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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Functional xf(x+f(y))=(y-x)f(f(x)) for all reals x,y
cretanman   56
N 29 minutes ago by GreekIdiot
Source: BMO 2023 Problem 1
Find all functions $f\colon \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$,
\[xf(x+f(y))=(y-x)f(f(x)).\]
Proposed by Nikola Velov, Macedonia
56 replies
+1 w
cretanman
May 10, 2023
GreekIdiot
29 minutes ago
number of divisors
orl   27
N 40 minutes ago by Maximilian113
Source: IMO Shortlist 2000, Problem N2
For a positive integer $n$, let $d(n)$ be the number of all positive divisors of $n$. Find all positive integers $n$ such that $d(n)^3=4n$.
27 replies
orl
Sep 6, 2003
Maximilian113
40 minutes ago
Third degree and three variable system of equations
MellowMelon   57
N an hour ago by eg4334
Source: USA TST 2009 #7
Find all triples $ (x,y,z)$ of real numbers that satisfy the system of equations
\[ \begin{cases}x^3 = 3x-12y+50, \\ y^3 = 12y+3z-2, \\ z^3 = 27z + 27x. \end{cases}\]

Razvan Gelca.
57 replies
MellowMelon
Jul 18, 2009
eg4334
an hour ago
Collinearity with orthocenter
liberator   180
N an hour ago by joshualiu315
Source: IMO 2013 Problem 4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with orthocenter $H$, and let $W$ be a point on the side $BC$, lying strictly between $B$ and $C$. The points $M$ and $N$ are the feet of the altitudes from $B$ and $C$, respectively. Denote by $\omega_1$ is the circumcircle of $BWN$, and let $X$ be the point on $\omega_1$ such that $WX$ is a diameter of $\omega_1$. Analogously, denote by $\omega_2$ the circumcircle of triangle $CWM$, and let $Y$ be the point such that $WY$ is a diameter of $\omega_2$. Prove that $X,Y$ and $H$ are collinear.

Proposed by Warut Suksompong and Potcharapol Suteparuk, Thailand
180 replies
liberator
Jan 4, 2016
joshualiu315
an hour ago
IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 5
orl   12
N an hour ago by Maximilian113
Source: IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 5
Find all finite sequences $(x_0, x_1, \ldots,x_n)$ such that for every $j$, $0 \leq j \leq n$, $x_j$ equals the number of times $j$ appears in the sequence.
12 replies
orl
Sep 30, 2004
Maximilian113
an hour ago
Aperiodicity of Divisibility
somebodyyouusedtoknow   0
an hour ago
Source: San Diego Honors Math Contest 2025 Part II, Problem 4
Let $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots$ be the sequence $2,1,1,2,\ldots,$ so that $a_i \in \{1,2\}$ for each $i$ and so that the decimal number $\overline{a_n a_{n-1} \cdots a_1}$ is divisible by $2^n$ for each $n \geq 1$. Show that the decimal $0.a_1a_2a_3...$ is irrational.
0 replies
somebodyyouusedtoknow
an hour ago
0 replies
Number of Perfect Matchings in a Graph
somebodyyouusedtoknow   0
an hour ago
Source: San Diego Honors Math Contest 2025 Part II, Problem 3
Consider a collection of $2n$ points on the plane, no three of which are collinear, and some set of line segments between them. We say that a subset of these line segments is called a "pairing" if every one of these ($2n$) points is the endpoint of exactly one of the chosen line segments (in other words, a pairing is a perfect matching).

Show that for every $k \geq 1$, there exists such an arrangement of points and line segments (for some value of $n \geq 1$) such that there are exactly $k$ distinct (but not necessarily disjoint) pairings.
0 replies
somebodyyouusedtoknow
an hour ago
0 replies
Polynomial Factors
somebodyyouusedtoknow   0
2 hours ago
Source: San Diego Honors Math Contest 2025 Part II, Problem 2
Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with real coefficients such that $P(x^n) \mid P(x^{n+1})$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Prove that $P(x) = cx^k$ for some real constant $c$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$.
0 replies
somebodyyouusedtoknow
2 hours ago
0 replies
weirdest expo ever
GreekIdiot   5
N 2 hours ago by maromex
Source: own
Solve $5^x-2^y=z^3$ where $x,y,z \in \mathbb {Z}$.
5 replies
GreekIdiot
Mar 6, 2025
maromex
2 hours ago
Polygons Which Don't Fit
somebodyyouusedtoknow   0
2 hours ago
Source: San Diego Honors Math Contest 2025 Part II, Problem 1
Let $P_1,P_2,\ldots,P_n$ be polygons, no two of which are similar. Show that there are polygons $Q_1,Q_2,\ldots,Q_n$ where $Q_i$ is similar to $P_i$ so that for no $i \neq j$ does $Q_i$ contain a polygon that's congruent to $Q_j$.

