Difference between revisions of "2017 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 17"
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<math>\textbf{(A)}\ 1024\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1524\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 1533\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1536\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2048</math> | <math>\textbf{(A)}\ 1024\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1524\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 1533\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1536\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2048</math> | ||
− | ==Solution== | + | ==Solution 1== |
Case 1: monotonous numbers with digits in ascending order | Case 1: monotonous numbers with digits in ascending order | ||
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Since the 1-digit numbers 1 to 9 satisfy both case 1 and case 2, we have overcounted by 9. Thus there are <math>511+1022-9=\boxed{\textbf{B} \ 1524}</math> monotonous numbers. | Since the 1-digit numbers 1 to 9 satisfy both case 1 and case 2, we have overcounted by 9. Thus there are <math>511+1022-9=\boxed{\textbf{B} \ 1524}</math> monotonous numbers. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Solution 2== | ||
+ | Like Solution 1, divide the problem into an increasing and decreasing case: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\bullet</math> Case 1: Monotonous numbers with digits in ascending order. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Arrange the digits 1 through 9 in increasing order, and exclude 0 because a positive integer cannot begin with 0. | ||
+ | |||
+ | To get a monotonous number, we can either include or exclude each of the remaining 9 digits, and there are <math>2^9 = 512</math> ways to do this. However, we cannot exclude every digit at once, so we subtract 1 to get <math>512-1=511</math> monotonous numbers for this case. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <math>\bullet</math> Case 2: Monotonous numbers with digits in descending order. | ||
+ | |||
+ | This time, we arrange all 10 digits in decreasing order and repeat the process to find <math>2^{10} = 1024</math> ways to include or exclude each digit. We cannot exclude every digit at once, and we cannot include only 0, so we subtract 2 to get <math>1024-2=1022</math> monotonous numbers for this case. | ||
+ | |||
+ | At this point, we have counted all of the single-digit monotonous numbers twice, so we must subtract 9 from our total. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Thus our final answer is <math>511+1022-9 = \boxed{\textbf{(B)} 1524}</math>. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{AMC10 box|year=2017|ab=B|num-b=16|num-a=18}} | {{AMC10 box|year=2017|ab=B|num-b=16|num-a=18}} | ||
{{MAA Notice}} | {{MAA Notice}} |
Revision as of 12:58, 17 February 2017
- The following problem is from both the 2017 AMC 12B #11 and 2017 AMC 10B #17, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
Call a positive integer if it is a one-digit number or its digits, when read from left to right, form either a strictly increasing or a strictly decreasing sequence. For example,
,
, and
are monotonous, but
,
, and
are not. How many monotonous positive integers are there?
Solution 1
Case 1: monotonous numbers with digits in ascending order
There are ways to choose n digits from the digits 1 to 9. For each of these ways, we can generate exactly one monotonous number by ordering the chosen digits in ascending order. Note that 0 is not included since it will always be a leading digit and that is not allowed. The sum is equivalent to
Case 2: monotonous numbers with digits in descending order
There are ways to choose n digits from the digits 0 to 9. For each of these ways, we can generate exactly one monotonous number by ordering the chosen digits in descending order. Note that 0 is included since we are allowed to end numbers with zeros. The sum is equivalent to
We discard the number 0 since it is not positive. Thus there are
here.
Since the 1-digit numbers 1 to 9 satisfy both case 1 and case 2, we have overcounted by 9. Thus there are monotonous numbers.
Solution 2
Like Solution 1, divide the problem into an increasing and decreasing case:
Case 1: Monotonous numbers with digits in ascending order.
Arrange the digits 1 through 9 in increasing order, and exclude 0 because a positive integer cannot begin with 0.
To get a monotonous number, we can either include or exclude each of the remaining 9 digits, and there are ways to do this. However, we cannot exclude every digit at once, so we subtract 1 to get
monotonous numbers for this case.
Case 2: Monotonous numbers with digits in descending order.
This time, we arrange all 10 digits in decreasing order and repeat the process to find ways to include or exclude each digit. We cannot exclude every digit at once, and we cannot include only 0, so we subtract 2 to get
monotonous numbers for this case.
At this point, we have counted all of the single-digit monotonous numbers twice, so we must subtract 9 from our total.
Thus our final answer is .
See Also
2017 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 16 |
Followed by Problem 18 | |
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.