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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
IMO Shortlist 2014 A2
hajimbrak   39
N a few seconds ago by math-olympiad-clown
Define the function $f:(0,1)\to (0,1)$ by \[\displaystyle f(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{lr} x+\frac 12 & \text{if}\ \  x < \frac 12\\ x^2 & \text{if}\ \  x \ge \frac 12 \end{array} \right.\] Let $a$ and $b$ be two real numbers such that $0 < a < b < 1$. We define the sequences $a_n$ and $b_n$ by $a_0 = a, b_0 = b$, and $a_n = f( a_{n -1})$, $b_n = f (b_{n -1} )$ for $n > 0$. Show that there exists a positive integer $n$ such that \[(a_n - a_{n-1})(b_n-b_{n-1})<0.\]

Proposed by Denmark
39 replies
hajimbrak
Jul 11, 2015
math-olympiad-clown
a few seconds ago
Parallelogram geo
VicKmath7   8
N 20 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: All-Russian 2022 10.7
Point $E$ is marked on side $BC$ of parallelogram $ABCD$, and on the side $AD$ - point $F$ so that the circumscribed circle of $ABE$ is tangent to line segment $CF$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $CDF$ is tangent to line $AE$.
8 replies
VicKmath7
Apr 20, 2022
cursed_tangent1434
20 minutes ago
Romanian Geo
oVlad   2
N 27 minutes ago by internationalnick123456
Source: Romania TST 2025 Day 1 P2
Let $ABC$ be a scalene acute triangle with incentre $I{}$ and circumcentre $O{}$. Let $AI$ cross $BC$ at $D$. On circle $ABC$, let $X$ and $Y$ be the mid-arc points of $ABC$ and $BCA$, respectively. Let $DX{}$ cross $CI{}$ at $E$ and let $DY{}$ cross $BI{}$ at $F{}$. Prove that the lines $FX, EY$ and $IO$ are concurrent on the external bisector of $\angle BAC$.

David-Andrei Anghel
2 replies
oVlad
an hour ago
internationalnick123456
27 minutes ago
Circlecevian triangles
Yggdra   0
33 minutes ago
Source: own
Let (P, P^*), (Q, Q^*) be two pairs of isogonal conjugates wrt \triangle ABC, and \triangle P_AP_BP_C, \triangle P^*_AP^*_BP^*_C, \triangle Q_AQ_BQ_C, \triangle Q^*_AQ^*_BQ^*_C be circlecevian triangles of P,P^*,Q,Q^*.

The three lines A(P_AQ_A\cap P^*_AQ^*_A), B(P_BQ_B\cap P^*_BQ^*_B), C(P_CQ_C\cap P^*_CQ^*_C) are concurrent.

The Newton lines of quadrangles P_AQ_AP^*_AQ^*_A, P_BQ_BP^*_BQ^*_B, P_CQ_CP^*_CQ^*_C are sides of the Ceva triangle of the trilinear polar of the Newton line of the quadrangle PQP^*Q^*.

The Newton line of the quadrangle PQP^*Q^* and the line passing through the Vu circlecevian point of (P, Q) and PQ^*\cap P^*Q are parallel .
0 replies
+1 w
Yggdra
33 minutes ago
0 replies
No more topics!
Similar triangles involve centroid
shobber   10
N Apr 30, 2024 by joshualiu315
Source: APMO 1991
Let $G$ be the centroid of a triangle $ABC$, and $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $X$ be on $AB$ and $Y$ on $AC$ such that the points $X$, $Y$, and $G$ are collinear and $XY$ and $BC$ are parallel. Suppose that $XC$ and $GB$ intersect at $Q$ and $YB$ and $GC$ intersect at $P$. Show that triangle $MPQ$ is similar to triangle $ABC$.
10 replies
shobber
Mar 11, 2006
joshualiu315
Apr 30, 2024
Similar triangles involve centroid
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: APMO 1991
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shobber
3498 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $G$ be the centroid of a triangle $ABC$, and $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $X$ be on $AB$ and $Y$ on $AC$ such that the points $X$, $Y$, and $G$ are collinear and $XY$ and $BC$ are parallel. Suppose that $XC$ and $GB$ intersect at $Q$ and $YB$ and $GC$ intersect at $P$. Show that triangle $MPQ$ is similar to triangle $ABC$.
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Megus
1198 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Sketch: It is enough to prove $PQ||BC$, $MP||AB$, $MQ||AC$. By Ceva $AM$, $BY$,$CX$ concur - denote this point by $N$. From this we get by reversed Ceva (for point $N$ in triangle $GBC$) and Thales $PQ||BC$. Call intersetion of $CG$ and $BG$ with sides $C'$ and $B'$ respectively. By Menelaos in CC'X and line GB we have $3QX=CQ$ and by Thales $3GP=PC$. Now:

$\frac{C'P}{PC}=\frac{C'G+GP}{PC}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{CG}{2PC}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{GP+PC}{2PC}=1$ Hence $MP||AB$ and similarly $MQ||AC$. QED
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darij grinberg
6555 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Also posted at http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=43338 .

