51, May 29, 2019, 8:14 PM
Reason: typo
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Pathological
578 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
It can be done quickly with complex numbers. Let $a, b, c$ be the complex numbers corresponding to $A_1, B_1, C_1$ and WLOG that $\ell$ is the horizontal line through the origin. This allows us to calculate $A' = \frac1a, B' = \frac1b, C' = \frac1c.$ We also have that $A = \frac{2bc}{b+c}, B = \frac{2ca}{a+c}, C = \frac{2ab}{a+b}.$ We have that $z = \frac{2(a+b+c+2abc)abc - 2}{(ab+bc+ca+2)(a+b+c+2abc)-abc}$ lies on all three lines $AA', BB', CC'$.

$\square$
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ABCCBA
237 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
It's obvious by steinbart theorem since $A', B', C' \in (I)$ and $A_1A', B_1B', C_1C'$ are concurrent at a point at infinity
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