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k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
stuck on a system of recurrence sequence
Nonecludiangeofan   0
20 minutes ago
Please guys help me solve this nasty problem that i've been stuck for the past month:
Let \( (a_n) \) and \( (b_n) \) be two sequences defined by:
\[
a_{n+1} = \frac{1 + a_n + a_n b_n}{b_n} \quad \text{and} \quad b_{n+1} = \frac{1 + b_n + a_n b_n}{a_n}
\]for all \( n \ge 0 \), with initial values \( a_0 = 1 \) and \( b_0 = 2 \).

Prove that:
\[
a_{2024} < 5.
\]
(btw am still not comfortable with system of recurrence sequences)
0 replies
Nonecludiangeofan
20 minutes ago
0 replies
A huge group of children compare their heights
Tintarn   5
N 22 minutes ago by InCtrl
Source: All-Russian MO 2024 9.8
$1000$ children, no two of the same height, lined up. Let us call a pair of different children $(a,b)$ good if between them there is no child whose height is greater than the height of one of $a$ and $b$, but less than the height of the other. What is the greatest number of good pairs that could be formed? (Here, $(a,b)$ and $(b,a)$ are considered the same pair.)
Proposed by I. Bogdanov
5 replies
Tintarn
Apr 22, 2024
InCtrl
22 minutes ago
Iran Inequality
mathmatecS   15
N 43 minutes ago by Marcus_Zhang
Source: Iran 1998
When $x(\ge1),$ $y(\ge1),$ $z(\ge1)$ satisfy $\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2,$ prove in equality.
$$\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}$$
15 replies
mathmatecS
Jun 11, 2015
Marcus_Zhang
43 minutes ago
Inequality involving x, y and z
cefer   46
N an hour ago by Baimukh
Source: Balkan MO 2012 - Problem 2
Prove that
\[\sum_{cyc}(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)} \geq 4(xy+yz+zx),\]
for all positive real numbers $x,y$ and $z$.
46 replies
cefer
Apr 28, 2012
Baimukh
an hour ago
nice limits :D
Levieee   11
N Today at 4:39 PM by alexheinis
$\text{nice limit sums}$ :D :play_ball:
11 replies
Levieee
Yesterday at 10:53 PM
alexheinis
Today at 4:39 PM
real analysis
ay19bme   2
N Today at 3:57 PM by ay19bme
..............
2 replies
ay19bme
Yesterday at 8:10 PM
ay19bme
Today at 3:57 PM
Diferential ecuation from physics
QQQ43   1
N Today at 2:25 PM by QQQ43
Find all functions f:R -> R such that :
f''(x)+f'(x)*b+cos(f(x))*c=a ; where a,b,c are constants in R
f'(0)=0
f(0)=0
1 reply
QQQ43
Yesterday at 2:10 PM
QQQ43
Today at 2:25 PM
ISI 2024 P1
MrOreoJuice   7
N Today at 1:22 PM by Levieee
Find, with proof, all possible values of $t$ such that
\[\lim_{n \to \infty} \left( \frac{1 + 2^{1/3} + 3^{1/3} + \dots + n^{1/3}}{n^t} \right ) = c\]for some real $c>0$. Also find the corresponding values of $c$.
7 replies
1 viewing
MrOreoJuice
May 12, 2024
Levieee
Today at 1:22 PM
Differentiation Marathon!
LawofCosine   186
N Today at 10:01 AM by LawofCosine
Hello, everybody!

This is a differentiation marathon. It is just like an ordinary marathon, where you can post problems and provide solutions to the problem posted by the previous user. You can only post differentiation problems (not including integration and differential equations) and please don't make it too hard!

Have fun!

(Sorry about the bad english)
186 replies
LawofCosine
Feb 1, 2025
LawofCosine
Today at 10:01 AM
IMC 1994 D2 P1
j___d   12
N Today at 5:32 AM by mqoi_KOLA
Let $f\in C^1[a,b]$, $f(a)=0$ and suppose that $\lambda\in\mathbb R$, $\lambda >0$, is such that
$$|f'(x)|\leq \lambda |f(x)|$$for all $x\in [a,b]$. Is it true that $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in [a,b]$?
12 replies
j___d
Mar 6, 2017
mqoi_KOLA
Today at 5:32 AM
Solve the following Limit
deepthinka   1
N Yesterday at 10:56 PM by HacheB2031
Solve:
\lim_{ x \to \frac{\pi}{2}^+ } tan(x)

NB:The calculus textbook I'm reading gives the answer

as as ( -\infty ) and not '0.027'.

