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(help urgent) Classic Geo Problem / Angle Chasing?
orangesyrup   0
5 minutes ago
Source: own
In the given figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and ∠BAC = 78°. Point D is chosen inside the triangle such that AD=DC. Find the measure of angle X (∠BDC).

ps: see the attachment for figure
0 replies
orangesyrup
5 minutes ago
0 replies
Lord Evan the Reflector
whatshisbucket   21
N 26 minutes ago by ezpotd
Source: ELMO 2018 #3, 2018 ELMO SL G3
Let $A$ be a point in the plane, and $\ell$ a line not passing through $A$. Evan does not have a straightedge, but instead has a special compass which has the ability to draw a circle through three distinct noncollinear points. (The center of the circle is not marked in this process.) Additionally, Evan can mark the intersections between two objects drawn, and can mark an arbitrary point on a given object or on the plane.

(i) Can Evan construct* the reflection of $A$ over $\ell$?

(ii) Can Evan construct the foot of the altitude from $A$ to $\ell$?

*To construct a point, Evan must have an algorithm which marks the point in finitely many steps.

Proposed by Zack Chroman
21 replies
whatshisbucket
Jun 28, 2018
ezpotd
26 minutes ago
Feet of perpendiculars to diagonal in cyclic quadrilateral
jl_   2
N 27 minutes ago by lw202277
Source: Malaysia IMONST 2 2023 (Primary) P6
Suppose $ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral with $\angle ABC = \angle ADC = 90^{\circ}$. Let $E$ and $F$ be the feet of perpendiculars from $A$ and $C$ to $BD$ respectively. Prove that $BE = DF$.
2 replies
1 viewing
jl_
3 hours ago
lw202277
27 minutes ago
The old one is gone.
EeEeRUT   9
N 30 minutes ago by Jupiterballs
Source: EGMO 2025 P2
An infinite increasing sequence $a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \cdots$ of positive integers is called central if for every positive integer $n$ , the arithmetic mean of the first $a_n$ terms of the sequence is equal to $a_n$.

Show that there exists an infinite sequence $b_1, b_2, b_3, \dots$ of positive integers such that for every central sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots, $ there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ with $a_n = b_n$.
9 replies
EeEeRUT
Apr 16, 2025
Jupiterballs
30 minutes ago
Inequalities
Humberto_Filho   2
N 30 minutes ago by damyan
Source: From the material : A brief introduction to inequalities.
Let a,b be nonnegative real numbers such that $a + b \leq 2$. Prove that :

$$(1+a^2)(1+b^2) \geq (1 + (\frac{a+b}{2})^2)^2$$
2 replies
1 viewing
Humberto_Filho
Apr 12, 2023
damyan
30 minutes ago
3 var inequalities
sqing   1
N 37 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b> 0 $ and $ a+b\leq  2ab . $ Prove that
$$ \frac{   a + b }{ a^2(1+ b^2)} \leq\frac{1 }{\sqrt 2}-\frac{1 }{2}$$$$ \frac{   a +ab+ b }{ a^2(1+ b^2)} \leq \sqrt 2-1$$$$ \frac{   a +a^2b^2+ b }{ a^2(1+ b^2)} \leq\frac{\sqrt5 }{2}$$
1 reply
sqing
43 minutes ago
sqing
37 minutes ago
Divisibility holds for all naturals
XbenX   13
N 44 minutes ago by zRevenant
Source: 2018 Balkan MO Shortlist N5
Let $x,y$ be positive integers. If for each positive integer $n$ we have that $$(ny)^2+1\mid x^{\varphi(n)}-1.$$Prove that $x=1$.

