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be the set of positive real numbers. Determine all functions 
such that for all positive real numbers 
and 
![\[f(x+f(xy))+y=f(x)f(y)+1\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/c/6/a/c6a968a17f6fd5fd637c1ee5d855bdff11e5423a.png)
and 
such that![\[
1^n + 2^n + 3^n + \cdots + n^n = x!
\]](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/6/4/b/64b5f5919fd3710cc15e96724918eae216c8e4f0.png)
be 
. The tangents to at 
meet at point 
. For a point 
on line 
which is not on the segment , let the midpoint of 
be 
. Lines 
meet again at points 
respectively. Let 
be the midpoint of . Prove that the points 
lie on a circle.
red cards, 
white cards, and 
blue cards. A player plays all the cards one at a time. With each play he accumulates a penalty. If he plays a blue card, then he is charged a penalty which is the number of white cards still in his hand. If he plays a white card, then he is charged a penalty which is twice the number of red cards still in his hand. If he plays a red card, then he is charged a penalty which is three times the number of blue cards still in his hand. Find, as a function of 
and 
the minimal total penalty a player can amass and all the ways in which this minimum can be achieved.
and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
Let and 
Prove that
with 
. The points 
lie on 
respectively, such that 
. Extend 
to meet the circumcircle of at 
respectively. Let the circumcircles of 
meet at points 
. Extend 
to at , given 
, find ![$[ABC]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/d/3/3/d33cc80fa8f093e155c5be46d2e5d9da3d7e1ef5.png)
.
with 
, denote the incenter of the triangle as 
. Extend 
to meet the circumcircle of 
at 
, find the length of 
.
and 
. Prove that
Equality holds when 
Equality holds when 
Equality holds when 
be a polyhedron whose all edges are congruent and tangent to a sphere. Suppose that one of the facesof 
be the center of the sphere to which the edges are tangent, and let 
be its radius. Let 
be the side length of an isosceles triangle whose base is the length of an edge of 
of 
is less than, greater than or equal to