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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
IMO Problem 4
iandrei   105
N 24 minutes ago by cj13609517288
Source: IMO ShortList 2003, geometry problem 1
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $P$, $Q$, $R$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $D$ to the lines $BC$, $CA$, $AB$, respectively. Show that $PQ=QR$ if and only if the bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ADC$ are concurrent with $AC$.
105 replies
+1 w
iandrei
Jul 14, 2003
cj13609517288
24 minutes ago
Inspired by old results
sqing   2
N 24 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b  $ be reals such that $  a^2+b^2=2$ . Prove that
$$ (a+b)\left( \frac{1}{a+1} + \frac{1}{b+1}\right)\leq 2 $$$$ (a+b)\left( \frac{a}{b+1} + \frac{b}{a+1}\right)\leq 2 $$
2 replies
sqing
an hour ago
sqing
24 minutes ago
NEPAL TST 2025 DAY 2
Tony_stark0094   5
N 37 minutes ago by iStud
Consider an acute triangle $\Delta ABC$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the feet of the altitudes from $A$ to $BC$ and from $B$ to $AC$ respectively.

Define $D_1$ and $D_2$ as the reflections of $D$ across lines $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Let $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle of $\Delta AD_1D_2$. Denote by $P$ the second intersection of line $D_1B$ with $\Gamma$, and by $Q$ the intersection of ray $EB$ with $\Gamma$.

If $O$ is the circumcenter of $\Delta ABC$, prove that $O$, $D$, and $Q$ are collinear if and only if quadrilateral $BCQP$ can be inscribed within a circle.

$\textbf{Proposed by Kritesh Dhakal, Nepal.}$
5 replies
Tony_stark0094
Yesterday at 8:40 AM
iStud
37 minutes ago
prove that any quadrilateral satisfying this inequality is a trapezoid
mqoi_KOLA   2
N an hour ago by mqoi_KOLA
Prove that any quadrilateral satisfying this inequality is a Trapezoid/trapzium $$
|r - p| < q + s < r + p
$$where $p,r$ are lengths of parallel sides and $q,s$ are other two sides.
2 replies
mqoi_KOLA
Yesterday at 3:48 AM
mqoi_KOLA
an hour ago
No more topics!
2022 Junior Balkan MO, Problem 2
sarjinius   19
N Nov 11, 2024 by wizixez
Source: 2022 JBMO Problem 2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $AH = HD$, where $H$ is the orthocenter of $ABC$ and $D \in BC$ is the foot of the altitude from the vertex $A$. Let $\ell$ denote the line through $H$ which is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $BHC$. Let $S$ and $T$ be the intersection points of $\ell$ with $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Denote the midpoints of $BH$ and $CH$ by $M$ and $N$, respectively. Prove that the lines $SM$ and $TN$ are parallel.
19 replies
sarjinius
Jun 30, 2022
wizixez
Nov 11, 2024
2022 Junior Balkan MO, Problem 2
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: 2022 JBMO Problem 2
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sarjinius
239 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by itslumi, lian_the_noob12, Rounak_iitr, wizixez
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $AH = HD$, where $H$ is the orthocenter of $ABC$ and $D \in BC$ is the foot of the altitude from the vertex $A$. Let $\ell$ denote the line through $H$ which is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $BHC$. Let $S$ and $T$ be the intersection points of $\ell$ with $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Denote the midpoints of $BH$ and $CH$ by $M$ and $N$, respectively. Prove that the lines $SM$ and $TN$ are parallel.
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Assassino9931
1239 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by ken3k06, VicKmath7, ike.chen
Midpoint = 10 points.

Take the midpoint $K$ of $AB$ and justify by quick angle chasing that $MSKH$ is cyclic. Thus $\angle MSH = \angle MKH = 180^{\circ} - \angle KHD = \angle ADB = 90^{\circ}$, so $SM \perp ST$; analogously $TN \perp ST$ and we are done.
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Assassino9931
1239 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by VicKmath7, CROWmatician
Wow, here is an absolutely slick solution without any additional points! (Big gratitude to the Bosnian Deputy Leader!)

Angle chasing shows that $\triangle AB_1D \sim \triangle HTC$ and since $TH$ and $TN$ are corresponding medians, we get $\angle HTN = \angle AB_1H = 90^{\circ}$. So $TN \perp HT$, analogously $MS \perp HT$, happy ending!
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Assassino9931, Jun 30, 2022, 2:42 PM
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VicKmath7
1388 posts
#4
Y by
I present another solution which doesn't require introducing the midpoints. I will prove that $TN$ is perpendicular to $ST$, which is obviously sufficient. Since $\angle THC= \angle HBC$, we want triangles $HTN$ and $HBD$ to be similar, which is equivalent to $\frac {HB} {BD}=\frac {HN}{HT}= \frac {CH} {2HT}$. So we want $\frac {CH} {HT}=\frac {2BH}{BD}$. Note that due to the tangency, the former is $\frac {CA} {AH}$, so we want $CA.BD=2BH.AH=AD.BH \iff  \frac {AD} {BD} =\frac {CA} {BH}$ but $BH=2Rcos(\beta)$, $AC=2Rsin(\beta)$ and the former is $tg(\beta)$ so we are done.
This post has been edited 10 times. Last edited by VicKmath7, Jun 30, 2022, 4:41 PM
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Cristisav
11 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Mango247, Mango247
wrong post
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Cristisav, May 14, 2023, 12:15 PM
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Orestis_Lignos
555 posts
#6
Y by
Proposed by Jason Prodromidis, Greece :)
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lahmacun
259 posts
#7
Y by
Pretty nice
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jrpartty
42 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
Let $O,P$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$ and the midpoint of $BC$, respectively.