( The textbook doesn't provide any algebraic justification
for this answer, it just plots the graphs.
But i'll like a Clear algebraic explanation
)
1 reply
deepthinka
Yesterday at 9:11 PM
HacheB2031
Yesterday at 10:56 PM
why cl(W) cap X is compact confusion
enter16180   1
N Yesterday at 9:05 PM by Tip_pay
can someone say here why $ Cl(W_{x}) \cap X$ is compact?
1 reply
enter16180
Feb 19, 2023
Tip_pay
Yesterday at 9:05 PM
topology
ay19bme   3
N Yesterday at 8:09 PM by ay19bme
............
3 replies
ay19bme
Mar 18, 2025
ay19bme
Yesterday at 8:09 PM
How to Scare Beginners/Intermediate Speed Integrators
Silver08   7
N Yesterday at 6:40 PM by Silver08
Compute:

$$\int e^{x+\tan^{-1}(\sec(x)+\tan(x))}dx$$
7 replies
Silver08
Yesterday at 5:34 AM
Silver08
Yesterday at 6:40 PM
Combinatorics from Iranian TST 2017
bgn   20
N Mar 18, 2025 by ezpotd
Source: Iranian TST 2017, first exam, day1, problem 2
In the country of Sugarland, there are $13$ students in the IMO team selection camp.
$6$ team selection tests were taken and the results have came out. Assume that no students have the same score on the same test.To select the IMO team, the national committee of math Olympiad have decided to choose a permutation of these $6$ tests and starting from the first test, the person with the highest score between the remaining students will become a member of the team.The committee is having a session to choose the permutation.
Is it possible that all $13$ students have a chance of being a team member?

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian
20 replies
bgn
Apr 5, 2017
ezpotd
Mar 18, 2025
Combinatorics from Iranian TST 2017
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Iranian TST 2017, first exam, day1, problem 2
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bgn
178 posts
#1 • 11 Y
Y by Ankoganit, anantmudgal09, ATimo, rafayaashary1, ahmedAbd, laegolas, kk108, Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
In the country of Sugarland, there are $13$ students in the IMO team selection camp.
$6$ team selection tests were taken and the results have came out. Assume that no students have the same score on the same test.To select the IMO team, the national committee of math Olympiad have decided to choose a permutation of these $6$ tests and starting from the first test, the person with the highest score between the remaining students will become a member of the team.The committee is having a session to choose the permutation.
Is it possible that all $13$ students have a chance of being a team member?

Proposed by Morteza Saghafian
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by bgn, Apr 7, 2017, 6:42 PM
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mamouaz1
90 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
Hum maybe i miss something but if a student has $0$ il all the tests. He has no chance for being a team member?
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rafayaashary1
2541 posts
#3 • 8 Y
Y by Ankoganit, Lsway, laegolas, Tawan, ljxlapin, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
mamouaz1 wrote:
Hum maybe i miss something but if a student has $0$ il all the tests. He has no chance for being a team member?
I think it asks if there exists a configuration of rankings so that for every student, there is a permutation of the tests in which that student qualifies.

Edit: I live in Sugar Land :o
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by rafayaashary1, Apr 5, 2017, 4:36 PM
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bgn
178 posts
#4 • 3 Y
Y by Tawan, Adventure10, sami1618
rafayaashary1 wrote:
I live in Sugar Land :o
That's pretty intresting :D
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MellowMelon
5850 posts
#5 • 7 Y
Y by rafayaashary1, Ankoganit, laegolas, dgrozev, Tawan, Adventure10, sami1618
Solution
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Gems98
203 posts
#6 • 4 Y
Y by canhhoang30011999, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
Click to reveal hidden text
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MathPanda1
1135 posts
#7 • 4 Y
Y by Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
What is the maximum number of students there can be so that there is still a chance of being a team member?
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bgn
178 posts
#8 • 4 Y
Y by Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
MathPanda1 wrote:
What is the maximum number of students there can be so that there is still a chance of being a team member?

