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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Center of Symmetry
Tung-CHL   0
9 minutes ago
Let $P(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be a polynomial. Suppose that $P(a)+P(b)=0$ for infinitely many pairs $(a,b) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$. Prove that the graph of function $y=P(x)$ has a center of symmetry.
0 replies
Tung-CHL
9 minutes ago
0 replies
Easy function in turkey TST
egxa   10
N 20 minutes ago by jasperE3
Source: 2024 Turkey TST P2
Find all $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ functions such that
$$f(x+y)^3=(x+2y)f(x^2)+f(f(y))(x^2+3xy+y^2)$$for all real numbers $x,y$
10 replies
egxa
Mar 18, 2024
jasperE3
20 minutes ago
problem//
Cobedangiu   3
N 21 minutes ago by Cobedangiu
Let $x,y,z>0$ and $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=3$. Find min A (and prove)
$A=\sum \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}$
3 replies
Cobedangiu
2 hours ago
Cobedangiu
21 minutes ago
Turbo's en route to visit each cell of the board
Lukaluce   9
N 28 minutes ago by CrazyInMath
Source: EGMO 2025 P5
Let $n > 1$ be an integer. In a configuration of an $n \times n$ board, each of the $n^2$ cells contains an arrow, either pointing up, down, left, or right. Given a starting configuration, Turbo the snail starts in one of the cells of the board and travels from cell to cell. In each move, Turbo moves one square unit in the direction indicated by the arrow in her cell (possibly leaving the board). After each move, the arrows in all of the cells rotate $90^{\circ}$ counterclockwise. We call a cell good if, starting from that cell, Turbo visits each cell of the board exactly once, without leaving the board, and returns to her initial cell at the end. Determine, in terms of $n$, the maximum number of good cells over all possible starting configurations.

Proposed by Melek Güngör, Turkey
9 replies
Lukaluce
Today at 11:01 AM
CrazyInMath
28 minutes ago
EGMO magic square
Lukaluce   4
N 30 minutes ago by Polyquadratus
Source: EGMO 2025 P6
In each cell of a $2025 \times 2025$ board, a nonnegative real number is written in such a way that the sum of the numbers in each row is equal to $1$, and the sum of the numbers in each column is equal to $1$. Define $r_i$ to be the largest value in row $i$, and let $R = r_1 + r_2 + ... + r_{2025}$. Similarly, define $c_i$ to be the largest value in column $i$, and let $C = c_1 + c_2 + ... + c_{2025}$.
What is the largest possible value of $\frac{R}{C}$?

Proposed by Paulius Aleknavičius, Lithuania
4 replies
Lukaluce
Today at 11:03 AM
Polyquadratus
30 minutes ago
ISI Problem 7 2018
rayuga   10
N 39 minutes ago by Mathworld314
Let $a, b, c$ are natural numbers such that $a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}$ and $c-b=1$
Prove that

$(i)$ $a$ is odd.
$(ii)$ $b$ is divisible by $4$
$(iii)$ $a^{b}+b^{a}$ is divisible by $c$
10 replies
rayuga
May 13, 2018
Mathworld314
39 minutes ago
Parallelograms and concyclicity
Lukaluce   15
N 43 minutes ago by CrazyInMath
Source: EGMO 2025 P4
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incentre $I$ and $AB \neq AC$. Let lines $BI$ and $CI$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P \neq B$ and $Q \neq C$, respectively. Consider points $R$ and $S$ such that $AQRB$ and $ACSP$ are parallelograms (with $AQ \parallel RB, AB \parallel QR, AC \parallel SP$, and $AP \parallel CS$). Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $RB$ and $SC$. Prove that points $R, S, T$, and $I$ are concyclic.
15 replies
Lukaluce
Today at 10:59 AM
CrazyInMath
43 minutes ago
Miklos Schweitzer 1980_1
ehsan2004   12
N an hour ago by Ailyta
For a real number $ x$, let $ \|x \|$ denote the distance between $ x$ and the closest integer. Let $ 0 \leq x_n <1 \; (n=1,2,\ldots)\ ,$ and let $ \varepsilon >0$. Show that there exist infinitely many pairs $ (n,m)$ of indices such that $ n \not=
m$ and \[ \|x_n-x_m \|< \min \left( \varepsilon , \frac{1}{2|n-m|} \right).\]

