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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Peer-to-Peer Programs Forum
jwelsh   157
N Dec 11, 2023 by cw357
Many of our AoPS Community members share their knowledge with their peers in a variety of ways, ranging from creating mock contests to creating real contests to writing handouts to hosting sessions as part of our partnership with schoolhouse.world.

To facilitate students in these efforts, we have created a new Peer-to-Peer Programs forum. With the creation of this forum, we are starting a new process for those of you who want to advertise your efforts. These advertisements and ensuing discussions have been cluttering up some of the forums that were meant for other purposes, so we’re gathering these topics in one place. This also allows students to find new peer-to-peer learning opportunities without having to poke around all the other forums.

To announce your program, or to invite others to work with you on it, here’s what to do:

1) Post a new topic in the Peer-to-Peer Programs forum. This will be the discussion thread for your program.

2) Post a single brief post in this thread that links the discussion thread of your program in the Peer-to-Peer Programs forum.

Please note that we’ll move or delete any future advertisement posts that are outside the Peer-to-Peer Programs forum, as well as any posts in this topic that are not brief announcements of new opportunities. In particular, this topic should not be used to discuss specific programs; those discussions should occur in topics in the Peer-to-Peer Programs forum.

Your post in this thread should have what you're sharing (class, session, tutoring, handout, math or coding game/other program) and a link to the thread in the Peer-to-Peer Programs forum, which should have more information (like where to find what you're sharing).
157 replies
jwelsh
Mar 15, 2021
cw357
Dec 11, 2023
k i C&P posting recs by mods
v_Enhance   0
Jun 12, 2020
The purpose of this post is to lay out a few suggestions about what kind of posts work well for the C&P forum. Except in a few cases these are mostly meant to be "suggestions based on historical trends" rather than firm hard rules; we may eventually replace this with an actual list of firm rules but that requires admin approval :) That said, if you post something in the "discouraged" category, you should not be totally surprised if it gets locked; they are discouraged exactly because past experience shows they tend to go badly.
-----------------------------
1. Program discussion: Allowed
If you have questions about specific camps or programs (e.g. which classes are good at X camp?), these questions fit well here. Many camps/programs have specific sub-forums too but we understand a lot of them are not active.
-----------------------------
2. Results discussion: Allowed
You can make threads about e.g. how you did on contests (including AMC), though on AMC day when there is a lot of discussion. Moderators and administrators may do a lot of thread-merging / forum-wrangling to keep things in one place.
-----------------------------
3. Reposting solutions or questions to past AMC/AIME/USAMO problems: Allowed
This forum contains a post for nearly every problem from AMC8, AMC10, AMC12, AIME, USAJMO, USAMO (and these links give you an index of all these posts). It is always permitted to post a full solution to any problem in its own thread (linked above), regardless of how old the problem is, and even if this solution is similar to one that has already been posted. We encourage this type of posting because it is helpful for the user to explain their solution in full to an audience, and for future users who want to see multiple approaches to a problem or even just the frequency distribution of common approaches. We do ask for some explanation; if you just post "the answer is (B); ez" then you are not adding anything useful.

You are also encouraged to post questions about a specific problem in the specific thread for that problem, or about previous user's solutions. It's almost always better to use the existing thread than to start a new one, to keep all the discussion in one place easily searchable for future visitors.
-----------------------------
4. Advice posts: Allowed, but read below first
You can use this forum to ask for advice about how to prepare for math competitions in general. But you should be aware that this question has been asked many many times. Before making a post, you are encouraged to look at the following:
[list]
[*] Stop looking for the right training: A generic post about advice that keeps getting stickied :)
[*] There is an enormous list of links on the Wiki of books / problems / etc for all levels.
[/list]
When you do post, we really encourage you to be as specific as possible in your question. Tell us about your background, what you've tried already, etc.