Note. Here, the word "contain" means for the construction we have, we cannot select a size for $Q_j$ so that $Q_j$ is wholly contained in $Q_i$, and so it does not intersect the edges of $Q_i$ at all.
0 replies
somebodyyouusedtoknow
2 hours ago
0 replies
GCD of 2^n-2, 3^n-3, 4^n-4, 5^n-5, ......
tom-nowy   1
N 2 hours ago by tom-nowy
Source: Own
Find all positive integers n such that the greatest common divisor of the sequence
\[ 2^n -2, \;\; 3^n -3, \;\; 4^n -4, \;\; 5^n-5, \, \ldots \ldots \]is $66$. Also, are there infinitely many n for which the greatest common divisor is $6$?
1 reply
tom-nowy
Aug 29, 2023
tom-nowy
2 hours ago
Similar to iran 1996
GreekIdiot   0
3 hours ago
Let $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ be a function such that $f(f(x)+y)=f(f(x)-y)+4f(x)y \: \forall x,y \: \in \: \mathbb R$. Find all such $f$.
0 replies
GreekIdiot
3 hours ago
0 replies
Weird ninja points collinearity
americancheeseburger4281   0
3 hours ago
Source: Someone I know
For some triangle, define its Ninja Point as the point on its circumcircle such that its Steiner line coincides with the Euler line of the triangle. For an triangle $ABC$, define:
[list]
[*]$O$ as its circumcentre, $H$ as its orthocentre and $N_9$ as its nine-point centre.
[*]$M_a$, $M_b$ and $M_c$ to be the midpoint of the smaller arcs.
[*]$G$ as the isogonal conjugate of the Nagel point (i.e. the exsimillicenter of the incircle and circumcircle)
[*]$S$ as the ninja point of $\Delta M_aM_bM_c$
[*]$K$ as the ninja point of the contact triangle
[/list]
Prove that:
$(a)$ Points $K$, $N_9$ and $I$ are collinear, that is $K$ is the Feuerbach point.
$(b)$ Points $H$, $G$ and $S$ are collinear
0 replies
americancheeseburger4281
3 hours ago
0 replies
Minimum where the sum of squares is greater than 3
m0nk   1
N 3 hours ago by oolite
Source: My friend
If $a,b,c \in R^+$ and $a^2+b^2+c^2 \ge 3$.Find the minimum of $S=\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}}+\frac{a+b+c}{9}$
1 reply
m0nk
Yesterday at 4:57 PM
oolite
3 hours ago
Have you think of finding more solutions for it?
can_hang2007   15
N Jun 24, 2011 by red3
Source: just an old one
Let $ a,b,c$ be nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero. Prove that
\[ (ab+bc+ca)\left(\frac{1}{(b+c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c+a)^2}+\frac{1}{(a+b)^2}\right) \ge \frac{9}{4}\]
This is not a new inequality with someone-Iran TST 1996. And now, proving it is not hard as the past but have you think of find more solutions for it? I think it will be a very interesting work, and luckily, I found 10 proofs for it. In here, I wanna see more solutions from you. Thanks :)
P/s: I expect that the solution dont use SS,SOS, pqr ... :)
15 replies
can_hang2007
Oct 9, 2008
red3
Jun 24, 2011
Have you think of finding more solutions for it?
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: just an old one
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can_hang2007
2948 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
Let $ a,b,c$ be nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero. Prove that
\[ (ab+bc+ca)\left(\frac{1}{(b+c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c+a)^2}+\frac{1}{(a+b)^2}\right) \ge \frac{9}{4}\]
This is not a new inequality with someone-Iran TST 1996. And now, proving it is not hard as the past but have you think of find more solutions for it? I think it will be a very interesting work, and luckily, I found 10 proofs for it. In here, I wanna see more solutions from you. Thanks :)
P/s: I expect that the solution dont use SS,SOS, pqr ... :)
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tronghieu
115 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
Yes, I have a solution for it by using Cauchy-schwarz . But It isn't a nice solution. :oops:
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can_hang2007
2948 posts
#3 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
tronghieu wrote:
Yes, I have a solution for it by using Cauchy-schwarz . But It isn't a nice solution. :oops:
I hope that it is independent with the Cauchy Schwarz one which I posted on maths.vn! ;)
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tronghieu
115 posts
#4 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
:lol: I don't know your solution for it.
Anh đưa cho em link dc ko? :wink:
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can_hang2007
2948 posts
#5 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
tronghieu wrote:
:lol: I don't know your solution for it.
Anh đưa cho em link dc ko? :wink:
The solution is based on my CYH technique, here is it (sorry, I dont remember the link)
P/s: I'll smile if "your solution" is different from this :), if not...
Attachments:
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tronghieu
115 posts
#6 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
It's similar my solution. I found 1 weeks ago. :lol:
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can_hang2007
2948 posts
#7 • 5 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 3 other users
tronghieu wrote:
It's similar my solution. I found 1 weeks ago. :lol:
The my solution was posted on maths.vn one year ago ;)
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can_hang2007
2948 posts
#8 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
can_hang2007 wrote:
Let $ a,b,c$ be nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero. Prove that
\[ (ab + bc + ca)\left(\frac {1}{(b + c)^2} + \frac {1}{(c + a)^2} + \frac {1}{(a + b)^2}\right) \ge \frac {9}{4}
\]
This is not a new inequality with someone-Iran TST 1996. And now, proving it is not hard as the past but have you think of find more solutions for it? I think it will be a very interesting work, and luckily, I found 10 proofs for it. In here, I wanna see more solutions from you. Thanks :)
P/s: I expect that the solution dont use SS,SOS, pqr ... :)
I've just found the 11th proof. :)
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dduclam
455 posts
#9 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
can_hang2007 wrote:
Let $ a,b,c$ be nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero. Prove that
\[ (ab + bc + ca)\left(\frac {1}{(b + c)^2} + \frac {1}{(c + a)^2} + \frac {1}{(a + b)^2}\right) \ge \frac {9}{4}
\]
This is not a new inequality with someone-Iran TST 1996. And now, proving it is not hard as the past but have you think of find more solutions for it? I think it will be a very interesting work, and luckily, I found 10 proofs for it. In here, I wanna see more solutions from you. Thanks :)
P/s: I expect that the solution dont use SS,SOS, pqr ... :)