(Silouanos Brazitikos, Greece)
13 replies
XbenX
May 22, 2019
zRevenant
44 minutes ago
Sum and product of 5 numbers
jl_   1
N an hour ago by jl_
Source: Malaysia IMONST 2 2023 (Primary) P2
Ivan bought $50$ cats consisting of five different breeds. He records the number of cats of each breed and after multiplying these five numbers he obtains the number $100000$. How many cats of each breed does he have?
1 reply
jl_
4 hours ago
jl_
an hour ago
Interesting inequalities
sqing   3
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b> 0 $ and $ a+b\leq  2ab . $ Prove that
$$\frac{ 9a^2- ab +9b^2 }{ a^2(1+b^4)}\leq\frac{17 }{2}$$$$\frac{a- ab+b }{ a^2(1+b^4)}\leq\frac{1 }{2}$$$$\frac{2a- 3ab+2b }{ a^2(1+b^4)}\leq\frac{1 }{2}$$
3 replies
sqing
5 hours ago
sqing
an hour ago
a+b+c=2 ine
KhuongTrang   30
N an hour ago by KhuongTrang
Source: own
Problem. Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c: ab+bc+ca>0$ satisfying $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that $$\color{blue}{\frac{a}{\sqrt{2a+3bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{2b+3ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{2c+3ab}} \le \sqrt{\frac{2}{ab+bc+ca}}. }$$
30 replies
KhuongTrang
Jun 25, 2024
KhuongTrang
an hour ago
2021 EGMO P1: {m, 2m+1, 3m} is fantabulous
anser   55
N 2 hours ago by NicoN9
Source: 2021 EGMO P1
The number 2021 is fantabulous. For any positive integer $m$, if any element of the set $\{m, 2m+1, 3m\}$ is fantabulous, then all the elements are fantabulous. Does it follow that the number $2021^{2021}$ is fantabulous?
55 replies
anser
Apr 13, 2021
NicoN9
2 hours ago
Complicated FE
XAN4   0
2 hours ago
Source: own
Find all solutions for the functional equation $f(xyz)+\sum_{cyc}f(\frac{yz}x)=f(x)\cdot f(y)\cdot f(z)$, in which $f$: $\mathbb R^+\rightarrow\mathbb R^+$
Note: the solution is actually quite obvious - $f(x)=x^n+\frac1{x^n}$, but the proof is important.
Note 2: it is likely that the result can be generalized into a more advanced questions, potentially involving more bash.
0 replies
XAN4
2 hours ago
0 replies
Nepal TST 2025 DAY 1 Problem 1
Bata325   7
N Apr 15, 2025 by cursed_tangent1434
Source: Nepal TST 2025 p1
Consider a triangle $\triangle ABC$ and some point $X$ on $BC$. The perpendicular from $X$ to $AB$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle AXC$ at $P$ and the perpendicular from $X$ to $AC$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle AXB$ at $Q$. Show that the line $PQ$ does not depend on the choice of $X$.

(Shining Sun, USA)
7 replies
Bata325
Apr 11, 2025
cursed_tangent1434
Apr 15, 2025
Nepal TST 2025 DAY 1 Problem 1
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Source: Nepal TST 2025 p1
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Bata325
8 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by khan.academy, cubres, Mathdreams
Consider a triangle $\triangle ABC$ and some point $X$ on $BC$. The perpendicular from $X$ to $AB$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle AXC$ at $P$ and the perpendicular from $X$ to $AC$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle AXB$ at $Q$. Show that the line $PQ$ does not depend on the choice of $X$.

(Shining Sun, USA)
This post has been edited 6 times. Last edited by Bata325, Apr 13, 2025, 2:54 AM
Reason: italics
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Mathdreams
1465 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
My problem! :)

Shocking that my olympiad problem writing debut is a geometry problem. People that know me will know how bad I am at geo. :wacko:

Solution
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Mathdreams, Apr 12, 2025, 8:33 PM
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wassupevery1
317 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Solution
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Tony_stark0094
65 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
The points used in this proof are as shown in the figure $O_1,O_2,O_3$ are the centres of the circles $\odot ABC, \odot ACX, \odot ABX$ respectively
I claim that the line $PQ$ always passes through the circumcentre of $\Delta ABC$
proof:
Define phantom points $P'$ and $Q'$ such that $P'=\odot ACX \cap AO_1$ and $Q'= \odot ABX \cap AO_1$
now we know that $O_1O_2$ and $O_1O_3$ are the perpendicular bisectors of the radial axes $AC$ and $AB$
$\angle AP'X= \angle ACX = \angle C$ and $\angle AO_1O_3= \angle AO_1E= \angle C$ hence $O_1O_3 \parallel P'X \implies P'X \perp AB$
and
$\angle AQ'D=\angle ABX =\angle B$ and $\angle AO_1E= \angle B$ so $O_1O_2 \parallel  Q'D \implies Q'D \perp AC$
hence $P' \equiv P $ and $Q' \equiv Q$ and the required claim is proved
Attachments:
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Tony_stark0094
65 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Mathdreams, cubres
Mathdreams wrote:
My problem! :)

Shocking that my olympiad problem writing debut is a geometry problem. People that know me will know how bad I am at geo. :wacko:

Solution

I think there should be 180 - 2ACB in your third line
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Tony_stark0094, Apr 13, 2025, 2:41 AM
Reason: pllllll
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ThatApollo777
73 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Claim : $AO$ is the required line where $O$ is circumcenter of $ABC$

Pf. $\measuredangle BAP = 90 - \measuredangle APX = 90 - \measuredangle ACX = 90 - \measuredangle ACB = \measuredangle BAO$ hence $P$ lies on $AO$ and similarly $Q$ must also lie on AO so we are done.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by ThatApollo777, Apr 12, 2025, 3:34 PM
Reason: clarity
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Mathdreams
1465 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
@2above Fixed!
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cursed_tangent1434
597 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by GeoKing, brute12
The idea is that both points $P$ and $Q$ lie on the line $\overline{AO}$ where $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC$. To see why,
\[\measuredangle BAQ = \measuredangle CXQ = 90 + \measuredangle BCA\]which implies that $Q$ lies on $\overline{AO}$. Similarly,
\[\measuredangle CAQ = \measuredangle CXP = 90 + \measuredangle CBA\]which implies that $P$ lies on $\overline{AO}$ and thus the line $PQ$ does not depend on the choice of $X$.
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