Actually, the absolute best way to get a helpful response is to take a few examples of problems that you tried to solve but couldn't, and explain what you tried on them / why you couldn't solve them. Here is a great example of a specific question.
-----------------------------
5. Publicity: use P2P forum instead
See https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2489297_peertopeer_programs_forum.
Some exceptions have been allowed in the past, but these require approval from administrators. (I am not totally sure what the criteria is. I am not an administrator.)
-----------------------------
6. Mock contests: use Mock Contests forum instead
Mock contests should be posted in the dedicated forum instead:
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c594864_aops_mock_contests
-----------------------------
7. AMC procedural questions: suggest to contact the AMC HQ instead
If you have a question like "how do I submit a change of venue form for the AIME" or "why is my name not on the qualifiers list even though I have a 300 index", you would be better off calling or emailing the AMC program to ask, they are the ones who can help you :)
-----------------------------
8. Discussion of random math problems: suggest to use MSM/HSM/HSO instead
If you are discussing a specific math problem that isn't from the AMC/AIME/USAMO, it's better to post these in Middle School Math, High School Math, High School Olympiads instead.
-----------------------------
9. Politics: suggest to use Round Table instead
There are important conversations to be had about things like gender diversity in math contests, etc., for sure. However, from experience we think that C&P is historically not a good place to have these conversations, as they go off the rails very quickly. We encourage you to use the Round Table instead, where it is much more clear that all posts need to be serious.
-----------------------------
10. MAA complaints: discouraged
We don't want to pretend that the MAA is perfect or that we agree with everything they do. However, we chose to discourage this sort of behavior because in practice most of the comments we see are not useful and some are frankly offensive.
[list] [*] If you just want to blow off steam, do it on your blog instead.
[*] When you have criticism, it should be reasoned, well-thought and constructive. What we mean by this is, for example, when the AOIME was announced, there was great outrage about potential cheating. Well, do you really think that this is something the organizers didn't think about too? Simply posting that "people will cheat and steal my USAMOO qualification, the MAA are idiots!" is not helpful as it is not bringing any new information to the table.
[*] Even if you do have reasoned, well-thought, constructive criticism, we think it is actually better to email it the MAA instead, rather than post it here. Experience shows that even polite, well-meaning suggestions posted in C&P are often derailed by less mature users who insist on complaining about everything.
[/list]
-----------------------------
11. Memes and joke posts: discouraged
It's fine to make jokes or lighthearted posts every so often. But it should be done with discretion. Ideally, jokes should be done within a longer post that has other content. For example, in my response to one user's question about olympiad combinatorics, I used a silly picture of Sogiita Gunha, but it was done within a context of a much longer post where it was meant to actually make a point.

On the other hand, there are many threads which consist largely of posts whose only content is an attached meme with the word "MAA" in it. When done in excess like this, the jokes reflect poorly on the community, so we explicitly discourage them.
-----------------------------
12. Questions that no one can answer: discouraged
Examples of this: "will MIT ask for AOIME scores?", "what will the AIME 2021 cutoffs be (asked in 2020)", etc. Basically, if you ask a question on this forum, it's better if the question is something that a user can plausibly answer :)
-----------------------------
13. Blind speculation: discouraged
Along these lines, if you do see a question that you don't have an answer to, we discourage "blindly guessing" as it leads to spreading of baseless rumors. For example, if you see some user posting "why are there fewer qualifiers than usual this year?", you should not reply "the MAA must have been worried about online cheating so they took fewer people!!". Was sich überhaupt sagen lässt, lässt sich klar sagen; und wovon man nicht reden kann, darüber muss man schweigen.
-----------------------------
14. Discussion of cheating: strongly discouraged
If you have evidence or reasonable suspicion of cheating, please report this to your Competition Manager or to the AMC HQ; these forums cannot help you.
Otherwise, please avoid public discussion of cheating. That is: no discussion of methods of cheating, no speculation about how cheating affects cutoffs, and so on --- it is not helpful to anyone, and it creates a sour atmosphere. A longer explanation is given in Seriously, please stop discussing how to cheat.
-----------------------------
15. Cutoff jokes: never allowed
Whenever the cutoffs for any major contest are released, it is very obvious when they are official. In the past, this has been achieved by the numbers being posted on the official AMC website (here) or through a post from the AMCDirector account.