V. T. Sos
12 replies
ehsan2004
Jan 28, 2009
Ailyta
an hour ago
Inequality while on a trip
giangtruong13   2
N an hour ago by giangtruong13
Source: Trip
I find this inequality while i was on a trip, it was pretty fun and i have some new experience:
Let $a,b,c \geq -2$ such that: $a^2+b^2+c^2 \leq 8$. Find the maximum: $$A= \sum_{cyc} \frac{1}{16+a^3}$$
2 replies
+1 w
giangtruong13
Apr 12, 2025
giangtruong13
an hour ago
Mock 22nd Thailand TMO P10
korncrazy   2
N an hour ago by korncrazy
Source: own
Prove that there exists infinitely many triples of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that $a>b>c,\,\gcd(a,b,c)=1$ and $$a^2-b^2,a^2-c^2,b^2-c^2$$are all perfect square.
2 replies
korncrazy
Yesterday at 6:57 PM
korncrazy
an hour ago
best source for inequalitys
Namisgood   2
N 2 hours ago by Namisgood
I need some help do I am beginner and have completed Number theory and almost all of algebra (except inequalitys) can anybody suggest a book or resource from where I can study inequalitys
2 replies
Namisgood
Yesterday at 8:18 AM
Namisgood
2 hours ago
one cyclic formed by two cyclic
CrazyInMath   27
N 2 hours ago by Eeightqx
Source: EGMO 2025/3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Points $B, D, E$, and $C$ lie on a line in this order and satisfy $BD = DE = EC$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AD$ and $AE$, respectively. Suppose triangle $ADE$ is acute, and let $H$ be its orthocentre. Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on lines $BM$ and $CN$, respectively, such that $D, H, M,$ and $P$ are concyclic and pairwise different, and $E, H, N,$ and $Q$ are concyclic and pairwise different. Prove that $P, Q, N,$ and $M$ are concyclic.
27 replies
CrazyInMath
Yesterday at 12:38 PM
Eeightqx
2 hours ago
Inspired by lgx57
sqing   1
N 2 hours ago by Primeniyazidayi
Source: Own
Let $ x,y $ be reals such that $x+y=3$ and $\frac{1}{x^2+y}+\frac{1}{x+y^2}=\frac{1}{2}$. Prove that
$$x^2+y^2=7 $$$$x^3+y^3=18 $$$$x^4+y^4=47$$
1 reply
sqing
2 hours ago
Primeniyazidayi
2 hours ago
pairwise coprime sum gcd
InterLoop   30
N 2 hours ago by HasnatFarooq
Source: EGMO 2025/1
For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < \dots < c_m$ be all the positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \ge 3$ such that
$$\gcd(N, c_i + c_{i+1}) \neq 1$$for all $1 \le i \le m - 1$.
30 replies
InterLoop
Yesterday at 12:34 PM
HasnatFarooq
2 hours ago
Triangle centres
shobber   4
N May 27, 2014 by Sardor
Source: China TST 2005
In acute angled triangle $ABC$, $BC=a$,$CA=b$,$AB=c$, and $a>b>c$. $I,O,H$ are the incentre, circumcentre and orthocentre of $\triangle{ABC}$ respectively. Point $D \in BC$, $E \in CA$ and $AE=BD$, $CD+CE=AB$. Let the intersectionf of $BE$ and $AD$ be $K$. Prove that $KH \parallel IO$ and $KH = 2IO$.
4 replies
shobber
Jun 27, 2006
Sardor
May 27, 2014
Triangle centres
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: China TST 2005
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shobber
3498 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
In acute angled triangle $ABC$, $BC=a$,$CA=b$,$AB=c$, and $a>b>c$. $I,O,H$ are the incentre, circumcentre and orthocentre of $\triangle{ABC}$ respectively. Point $D \in BC$, $E \in CA$ and $AE=BD$, $CD+CE=AB$. Let the intersectionf of $BE$ and $AD$ be $K$. Prove that $KH \parallel IO$ and $KH = 2IO$.
Z K Y
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cefer
293 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Let $CK$ meet $AB$ at $F$ then from Seva teorem
$\frac{AE}{EC}\frac{CD}{DB}\frac{BF}{FA}=1 \Longrightarrow AE=BD \Longrightarrow\frac{CD}{EC}=\frac{FA}{FB}\Longrightarrow \frac{CD+CE}{EC}=\frac{AB}{FB}$ $\Longrightarrow EC=FB$ and $AF=CD$
So $AF=CD=p-b, BF=CE=p-a, BD=AE=p-c$
Let $A_1,B_1,C_1$ be the feet of altitudes from $A,B,C$, respectively.Let $K_1,K_2$ be feet of perpendiculars from $K$to the side $BC$ and to the altitude $AA_1$ and let $S,T$ and $R$ be the feet of perpendiculars from $I$ and $O$ to the side $BC$, and foot of altitude $O$ to $IS$, respectively.
From the Seva teorem we get $\frac{AD}{KD}=\frac{p}{p-a}=\frac{AA_1}{KK_1} \Longrightarrow KK_1=\frac{p-a}{p}AA_1$
$|HK_2|=|HA_1-KK_1|=|AA_1-AH-AA_1\frac{p-a}{p}|=|\frac{a}{p}AA_1-AH|=|\frac{2S}{p}-AH|=|2r-2OT|$

$\Longrightarrow HK_2=2IR$ $(1)$
$KK_2=A_1K_1=A_1D-K_1D=A_1D-A_1D \frac{KD}{AD}=A_1D-A_1D\frac{p-a}{p}=\frac{a}{p}A_1D=\frac{a}{p}(CA_1-CD)=\frac{a}{p}(\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2a}-(p-b))=b-c$
$\Longrightarrow KK_2=2(p-c-\frac{a}{2})=2ST$
$\Longrightarrow KK_2=2OR$$(2)$
Using $(1)$,$(2)$ and $\angle KK_2H=\angle ORI=\frac{\pi}{2}$
we get $\bigtriangleup KK_2H \sim \bigtriangleup ORI$ with ratio $2$.
So we get $KH \Vert OI$ and $KH=2OI$
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N.T.TUAN
3595 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
We have $(p-a)\overrightarrow{KA}+(p-b)\overrightarrow{KB}+(p-c)\overrightarrow{KC}=\overrightarrow{0}$, $\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{OH}$, $a\overrightarrow{IA}+b\overrightarrow{IB}+c\overrightarrow{IC}=\overrightarrow{0}$. Now, it is easy ! :D
Z K Y
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Sardor
804 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
It's very easy problem.We have $ K $ is Nagel point of the triangle $ ABC $ and by Nagel line theorem $ K,I,G $ are collinear and $ GK=2IG $, on the other hand $ H,G,O $ are collinear ( Euler line ) and $ HO=2OG $ ,so the triangle $ IGO $ and the triangle $ HGK $ similar, so $ IO $ parallel to $ HK $ and $ HK=2IO $ .
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Sardor
804 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Where $ G $ is centroid of the trianle $ ABC $.
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N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a