I think there was an example for $14$ students. But don't have an idea about the maximum number.
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eager
48 posts
#9 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
TEST: 1 2 3 4 5 6
A A A A A A
B B B B B B
C C C D D D
D D D C C C
E E F F G G
H I J K L M Satisfies the conditions
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RootOfUnity
2 posts
#10 • 4 Y
Y by Tawan, Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618
MathPanda1 wrote:
What is the maximum number of students there can be so that there is still a chance of being a team member?

Here is an example for $14$ students:

\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}r}
Test              & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5  & 6 \\
\hline
1st place& A & A & A & A & A & A  \\
2nd place & B & B & B & B &  B & B \\
3rd place & C & C & D & D &  E & E \\
4th place& F & G & G & H & H & F \\
5th place& I & J & K & L & M & N \\
\end{tabular}
For example, $I$ can get into the team with the order $(4,3,5,2,6,1)\rightarrow(A,B,E,C,F,I)$.
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pavel kozlov
613 posts
#11 • 4 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, sami1618, ihatemath123
"That's an awfully tricky yes-no question to put on a TST..."
You should know about pre-history of a problem:
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h46293p292638
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AwesomeYRY
579 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by sami1618
$\textbf{Yes.}$ This is in fact possible, with the following setup, where each column represents the top 6 scorers on each problem, and the contestants are numbered $01,02,\ldots,13$.

01 01 01 01 01 01
02 02 02 02 02 02
03 03 03 03 03 03
04 04 04 04 04 04
05 05 06 06 07 07
08 09 10 11 12 13
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by AwesomeYRY, Jun 30, 2021, 9:30 PM
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IAmTheHazard
5000 posts
#14 • 1 Y
Y by sami1618
It is indeed possible. Number the students 01 to 13 and suppose that the top 6 on each problem is as follows
01 01 01 01 01 01
02 02 02 02 02 02
03 03 03 03 03 03
04 04 04 04 04 04
05 05 06 06 07 07
08 09 10 11 12 13
And assign the rest of the rankings arbitrarily. Then in any IMO team, students 01 through 04 must be included. Students 05 and 09 can be included through the permutation 654312, and something similar can be sued to include any of the other students. $\blacksquare$
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Cookierookie
52 posts
#15 • 1 Y
Y by sami1618
\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}r}
Test              & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5  & 6 \\
\hline
1st place& 1 & 1 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 2  \\
2nd place & 3 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
3rd place & 6 & 7 & 8 & 8 &  6 & 7 \\
4th place& 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 & 13 & 14 \\
\end{tabular}
is a shorter example for $14$.

You work backwards to verify that this works, notice that showing any $4$th place student can get into the team is sufficient. Let me demonstrate an example for any student in $5$th place say $11$:
To get $11$ you must get students $8,5,1$ into the team first, you have to get $8$ from Test $4$ and $5$ from Test $6$ which are always different by construction. And you should also take student $3$ from Test $1$ before you start taking $8$, notice that Test $1$, $4$, $6$, $3$ are all different again. So you first take the left out tests, $2$, $5$ in this case, then take $1$, $4$, $6$, $3$ in order.
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cj13609517288
1868 posts
#17 • 2 Y
Y by lelouchvigeo, sami1618
1 2 3 5 8
1 2 3 6 9
1 2 3 7 A
1 2 4 5 B
1 2 4 6 C
1 2 4 7 D
$\blacksquare$
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HamstPan38825
8855 posts
#18 • 1 Y
Y by sami1618
Quite difficult but very satisfying to solve.