Let $AO$ meet $ST$ at $Q$. Then $\displaystyle OP=\frac{1}{2}AH=\frac{1}{2}HD$.

This implies $M,O,N$ are collinear and $PO\perp MN$.

It’s easy to show that $\square BSTC$ is cyclic by angles chasing. Hence, $\triangle ATS \sim \triangle ABC$ and, consequently, $AO\perp ST$.

Moreover $\triangle MPN\sim \triangle CHB$.
Hence, $\displaystyle \frac{SQ}{QT}=\frac{CD}{DB}=\frac{MO}{ON}$, i.e. $SM\parallel TN$ as desired.
Attachments:
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the_game_master
2 posts
#9
Y by
By trivial angle chase we get that both of the lines are perpendicular to ST thus they are parallel to each other.
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lneis1
243 posts
#10
Y by
From the given condition $AH=HD$ we have $2R \cos A=2R \cos B \cos C$
$$\cos (A)=\cos (\pi-B-C)=-\cos (B+C)=\cos B \cos C \implies 2\cos B \cos C=2 \cos A= \sin B \sin C$$
Since $SH$ is tangent to $(BHC)$; $\angle SHB= \angle HCB=90-B$

Now $\angle ASH=\angle SHB+\angle SBH=C$. Symmetrically $\angle ATH=B$

Let $E= AH \cap MN$

Claim: $A,S,E,T$ are concylic

Proof: By sine rule $SH=\frac{2R \cos A \cos B}{\sin C}$ and $TH=\frac{2R \cos A \cos C}{\sin B}$

Clearly $SH \cdot TH=\frac{4R^2 \cos^2 A \cos B \cos C}{\sin B \sin C}=(2R^2 \cos A \cos B \cos C ) \times \left(\frac{2 \cos A}{\sin B \sin C}\right)=2R^2 \cos A \cos B \cos C =AH \cdot HE$

From this, we have $\angle HSE=\angle EAT=90-C \implies ES \perp AB$

Note that $MN || BC \implies AH \perp MN$
$$\angle SEM=90-\angle SEH=90-\angle ATS=90-B=\angle SHB \implies M \in \odot(SHE)$$
Hence $\angle MSH=90 \implies SM \perp ST$. Due to symmetry $TN \perp ST$
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by lneis1, Jul 2, 2022, 1:10 PM
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CROWmatician
272 posts
#11
Y by
ratio chasing & power of point
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by CROWmatician, Jul 2, 2022, 5:49 PM
Reason: typo
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jacoporizzo
615 posts
#12
Y by
Define the midpoints of $AC, AB$ as $X,Y,$ respectively. Observe that \begin{align*}\angle{THC} = \angle{HPC} = 90 - c = \angle{HAC},\end{align*}so $\triangle{THC} \sim \triangle{HAC}.$ As a result, $\triangle{THN} \sim \triangle{HAX},$ since $N$ and $X$ are both midpoints of respective sides. So, $\angle{HTN} = \angle{AHX},$ and analogously $\angle{MSH} = \angle{AHY}.$ Then since $AH = HD,$ it follows that $X,H,Y$ are collinear, since a homothety of factor 2 about $A$ sends all $X,H,Y$ onto $BC.$ Hence, $\angle{AHX} + \angle{AHY} = 180,$ equivalently, \begin{align*}\angle{HTN} + \angle{MSH} &= 180 \\ \Leftrightarrow \angle{STN} + \angle{MST} &= 180, \end{align*}which implies the desired.
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Telman
28 posts
#13
Y by
Easy question for g3
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geometry6
304 posts
#15 • 5 Y
Y by lneis1, ItsBesi, lian_the_noob12, Math_.only., tinmar_2008
I enjoyed solving this problem, it was a fun one! :)
2022 JBMO Problem 2 wrote:
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle such that $AH = HD$, where $H$ is the orthocenter of $ABC$ and $D \in BC$ is the foot of the altitude from the vertex $A$. Let $\ell$ denote the line through $H$ which is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $BHC$. Let $S$ and $T$ be the intersection points of $\ell$ with $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Denote the midpoints of $BH$ and $CH$ by $M$ and $N$, respectively. Prove that the lines $SM$ and $TN$ are parallel.
Let $M_1$, and $M_2$ be midpoints of $AB$, $AC$ respectively. Taking a homothety centered at $A$ with factor $2\implies \overline{M_1-H-M_2}$.
$$\angle SHB=\angle HBC=\angle HAB \implies \Delta AHB\cup\{M_1\}\sim\Delta HSB\cup\{M\}\implies \angle M_1HA=\angle MSH.$$Similarly, we can get that $\angle AHM_2=\angle NTH$. Now, $$SM\parallel TN\iff \angle MSH+\angle NTH=180^{\circ}\iff  \angle M_1HA+\angle AHM_2=180^{\circ}.\blacksquare$$[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
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MrPro
10 posts
#16
Y by
geometry6 wrote:
$ \Delta AHB\cup\{M_1\}\sim\Delta HSB\cup\{M\}\implies \angle M_1HA=\angle MSH.$

