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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Fibonacci sequence
April   1
N 15 minutes ago by ririgggg
Source: Vietnam NMO 1989 Problem 2
The Fibonacci sequence is defined by $ F_1 = F_2 = 1$ and $ F_{n+1} = F_n +F_{n-1}$ for $ n > 1$. Let $ f(x) = 1985x^2 + 1956x + 1960$. Prove that there exist infinitely many natural numbers $ n$ for which $ f(F_n)$ is divisible by $ 1989$. Does there exist $ n$ for which $ f(F_n) + 2$ is divisible by $ 1989$?
1 reply
April
Feb 1, 2009
ririgggg
15 minutes ago
Prove that x1=x2=....=x2025
Rohit-2006   4
N 19 minutes ago by kamatadu
Source: A mock
The real numbers $x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_{2025}$ satisfy,
$$x_1+x_2=2\bar{x_1}, x_2+x_3=2\bar{x_2},\cdots, x_{2025}+x_1=2\bar{x_{2025}}$$Where {$\bar{x_1},\cdots,\bar{x_{2025}}$} is a permutation of $x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_{2025}$. Prove that $x_1=x_2=\cdots=x_{2025}$
4 replies
Rohit-2006
Today at 5:22 AM
kamatadu
19 minutes ago
Locus of a point on the side of a square
EmersonSoriano   1
N 37 minutes ago by vanstraelen
Source: 2018 Peru Southern Cone TST P7
Let $ABCD$ be a fixed square and $K$ a variable point on segment $AD$. The square $KLMN$ is constructed such that $B$ is on segment $LM$ and $C$ is on segment $MN$. Let $T$ be the intersection point of lines $LA$ and $ND$. Find the locus of $T$ as $K$ varies along segment $AD$.
1 reply
EmersonSoriano
Apr 2, 2025
vanstraelen
37 minutes ago
NT function debut
AshAuktober   2
N 38 minutes ago by Kazuhiko
Source: 2025 Nepal Practice TST 3 P2 of 3; Own
Let $f$ be a function taking in positive integers and outputting nonnegative integers, defined as follows:
$f(m)$ is the number of positive integers $n$ with $n \le m$ such that the equation $$an + bm = m^2 + n^2 + 1$$has an integer solution $(a, b)$.
Find all positive integers $x$ such that$f(x) \ne 0$ and $$f(f(x)) = f(x) - 1.$$Adit Aggarwal, India.
2 replies
AshAuktober
2 hours ago
Kazuhiko
38 minutes ago
No more topics!
Circle geometry
qwerty414   8
N Jan 17, 2025 by awesomeming327.
Source: Korea 2010-4
Given is a trapezoid $ ABCD$ where $ AB$ and $ CD$ are parallel, and $ A,B,C,D$ are clockwise in this order. Let $ \Gamma_1$ be the circle with center $ A$ passing through $ B$, $ \Gamma_2$ be the circle with center $ C$ passing through $ D$. The intersection of line $ BD$ and $ \Gamma_1$ is $ P$ $ ( \ne B,D)$. Denote by $ \Gamma$ the circle with diameter $ PD$, and let $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_1$ meet at $ X$$ ( \ne P)$. $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Y$. If the circumcircle of triangle $ XBY$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Q$, prove that $ B,D,Q$ are collinear.
8 replies
qwerty414
Mar 28, 2010
awesomeming327.
Jan 17, 2025
Circle geometry
G H J
Source: Korea 2010-4
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qwerty414
166 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by Davi-8191, Adventure10, Mango247
Given is a trapezoid $ ABCD$ where $ AB$ and $ CD$ are parallel, and $ A,B,C,D$ are clockwise in this order. Let $ \Gamma_1$ be the circle with center $ A$ passing through $ B$, $ \Gamma_2$ be the circle with center $ C$ passing through $ D$. The intersection of line $ BD$ and $ \Gamma_1$ is $ P$ $ ( \ne B,D)$. Denote by $ \Gamma$ the circle with diameter $ PD$, and let $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_1$ meet at $ X$$ ( \ne P)$. $ \Gamma$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Y$. If the circumcircle of triangle $ XBY$ and $ \Gamma_2$ meet at $ Q$, prove that $ B,D,Q$ are collinear.
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jgnr
1343 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I think $ PD$ need not to be the diameter of $ \Gamma$. As long as $ \Gamma$ passes through $ P$ and $ D$, the result holds.

Let $ Q'$ be the intersection of $ BP$ and $ \Gamma_2$. We use directed angle.

$ AB\parallel CD\implies \angle ABP=\angle CDQ'\implies \stackrel{\frown}{BP}=\stackrel{\frown}{DQ'}\implies \angle BXP=\angle DYQ'$

$ \angle BXY=\angle BXP+\angle PXY=\angle DYQ'+\angle PDY=\angle YQ'B$

Hence $ B,Y,Q',X$ are conyclic, which means $ Q'=Q$ and $ B,D,Q$ are collinear.
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vntbqpqh234
286 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
this problem of today is easier than a few day ago.
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vntbqpqh234
286 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I have a other way. with O the midpoint of PD then Y,O,C,Q lie on the circle. then have
YQD=YCO=BXY=1/2(BAP + or - YCQ). with ABC is a angle.
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vntbqpqh234
286 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
dear mathlinks member, I can't write the symbol of math on the artofproblemsolving.com and on the internet. help me :o
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lssl
240 posts
#6 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
That is easy , you just put "$" outside what you want to write , :)
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vntbqpqh234
286 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
uk. thanks
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rkm0959
1721 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Redefine $Q$ as the intersection of $BP$ and $\Gamma_2$, and it suffices to prove that $B, Y, Q, X$ are cyclic.

We have $$\angle YXB = \angle PXB - \angle PXY = 180-\frac{1}{2} \angle PAB - \angle YDQ$$and we also have $$\angle PAB = 180-2\angle ABP = 180-2\angle  BDC = \angle DCQ =2\angle DYQ$$so we have $$180-\frac{1}{2} \angle PAB - \angle YDQ = 180-\angle DYQ - \angle YDQ = \angle DQY$$giving $\angle YXB = \angle DQY$, which implies $B, Y, Q, X$ cyclic as required.
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awesomeming327.
1692 posts
#9
Y by
Let $O$ be the point of intersection of $AC$ and $BD$. Let $BD$ intersect $\Gamma_2$ again at $Q'$.

Claim 1: $OP\cdot OD=OB\cdot OQ'$
Note that $O$ is the center of a negative homothety that takes $AB$ to $CD$. Thus, it takes $\Gamma_1$ to $\Gamma_2$ and so it takes $P$ to $Q$. Thus, the factor of the homothety is
\[\frac{OB}{OD}=\frac{OP}{OQ}\]which proves our claim.

Note that this means that there exists an inversion at $O$ swapping $P$ with $D$ and $B$ with $Q'$.

Claim 2: This inversion swaps $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$.
We already have $B$ and $Q'$ swapped and $P$ and $D$ swapped. Let segment $AC$ intersect $\Gamma_1$ at $B'$ and $\Gamma_2$ at $D'$. Let line $AC$ intersect $\Gamma_2$ a second time at $D''$. We have
\[\frac{OB'}{OD'}=\frac{OB}{OD}\]by the homothety and
\[OD'\cdot OD''=OD\cdot OQ'\]so $OB'\cdot OD''=OB\cdot OQ'$. Our claim is true.

Since $(PD)$ stays constant, we have that $X$ and $Y$ are swapped, which means $O$ is on $XY$, $OB\cdot OQ'=OX\cdot OY$ and we are done.
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