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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
2 variable functional equation in integers
Supercali   2
N 9 minutes ago by jasperE3
Source: IITB Mathathon 2022 Round 2 P5
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{Z} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ satisfying
$$f(x+f(xy))=f(x)+xf(y)$$for all integers $x,y$.
2 replies
Supercali
Dec 20, 2022
jasperE3
9 minutes ago
H not needed
dchenmathcounts   47
N 11 minutes ago by AshAuktober
Source: USEMO 2019/1
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. A circle centered at $O$ passes through $B$ and $D$ and meets lines $BA$ and $BC$ again at points $E$ and $F$ (distinct from $A,B,C$). Let $H$ denote the orthocenter of triangle $DEF.$ Prove that if lines $AC,$ $DO,$ $EF$ are concurrent, then triangle $ABC$ and $EHF$ are similar.

Robin Son
47 replies
dchenmathcounts
May 23, 2020
AshAuktober
11 minutes ago
Counting graph theory
MathSaiyan   1
N 15 minutes ago by biomathematics
Source: PErA 2025/6
Let $m$ and $n$ be positive integers. For a connected simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, we consider the number $N(G)$ of orientations of (all of) its edges so that, in the resulting directed graph, every vertex has even outdegree.
Show that $N(G)$ only depends on $m$ and $n$, and determine its value.
1 reply
1 viewing
MathSaiyan
Mar 17, 2025
biomathematics
15 minutes ago
hard problem
Cobedangiu   14
N an hour ago by IceyCold
Let $a,b,c>0$ and $a+b+c=3$. Prove that:
$\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a} \le \dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3$
14 replies
Cobedangiu
Apr 21, 2025
IceyCold
an hour ago
No more topics!
Something nice
KhuongTrang   26
N Apr 27, 2025 by KhuongTrang
Source: own
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
26 replies
KhuongTrang
Nov 1, 2023
KhuongTrang
Apr 27, 2025
Something nice
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: own
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Nov 19, 2023, 11:59 PM
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mihaig
7348 posts
#2
Y by
Beauty. But difficult
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#19 • 3 Y
Y by MihaiT, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Non sense post.
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#31 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Something not relevant
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arqady
30218 posts
#32 • 1 Y
Y by teomihai
KhuongTrang wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$a\sqrt{bc+1}+b\sqrt{ca+1}+c\sqrt{ab+1}\ge 2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
Because $$\sum_{cyc}a\sqrt{bc+1}=\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2bc+a^2+2ab\sqrt{(bc+1)(ac+1)}}\geq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2+2ab)}=a+b+c\geq2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by arqady, Nov 19, 2023, 6:25 AM
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#34 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Something not relevant
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sqing
41890 posts
#35
Y by
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{a+b+abc}+\sqrt{b+c+abc}+\sqrt{c+a+abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#43 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Something not relevant
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#59 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+bc}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+ca}{b+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{c+1}}\le 1+\sqrt{2}. }$$
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mudok
3377 posts
#60 • 1 Y
Y by arqady
arqady wrote:
KhuongTrang wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$a\sqrt{bc+1}+b\sqrt{ca+1}+c\sqrt{ab+1}\ge 2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
Because $$\sum_{cyc}a\sqrt{bc+1}=\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2bc+a^2+2ab\sqrt{(bc+1)(ac+1)}}\geq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a^2+2ab)}=a+b+c\geq2\sqrt{a+b+c-1}.$$
We can directly use: $\sum a\sqrt{bc+1}\ge \sum a$ :lol:
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#65 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{15a+1} +\sqrt{15b+1} +\sqrt{15c+1}\ge 3\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{1+2(ab+bc+ca)}. }$$
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arqady
30218 posts
#66
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=2.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{15a+1} +\sqrt{15b+1} +\sqrt{15c+1}\ge 3\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{1+2(ab+bc+ca)}. }$$
Holder with $(3a+1)^3$ and $uvw$.
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#72 • 3 Y
Y by ehuseyinyigit, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+bc}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+ca}{b+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{c+1}}\le 1+\sqrt{2}. }$$