You must never post fake cutoffs, even as a joke. You should also refrain from posting cutoffs that you've heard of via email, etc., because it is better to wait for the obvious official announcement. A longer explanation is given in A Treatise on Cutoff Trolling.
-----------------------------
16. Meanness: never allowed
Being mean is worse than being immature and unproductive. If another user does something which you think is inappropriate, use the Report button to bring the post to moderator attention, or if you really must reply, do so in a way that is tactful and constructive rather than inflammatory.
-----------------------------

Finally, we remind you all to sit back and enjoy the problems. :D

-----------------------------
(EDIT 2024-09-13: AoPS has asked to me to add the following item.)

Advertising paid program or service: never allowed

Per the AoPS Terms of Service (rule 5h), general advertisements are not allowed.

While we do allow advertisements of official contests (at the MAA and MATHCOUNTS level) and those run by college students with at least one successful year, any and all advertisements of a paid service or program is not allowed and will be deleted.
0 replies
v_Enhance
Jun 12, 2020
0 replies
k i Stop looking for the "right" training
v_Enhance   50
N Oct 16, 2017 by blawho12
Source: Contest advice
EDIT 2019-02-01: https://blog.evanchen.cc/2019/01/31/math-contest-platitudes-v3/ is the updated version of this.

EDIT 2021-06-09: see also https://web.evanchen.cc/faq-contest.html.

Original 2013 post
50 replies
v_Enhance
Feb 15, 2013
blawho12
Oct 16, 2017
Circumcircle excircle chaos
CyclicISLscelesTrapezoid   25
N 18 minutes ago by bin_sherlo
Source: ISL 2021 G8
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\omega$ and let $\Omega_A$ be the $A$-excircle. Let $X$ and $Y$ be the intersection points of $\omega$ and $\Omega_A$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be the projections of $A$ onto the tangent lines to $\Omega_A$ at $X$ and $Y$ respectively. The tangent line at $P$ to the circumcircle of the triangle $APX$ intersects the tangent line at $Q$ to the circumcircle of the triangle $AQY$ at a point $R$. Prove that $\overline{AR} \perp \overline{BC}$.
25 replies
1 viewing
CyclicISLscelesTrapezoid
Jul 12, 2022
bin_sherlo
18 minutes ago
hard problem
Cobedangiu   7
N 24 minutes ago by arqady
Let $x,y,z>0$ and $xy+yz+zx=3$ : Prove that :
$\sum  \ \frac{x}{y+z}\ge\sum  \frac{1}{\sqrt{x+3}}$
7 replies
Cobedangiu
Apr 2, 2025
arqady
24 minutes ago
Combo problem
soryn   2
N 39 minutes ago by Anulick
The school A has m1 boys and m2 girls, and ,the school B has n1 boys and n2 girls. Each school is represented by one team formed by p students,boys and girls. If f(k) is the number of cases for which,the twice schools has,togheter k girls, fund f(k) and the valute of k, for which f(k) is maximum.
2 replies
soryn
Today at 6:33 AM
Anulick
39 minutes ago
Calculate the distance of chess king!!
egxa   4
N an hour ago by Primeniyazidayi
Source: All Russian 2025 9.4
A chess king was placed on a square of an \(8 \times 8\) board and made $64$ moves so that it visited all squares and returned to the starting square. At every moment, the distance from the center of the square the king was on to the center of the board was calculated. A move is called $\emph{pleasant}$ if this distance becomes smaller after the move. Find the maximum possible number of pleasant moves. (The chess king moves to a square adjacent either by side or by corner.)
4 replies
egxa
Apr 18, 2025
Primeniyazidayi
an hour ago
How many people get waitlisted st promys?
dragoon   25
N an hour ago by dragoon
Asking for a friend here
25 replies
dragoon
Apr 18, 2025
dragoon
an hour ago
Subset coloring
v_Enhance   73
N an hour ago by Maximilian113
Source: USAMO 2015 Problem 3
Let $S = \left\{ 1,2,\dots,n \right\}$, where $n \ge 1$. Each of the $2^n$ subsets of $S$ is to be colored red or blue. (The subset itself is assigned a color and not its individual elements.) For any set $T \subseteq S$, we then write $f(T)$ for the number of subsets of $T$ that are blue.