Consider the construction
$$\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
& Problem 1 & Problem 2 & Problem 3 & Problem 4 & Problem 5 & Problem 6 \\ \hline
Student 1 & 1 & 1 & & 2 & & \\\hline
Student 2 & 2 & & 1 & 1 & & \\\hline
Student 3 & & 2 & & & 1 & \\\hline
Student 4 & & & 2 & & & 1 \\\hline
Student 5 & 3 & 3 & & & & \\\hline
Student 6 & 4 & & & & & \\\hline
Student 7 & & 4 & & & & \\\hline
Student 8 & & & 3 & 3 & & \\\hline
Student 9 & & & 4 & & & \\\hline
Student 10 & & & & 4 & & \\\hline
Student 11 & & & & & 2 & 2 \\\hline
Student 12 & & & & & 3 & \\\hline
Student 13 & & & & & & 3
\end{tabular}$$
where the columns denote problems, rows denote students, and the entry in $(r, c)$ corresponds to the rank of student $r$ on problem $c$. The places left blank can be chosen arbitrarily. Now, observe that:
  • Students $1, 2, 3, 4$ can get on the team as if the problem they are ranked first on is chosen first;
  • Student $5$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $3, 4, 5, 1$;
  • Student $6$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $3, 4, 5, 2, 1$;
  • Student $7$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $3, 4, 5, 1, 2$;
  • Students $8$ through $10$ can get on the team by symmetry (with $3, 4$ replaced with $2, 1$ and so on).
  • Student $11$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $4, 1, 2, 3, 5$;
  • Student $12$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $4, 1, 2, 3, 6, 5$;
  • Student $13$ can get on the team if the problems are chosen in the order $4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6$.
So all $13$ students can get on the team, which concludes the proof.

Remark: The underlying idea behind the construction was to use the top $2 \times 4$ square to easily be able to eliminate top ranks; then, for each pair, we would be able to uplift three students who were ranked lower, which suffices for the $13$ students.
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lelouchvigeo
172 posts
#19 • 1 Y
Y by sami1618
Very tricky question.
We can $choose$
This $ configuration$ satisfies
1 2 5 9
1 2 6 10
1 3 7 11
1 3 5 12
1 4 6 13
1 4 7 8
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sami1618
874 posts
#20
Y by
What a great problem!

Label the students with the numbers the letters $A$ through $M$.

Motivation:

Notice that the following 'pyramid' structure is very natural to consider. If the tests were chosen in numerical order, then $A$ would be admitted first, in the second test $B$ would be admitted as $A$ has already been chosen, and so on until $F$ is admitted.
\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}r}
Test & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5& 6 \\
\hline
1st& A & A& A & A& A& A\\
2nd& {} & B & B & B & B& B \\
3rd & {} & {} & C & C & C & C \\
4th & {} & {} & {} & D & D & D \\
5th & {} & {} & {} & {} & E & E \\
6th & {} & {} & {} & {} & {} & F\\
\end{tabular}This is not necessary but it is sufficient in that every student that appears at the bottom of a pyramid (size $1$ to $6$) in some permutation can be possibly chosen. This idea leads naturally to the following construction.

Construction:

\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}r}
Test & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5& 6 \\
\hline
1st& A & A& A & A& A& A\\
2nd& B & B & B & B & B& B \\
3rd & C & C & C & C & C & C \\
4th & G & G & G & D & D & D \\
5th & H & H & H & E & E & E \\
6th & I & J & K & L & M & F\\
\end{tabular}
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by sami1618, Sep 19, 2024, 11:56 AM
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kotmhn
56 posts
#21
Y by
Great problem!
(i love these yes no problems, specially this kind)
Constriction:
\begin{tabular}{l*{5}{c}r}
Test & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5& 6 \\
\hline
1st& A & A& A & A& A& A\\
2nd& B & B & B & B & B& B \\
3rd & C & C & C & C & C & C \\
4th & D & D & D & D & D & D \\
5th & E & E & F & F & G & G \\
6th & M & L & K & J & I & H\\
\end{tabular}It is not difficult to verify how this works.

motivation
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by kotmhn, Nov 6, 2024, 6:03 PM
Reason: .
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Likeminded2017
391 posts
#22
Y by
Yes, consider
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
\hline
A & A & A & A & A & A \\
\hline
B & B & B & B & B & B \\
\hline
C & C & C & C & C & C \\
\hline
D & D & D & D & D & D \\
\hline
E & E & F & F & G & G \\
\hline
H & I & J & K & L & M \\
\hline
\end{array}\]
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ezpotd
1247 posts
#23
Y by
1 2 3 4 5 6
AAAAAA
BBBBBB
CCCCCC
DDDDDD
EEFFGG
HIJKLM

me when i try to do problems that look hard and end up being 2 minute constructs
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N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a