darij
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freemind
337 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Since $XY||BC$, then from Ceva, it follows that $AM, BY$ and $CX$ are concurrent. Let $\alpha=\angle{BCP}$ and $\beta=\angle{ACP}$. Then from the Sine Theorem, $\frac{BP}{\sin\alpha}=\frac{BC}{\sin(\angle{BPC})}$ and $\frac{PY}{\sin\beta}=\frac{YC}{\sin(\angle{YPC})}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}AC}{\sin(\angle{BPC})}$. So $\frac{BP}{PY}=\frac{BC\sin\alpha}{\frac{1}{3}\sin\beta}$. Denote $C_{1}$ by the midpoint of $AB$. Using similar arguments, $\frac{BC_{1}}{C_{1}A}=1=\frac{BC\sin\alpha}{AC\sin\beta}$. So $\frac{BP}{PY}=3$. From Ceva for $\triangle{BGC}$ it results that $QP||BC||XY$. So $\frac{BQ}{QG}=3$. Let $B_{1}$ be the midpoint of $AC$. It results that $Q$ is the midpoint of $BB_{1}$. So $QM||AC$. Using similar arguments $PM||AB$. So $\triangle{ABC}$ and $\triangle{MPQ}$ have parallel sides. So they're similar.
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Vo Duc Dien
341 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
http://www.cut-the-knot.org/wiki-math/index.php?n=MathematicalOlympiads.APMO1991Problem1

Vo Duc Dien
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erfan_Ashorion
102 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
suppose $CG$ intersect $AB$ at $R$ and $BG$ intersect $AC$ at $S$ :
lemma 1:$M$and$Q$and$R$ are on same line.
proof of lemma 1:
on triangle $GBC$ we must proof:
$\frac{RG}{RC} . \frac{CM}{MB} . \frac{BQ}{QG} =1 $
so we must proof $\frac{BQ}{QG} = 3$ we know that :
$\frac{BQ}{QG} = \frac{CB}{GC} . \frac{\sin QCB}{\sin QCG} \rightarrow  \frac{BQ}{QG}= \frac{CB}{GC} . \frac{GC}{GX} = 3$
end of proof of lemma1.
proof of problem:
so $QMP=\angle A$ by menlaues on triangle $RMC$ and point $B,Q,G$ and also $SMB$ and point $C,P,G$ so we know that:
$\frac{MQ}{AC} = \frac{MP}{AB}$
end of proof of problem.
oh excuse me but im so lazy and this solution is so short!
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $\Delta MM_BM_C$ be the medial triangle WRT $\Delta ABC$ and then apply Ceva on $\Delta ABC$, $\Delta GBC$, $\Delta BM_CC$ and $\Delta BM_BC$ to obtain $\Delta MPQ$ $\sim$ $\Delta ABC$

@below I didn't expect a guy like you to bash such a beautiful geo :noo:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by AlastorMoody, May 7, 2019, 5:59 AM
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Pluto1708
1107 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
This shows the power of bary :P
As usual take $A,B,C=(1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1)$.Then obtain $M=(0,\dfrac{1}{2},\dfrac{1}{2}),X=(\dfrac{1}{3},\dfrac{2}{3},0),Y=(\dfrac{1}{3},0,\dfrac{2}{3}),G=(\dfrac{1}{3},\dfrac{1}{3},\dfrac{1}{3}),P=(\dfrac{1}{4},\dfrac{1}{4},\dfrac{1}{2}),Q=(\dfrac{1}{4},\dfrac{1}{2},\dfrac{1}{4})$.We are ready for computation.Since $|PQ|^2=-a^2yz-b^2xz-c^2xy$ where $PQ$ is the displacement vector, so its easy to see $|PQ|^2=\dfrac{a^2}{16},|MQ|^2=\dfrac{b^2}{16}$.Thus $MPQ\sim ABC$ with similarity factor $\dfrac{1}{4}$.This center of similarity is $AM\cap BP \cap CQ$.
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JxonAoPS
13 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Proof
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by JxonAoPS, May 7, 2019, 5:44 AM
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djmathman
7936 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by centslordm, HamstPan38825
Surprised this solution hasn't been posted yet! Maybe it's fundamentally similar to some of the others.

First remark by similarity ratios that $\tfrac{PC}{PG} = \tfrac{BQ}{QG} = 2$, so $PQ\parallel BC$.

Let $D$ and $E$ be the midpoints of $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{AC}$, respectively. Triangles $EGY$ and $EBC$ are homothetic, as are triangles $PGY$ and $PCB$; looking at both centers of homothety shows that $E$, $P$, and $M$ are collinear. Likewise, $D$, $Q$, and $M$ are collinear.

Therefore $\triangle ABC\sim\triangle MED\sim\triangle MPQ$.
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joshualiu315
2513 posts
#11
Y by
Denote the midpoint of $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{AB}$ as $D$ and $E$.

Notice that $GY = \tfrac{1}{3} BC$, so $\triangle GPY \sim \triangle BPC$ with $\tfrac{GP}{PC} = \frac{1}{3}$. Hence, $PE=PC$, so $\triangle CPM \sim \triangle CEB$ which implies $\overline{PM} \parallel \overline{AB}$. Similarly, $\overline{QM} \parallel \overline{AC}$, which implies the desired similarity. $\square$
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