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be the set of positive real numbers. Determine all functions 
such that for all positive real numbers 
and 
![\[f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x)f(y)+1\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/c/6/a/c6a968a17f6fd5fd637c1ee5d855bdff11e5423a.png)
and 
such that![\[
1^n + 2^n + 3^n + \cdots + n^n = x!
\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/4/b/64b5f5919fd3710cc15e96724918eae216c8e4f0.png)
be 
. The tangents to at 
meet at point 
. For a point 
on line 
which is not on the segment , let the midpoint of 
be 
. Lines 
meet again at points 
respectively. Let 
be the midpoint of . Prove that the points 
lie on a circle.
red cards, 
white cards, and 
blue cards. A player plays all the cards one at a time. With each play he accumulates a penalty. If he plays a blue card, then he is charged a penalty which is the number of white cards still in his hand. If he plays a white card, then he is charged a penalty which is twice the number of red cards still in his hand. If he plays a red card, then he is charged a penalty which is three times the number of blue cards still in his hand. Find, as a function of 
and 
the minimal total penalty a player can amass and all the ways in which this minimum can be achieved.
and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
with 
. The points 
lie on 
respectively, such that 
. Extend 
to meet the circumcircle of at 
respectively. Let the circumcircles of 
meet at points 
. Extend 
to at , given 
, find ![$[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/3/3/d33cc80fa8f093e155c5be46d2e5d9da3d7e1ef5.png)
.
with 
, denote the incenter of the triangle as 
. Extend 
to meet the circumcircle of 
at 
, find the length of 
.
and 
. Prove that
Equality holds when 
Equality holds when 
Equality holds when 
and the equilateral triangle 
are located as shown in the figure. Find the angle 
.
is an excenter of 
, i.e. the required angle being 
.