Determine the number of colorings that satisfy the following condition: for any subsets $T_1$ and $T_2$ of $S$, \[ f(T_1)f(T_2) = f(T_1 \cup T_2)f(T_1 \cap T_2). \]
73 replies
v_Enhance
Apr 28, 2015
Maximilian113
an hour ago
2v2 (bob lost the game)
GoodMorning   84
N an hour ago by Bardia7003
Source: 2023 USAJMO Problem 5/USAMO Problem 4
A positive integer $a$ is selected, and some positive integers are written on a board. Alice and Bob play the following game. On Alice's turn, she must replace some integer $n$ on the board with $n+a$, and on Bob's turn he must replace some even integer $n$ on the board with $n/2$. Alice goes first and they alternate turns. If on his turn Bob has no valid moves, the game ends.

After analyzing the integers on the board, Bob realizes that, regardless of what moves Alice makes, he will be able to force the game to end eventually. Show that, in fact, for this value of $a$ and these integers on the board, the game is guaranteed to end regardless of Alice's or Bob's moves.
84 replies
GoodMorning
Mar 23, 2023
Bardia7003
an hour ago
MOP Emails
hellohannah   128
N 2 hours ago by elasticwealth
So mop emails are probably coming tomorrow, feel free to discuss here. I'll probably post when I hear that they're out unless I'm asleep
128 replies
+3 w
hellohannah
Yesterday at 4:59 AM
elasticwealth
2 hours ago
2010 USAMO #5 - Egyptian Fractions and Odd Primes
kitsune   43
N 2 hours ago by lpieleanu
Let $q = \frac{3p-5}{2}$ where $p$ is an odd prime, and let\[
S_q = \frac{1}{2\cdot 3 \cdot 4} + \frac{1}{5\cdot 6 \cdot 7} + \cdots + \frac{1}{q(q+1)(q+2)}
\]Prove that if $\frac{1}{p}-2S_q = \frac{m}{n}$ for integers $m$ and $n$, then $m - n$ is divisible by $p$.
43 replies
kitsune
Apr 29, 2010
lpieleanu
2 hours ago
Discuss the Stanford Math Tournament Here
Aaronjudgeisgoat   295
N 3 hours ago by vincentwant
I believe discussion is allowed after yesterday at midnight, correct?
If so, I will put tentative answers on this thread.
By the way, does anyone know the answer to Geometry Problem 5? I was wondering if I got that one right
Also, if you put answers, please put it in a hide tag

Answers for the Algebra Subject Test
Estimated Algebra Cutoffs
Answers for the Geometry Subject Test
Estimated Geo Cutoffs
Answers for the Discrete Subject Test
Estimated Cutoffs for Discrete
Answers for the Team Round
Guts Answers
295 replies
+1 w
Aaronjudgeisgoat
Apr 14, 2025
vincentwant
3 hours ago
p^k divides term of sequence
KevinYang2.71   34
N 4 hours ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: USAJMO 2024/3
Let $a(n)$ be the sequence defined by $a(1)=2$ and $a(n+1)=(a(n))^{n+1}-1$ for each integer $n\geq 1$. Suppose that $p>2$ is a prime and $k$ is a positive integer. Prove that some term of the sequence $a(n)$ is divisible by $p^k$.