I know 12 proofs of all, but.. including SOS,pqr... :D
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Ronald Widjojo
327 posts
#10 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 2 other users
I succeed to kill this inequality by Schur and Muirhead..

That is :

$ ([5,1,0]-[4,2,0])+3([5,1,0]-[3,3,0])+([4,1,1]+[2,2,2]-2[3,2,1]) \ge 0$

The first two parentheses is Muirhead, and the last is Schur with $ t=1$ multiplied with $ abc$

can_hang2007, what is :

1. CYH method
2. SMV method
3. EMV method
4. PQR method
5. SS method
6. SOS method

I'm from Indonesia and I want to study this section more and more..

Thanks for your help.. :lol:
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mitdac123
178 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
I got this proof 3 days ago :) .
$ ( ab + bc + ca)(\frac {1}{(a + b)^2} + \frac {1}{(b + c)^2} + \frac {1}{(c + a)^2} ) \ge \frac {9}{4}$
<=>$ 4(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)[abc - (a + b - c)(b + c - a)(c + a - b) ] \ge (a - b)^2(b - c)^2(c - a)^2$ Which is true by am-gm

I also think it's not nice but it's hard to find an independent proof :)

*$ 2-\sum \frac{a}{b+c} =\frac{ 3abc+(a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b) }{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) }$
* $ 2 \sum \frac{ab}{(a+b)^2}=3- \sum (\frac{a}{a+b})^2 -\sum( \frac{b}{a+b})^2$
$ =3+2\sum  \frac{ a(b+c)}{(a+b)(a+c)}- (\sum \frac{a}{a+b})^2 -(\sum \frac{b}{a+b})^2$
$ =5+\frac{ 8abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}- (\sum \frac{a}{a+b})^2 -(\sum \frac{b}{a+b})^2$
*$ 2(\sum \frac{a}{a+b})^2 +2(\sum \frac{b}{a+b})^2  =9+( \sum \frac{a}{a+b}-\sum \frac{b}{a+b})^2$
$ =1+\frac{(a-b)^2(b-c)^2(c-a)^2}{(a+b)^2(b+c)^2(c+a)^2 }$
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red3
905 posts
#12 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
why do you think the last step is am-gm?



$4\prod (a+b)(abc-\prod (a+b-c))\ge \prod (a-b)^2$


but i proved it by Cauchy-Schwarz inequality ,



$\prod (a+b)(abc-\prod (a+b-c))\ge 4\prod (a-b)^2$is also true
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Lionel Messi
174 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
red3 wrote:
why do you think the last step is am-gm?


$4\prod (a+b)(abc-\prod (a+b-c))\ge \prod (a-b)^2$


but i proved it by Cauchy-Schwarz inequality ,


$\prod (a+b)(abc-\prod (a+b-c))\ge 4\prod (a-b)^2$is also true

Woa, your idea is very excellent Zhe.
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Nguyenhuyen_AG
3316 posts
#14 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
can_hang2007 wrote:
Let $ a,b,c$ be nonnegative real numbers, no two of which are zero. Prove that
\[ (ab+bc+ca)\left(\frac{1}{(b+c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c+a)^2}+\frac{1}{(a+b)^2}\right) \ge \frac{9}{4}\]
This is not a new inequality with someone-Iran TST 1996. And now, proving it is not hard as the past but have you think of find more solutions for it? I think it will be a very interesting work, and luckily, I found 10 proofs for it. In here, I wanna see more solutions from you. Thanks :)
P/s: I expect that the solution dont use SS,SOS, pqr ... :)
I have a proof but it isn't a nice solution.
http://mathifc.wordpress.com/2010/09/10/inequality-36/
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manlio
3253 posts
#15 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Dear red3,

sorry but I don't understand how to prove this by Cauchy

$\prod (a+b)(abc-\prod (a+b-c))\ge 4\prod (a-b)^2$

Thank you very much
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red3
905 posts
#16 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
i saw this from Adbek ,this will help,

$(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)(abc-(a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)) $
$=\sum ab(a+b)^2(a-b)^2$
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