Problem. Given non-negative real numbers satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b+1}}\le 2\sqrt{a+b+c}. }$$Equality holds iff $a=b=1,c=0$ or $a=b\rightarrow 0,c\rightarrow +\infty$ and any cyclic permutations.
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arqady
30218 posts
#73
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given non-negative real numbers satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{c+b}{a+1}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b+1}}\le 2\sqrt{a+b+c}. }$$Equality holds iff $a=b=1,c=0$ or $a=b\rightarrow 0,c\rightarrow +\infty$ and any cyclic permutations.
Because $$\sum_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{c+1}}\leq\sqrt{\sum_{cyc}(a+b)\sum_{cyc}\frac{1}{c+1}}\leq2\sqrt{a+b+c}.$$:-D
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bellahuangcat
253 posts
#74
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that

$$\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+1}\le 1+2\sqrt{a+b+c+abc}.$$

what why does that look so easy and difficult at the same time lol
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ehuseyinyigit
810 posts
#75
Y by
That's the beauty of it
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bellahuangcat
253 posts
#76
Y by
ehuseyinyigit wrote:
That's the beauty of it

yeah ig
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arqady
30218 posts
#78
Y by
sqing wrote:
Given non-negative real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfying $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\sqrt{a+b+abc}+\sqrt{b+c+abc}+\sqrt{c+a+abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
The following inequality is also true.
Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be non-negative numbers such that $ab+ac+bc=1$. Prove that:
$$\sqrt{a+b+\frac{13}{14}abc}+\sqrt{b+c+\frac{13}{14}abc}+\sqrt{c+a+\frac{13}{14}abc}\ge  2+\sqrt{2}$$
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#83 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=3.$ Prove that

$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}(ab+bc+ca)+5}\ge \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}.}$$
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kiyoras_2001
678 posts
#84
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Given $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that $a+b+c=3.$ Prove that
$$\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{4}{3}(ab+bc+ca)+5}\ge \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}.}$$
After homogenizing and squaring it becomes
\[\sum a^2+8\sum ab\ge 3\sum a\sum\sqrt{ab}.\]Changing \(a\to a^2, b\to b^2, c\to c^2\) it becomes a fourth degree inequality, so is linear in \(w^3\). Thus it remains to check only the cases \(c=0\) and \(b=c=1\) which is easy.
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#92 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $ab+bc+ca>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Mar 28, 2025, 1:21 AM
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jokehim
1028 posts
#93
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $a+b+c>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$

Assume that $a+b+c=1$ and set $M=a^2b+b^2c+c^2a,\ \ ab+bc+ca=q,\ \ abc=r.$ The inequality becomes$$10 M^2 - 16 M q + 12 M r - 8 q^3 + 8 q^2 - 51 q r + 63 r^2 + 10 r\ge 0$$ưhere$$\Delta_M=8 (40 q^3 - 8 q^2 + 207 q r - r (297 r + 50))<0$$which ends the proofs :D
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#94 • 2 Y
Y by Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
#93 Could you please check your solution again, jokehim? I think this inequality is very hard to think of a proof in normal way.
Hope to see some ideas. Btw, it is obviously true by BW.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by KhuongTrang, Mar 29, 2025, 12:05 AM
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jokehim
1028 posts
#95
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
#93 Could you please check your solution again, jokehim? I think this inequality is very hard to think of a proof in normal way.
Hope to see some ideas. Btw, it is obviously true by BW.
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be positive real variables with $a+b+c+2\sqrt{abc}=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{\sqrt{a+ab+b}}{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c}}+\frac{\sqrt{b+bc+c}}{\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{c+ca+a}}{\sqrt{ca}+\sqrt{b}}\ge 3.$$Equality holds iff $a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}.$

I don't see what's wrong with my solution :|
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Nguyenhuyen_AG
3317 posts
#96
Y by
KhuongTrang wrote:
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real variables with $a+b+c>0.$ Prove that$$\color{black}{\frac{a^2+2ab}{4ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^2+2bc}{4bc+ca+ab}+\frac{c^2+2ca}{4ca+ab+bc}\ge \frac{3}{2}. }$$Equality holds iff $(a,b,c)\sim(t,t,t)$ or $(a,b,c)\sim\left(t,0,2t\right)$ where $t>0.$
We have the following estimate
\[\frac{12a(a+2b)}{4ab+bc+ca} \geqslant \frac{32a^3+3(33b+56c)a^2+3(26b^2+102bc+13c^2)a-4(4b+c)(b-2c)^2}{11[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]+51abc}.\]
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#109 • 3 Y
Y by arqady, Zuyong, NguyenVanHoa29
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be three non-negative real numbers with $ab+bc+ca=1.$ Prove that$$\frac{\sqrt{b+c}}{a+\sqrt{bc+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{c+a}}{b+\sqrt{ca+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b}}{c+\sqrt{ab+1}}\ge \sqrt{2(a+b+c)}.$$When does equality hold?
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KhuongTrang
729 posts
#112
Y by
Problem. Let $a,b,c$ be three non-negative real numbers with $ab+bc+ca+abc=4.$ Prove that$$\frac{a}{bc+2}+\frac{b}{ca+2}+\frac{c}{ab+2}\ge ab+bc+ca-2.$$When does equality hold?
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