What does this mean?
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ike.chen
1162 posts
#17
Y by
Let the midpoints of $AB$ and $AC$ be $P$ and $Q$ respectively. Because $AH = HD$, we know $H, P, Q$ are collinear.

Now, observe that $$\angle BHS = \angle BCH = 90^{\circ} - \angle B = \angle BAH$$which clearly implies $BHS \sim BAH$. Similarly, we deduce $CHT \sim CAH$.

Because $M$ is the midpoint of $BH$ and $P$ is the midpoint of $BA$, we know $M$ and $P$ are corresponding points of $BHS$ and $BAH$, yielding $BHSM \sim BAHP$. Now, since $MN \parallel BC$ follows from midlines, $$\angle SMN = \angle SMH + \angle HMN = \angle HPA + \angle HBC = \angle APQ + \angle HBC.$$An analogous process gives $\angle TNM = \angle AQP + \angle HCB$, so $$\angle SMN + \angle TNM = (\angle APQ + \angle HBC) + (\angle AQP + \angle HCB)$$$$= (\angle APQ + \angle AQP) + (\angle HBC + \angle HCB)$$$$= (180^{\circ} - \angle A) + (180^{\circ} - \angle BHC)$$$$= (180^{\circ} - \angle A) + (180^{\circ} - (180^{\circ} - \angle A)) = 180^{\circ}$$as required. $\blacksquare$


Remarks: Unlike most people, I used $MN$ as my transversal, not $ST$. This leads to a more elaborate angle chase, but it's still manageable.
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Sg48
27 posts
#18
Y by
Coordinate bash
1. Take D as Origin, $A(0,1), B(b,0), C(c,0)  \implies H = (0,0.5) $
2. H is also $(0, -bc) \implies bc = -0.5 $
3. reflection of A in H lies on circumcircle of BHC $ \implies $ the y coordinate of circumcenter of BHC {O} is $ \frac{-1+0.5}{2} = \frac{-1}{4} $
4. The x coordinate of circumcenter of BHC {O} is $ \frac{b+c}{2} $
5. The slope of HT can be calculated as OH is perpendicular to HT. It comes out to be $\frac{2(b+c)}{3}$.
6. The coordinate T comes out to be $( x, 1-\frac{x}{c} )$ where $x = \frac{3}{4(b+c) + \frac{6}{c}}$. N is $(\frac{c}{2}, 0.25)$
7. The slope TN after using $bc = -0.5$ comes out to be $\frac{-3}{2b + 2c}$, which is symmetric in b,c
Hence TN || SM, also TN is perpendicular to ST
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Sg48, Oct 29, 2023, 5:12 PM
Reason: latex enabled
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Epsilon-
7 posts
#19 • 1 Y
Y by turann
Let $BH,CH$ intersect sides $AC,AB$ at points $B',C'$ respectively.So we have $\displaystyle    \frac{SH}{HM*2}=\frac{AH}{AB}= \frac{AD}{AB*2}=\frac{HB'}{HT*2}$ $\rightarrow$ $\displaystyle \frac{SH}{HM}=\frac{HB'}{HT}$ . So $SM \perp ST$ .Similarly $NT \perp ST$
$\rightarrow$ $SM||NT$.
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Anancibedih
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#20
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$$\triangle {BSH}\sim \triangle{BHA}\Longrightarrow \frac{SH}{AH}=\frac{BH}{AB},\triangle {CTH}\sim\triangle {CHA}\Longrightarrow \frac{TH}{AH}=\frac{CH}{AC}$$Thus $\frac{SH\cdot TH}{AH^2}=\frac{BH\cdot HC}{AB\cdot AC}$ Its clear that $AREA(\triangle {ABC})=2AREA(\triangle BCH)$. Thus by sine area we get Last ratio is equals to $1/2$ So we get $AH^2=2TH\cdot SH=BH\cdot HE=2HM\cdot HE$ thus $HM\cdot HE=TH\cdot SH$ So $TSME$ is concylic thus $\angle{TSM}=90^\circ$ Similarly $\angle{STN}=90^\circ$ so $SM||TN$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Anancibedih, Nov 8, 2024, 1:27 PM
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wizixez
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#21
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$Q\in AB \to BQ=AQ$
$QSMH$ cyclic
$\angle{MSH}=\angle{MQH}=180-\angle{QHD}=90$
$SM \perp ST$ and $TN \perp ST$ done
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