2017 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 19

Problem

Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle. Extend side $\overline{AB}$ beyond $B$ to a point $B'$ so that $BB'=3AB$ . Similarly, extend side $\overline{BC}$ beyond $C$ to a point $C'$ so that $CC'=3BC$ , and extend side $\overline{CA}$ beyond $A$ to a point $A'$ so that $AA'=3CA$ . What is the ratio of the area of $\triangle A'B'C'$ to the area of $\triangle ABC$ ?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 9:1\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 16:1\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 25:1\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 36:1\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 37:1$

Solution

Solution 1

Note that by symmetry, $\triangle A'B'C'$ is also equilateral. Therefore, we only need to find one of the sides of $A'B'C'$ to determine the area ratio. WLOG, let $AB = BC = CA = 1$ . Therefore, $BB' = 3$ and $BC' = 4$ . Also, $\angle B'BC' = 120^{\circ}$ , so by the Law of Cosines, $B'C' = \sqrt{37}$ . Therefore, the answer is $(\sqrt{37})^2 : 1^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$

Solution 2

As mentioned in the first solution, $\triangle A'B'C'$ is equilateral. WLOG, let $AB=2$ . Let $D$ be on the line passing through $AB$ such that $A'D$ is perpendicular to $AB$ . Note that $\triangle A'DA$ is a 30-60-90 with right angle at $D$ . Since $AA'=6$ , $AD=3$ and $A'D=3\sqrt{3}$ . So we know that $DB'=11$ . Note that $\triangle A'DB'$ is a right triangle with right angle at $D$ . So by the Pythagorean theorem, we find $A'B'= \sqrt{(3\sqrt{3})^2 + 11^2} = 2\sqrt{37}.$ Therefore, the answer is $(2\sqrt{37})^2 : 2^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$ .

Solution 3

Let $AB=BC=CA=x$ . We start by noting that we can just write $AB'$ as just $AB+BB'=4AB$ . Similarly $BC'=4BC$ , and $CA'=4CA$ . We can evaluate the area of triangle $ABC$ by simply using Heron's formula, $[ABC]=\sqrt{\frac{3x}{2}\cdot {\Bigg(\frac{3x}{2}-x\Bigg)}^3}=\frac{x^2\sqrt{3}}{4}$ . Next in order to evaluate $A'B'C'$ we need to evaluate the area of the larger triangles $AA'B',BB'C', \text{ and } CC'A'$ . In this solution we shall just compute $1$ of these as the others are trivially equivalent. In order to compute the area of $\Delta{AA'B'}$ we can use the formula $[XYZ]=\frac{1}{2}xy\cdot\sin{z}$ . Since $ABC$ is equilateral and $A$ , $B$ , $B'$ are collinear, we already know $\angle{A'AB'}=180-60=120$ Similarly from above we know $AB'$ and $A'A$ to be $4x$ , and $3x$ respectively. Thus the area of $\Delta{AA'B'}$ is $\frac{1}{2}\cdot 4x\cdot 3x \cdot \sin{120}=3x^2\cdot\sqrt{3}$ . Likewise we can find $BB'C', \text{ and } CC'A'$ to also be $3x^2\cdot\sqrt{3}$ . $[A'B'C']=[AA'B']+[BB'C']+[CC'A']+[ABC]=3\cdot3x^2\cdot\sqrt{3}+\frac{x^2\sqrt{3}}{4}=\sqrt{3}\cdot\Bigg(9x^2+\frac{x^2}{4}\Bigg)$ . Therefore the ratio of $[A'B'C']$ to $[ABC]$ is $\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\Bigg(9x^2+\frac{x^2}{4}\Bigg)}{\frac{x^2\sqrt{3}}{4}}=\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$

Solution 4 (Elimination)

Looking at the answer choices, we see that all but ${\textbf{(E)}}$ has a perfect square in the ratio. With some intuition, we can guess that the sidelength of the new triangle formed is not an integer, thus we pick $\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$ .

Solution by sp1729

Solution 5 (Barycentric Coordinates)

We use barycentric coordinates wrt $\triangle ABC$

It's quite obvious that $A'=(4,0,-3), B'=(-3,4,0), C'=(0,-3,4)$

now, since the coordinates are homogenized ( $-3+4=1$ ), we can directly apply the area formula:

$[A'B'C']=[ABC]\cdot\left| \begin{array}{ccc} 4 & 0 & -3 \\ -3 & 4 & 0 \\ 0 & -3 & 4 \end{array} \right| = (64-27)[ABC]=37[ABC]$

So the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$

Solution 6 (Area Comparison)

First, comparing bases yields that $[BA'B']=3[AA'B]=9[ABC]\implies [AA'B']=12$

by congruent triangles, $[AA'B']=[BB'C']=[CC'A']\implies [A'B'C']=(12+12+12+1)[ABC]$

this yields that $[A'B'C']:[ABC]=\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 37 : 1}$

Solutions 5 and 6 by Blast_S1

Solution 7: Easiest Solution using Scaling

Since equilateral triangles and $120^\circ-x^\circ-(60-x)^\circ$ triangles have the same form for area formulas (and the answer to this problem is simply found by adding $\text{(former+3*latter)/former}$ ), a lot can cancel out when considering the ratio. Suppose a net factor of $f$ is common to the two formulas. Now scale the diagram so that $f=1$ . The area of $\Delta ABC$ is simply then of the form $k*k=k^2$ , whereas the area of $\Delta A'AB'$ , etc... is of the form $3k*4k=12k^2$ . We can now scale down by another factor of $k^2$ to get $1$ and $12$ , respectively. Therefore, the overall area of A'B'C' is $12*3+1=37$ , and the area of ABC is simply $1$ , which gives us $\boxed{37,E}$ .

2017 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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