Proposed by John Berman
34 replies
KevinYang2.71
Mar 20, 2024
cursed_tangent1434
4 hours ago
[$10K+ IN PRIZES] Poolesville Math Tournament (PVMT) 2025
qwerty123456asdfgzxcvb   9
N 6 hours ago by Stormersyle
Hi everyone!

After the resounding success of the first three years of PVMT, the Poolesville High School Math Team is excited to announce the fourth annual Poolesville High School Math Tournament (PVMT)! The PVMT team includes a MOPper and multiple USA(J)MO and AIME qualifiers!

PVMT is open to all 6th-9th graders in the country (including rising 10th graders). Students will compete in teams of up to 4 people, and each participant will take three subject tests as well as the team round. The contest is completely free, and will be held virtually on June 7, 2025, from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM (EST).

Additionally, thanks to our sponsors, we will be awarding approximately $10K+ worth of prizes (including gift cards, Citadel merch, AoPS coupons, Wolfram licenses) to top teams and individuals. More details regarding the actual prizes will be released as we get closer to the competition date.

Further, newly for this year we might run some interesting mini-events, which we will announce closer to the competition date, such as potentially a puzzle hunt and integration bee!

If you would like to register for the competition, the registration form can be found at https://pvmt.org/register.html or https://tinyurl.com/PVMT25.

Additionally, more information about PVMT can be found at https://pvmt.org

If you have any questions not answered in the below FAQ, feel free to ask in this thread or email us at falconsdomath@gmail.com!

We look forward to your participation!

FAQ
9 replies
qwerty123456asdfgzxcvb
Apr 5, 2025
Stormersyle
6 hours ago
MathPath
PatTheKing806   5
N Today at 12:06 PM by eyzMath
Is anybody else going to MathPath?

I haven't gotten in. its been 3+ weeks since they said my application was done.
5 replies
PatTheKing806
Mar 24, 2025
eyzMath
Today at 12:06 PM
AMC and JMO qual question
HungryCalculator   4
N Today at 12:04 PM by eyzMath
Say that on the AMC 10, you do better on the A than the B, but you still qualify for AIME thru both. Then after your AIME, it turns out that you didn’t make JMO through the A+AIME index but you did pass the threshold for the B+AIME index.

does MAA consider your B+AIME index over the A+AIME index and consider you a JMO qualifier even tho Your A test score was higher?

4 replies
HungryCalculator
Apr 17, 2025
eyzMath
Today at 12:04 PM
50 points in plane
pohoatza   12
N Apr 6, 2025 by de-Kirschbaum
Source: JBMO 2007, Bulgaria, problem 3
Given are $50$ points in the plane, no three of them belonging to a same line. Each of these points is colored using one of four given colors. Prove that there is a color and at least $130$ scalene triangles with vertices of that color.
12 replies
pohoatza
Jun 28, 2007
de-Kirschbaum
Apr 6, 2025
50 points in plane
G H J
Source: JBMO 2007, Bulgaria, problem 3
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pohoatza
1145 posts
#1 • 13 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mathlover_1, OronSH, aidan0626, Blue_banana4, PikaPika999, and 7 other users
Given are $50$ points in the plane, no three of them belonging to a same line. Each of these points is colored using one of four given colors. Prove that there is a color and at least $130$ scalene triangles with vertices of that color.
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bodan
267 posts
#2 • 24 Y
Y by amirmath1995, Catalanfury, Nguyenhuyhoang, silouan, raven_, DepressedCubic, Adventure10, Mathlover_1, Mango247, aidan0626, Blue_banana4, Funcshun840, PikaPika999, kiyoras_2001, and 10 other users
Lemma. Among $n$ points in a plane positioned generally (no three collinear) we have at least $\frac{n(n-1)(n-8)}{6}$ scalene triangles.
Proof. Suppose that $n$ points are fixed and the number of isosceles triangles is $\alpha$. Set $\beta$ to be the number of bases of these triangles (we count three bases for each equilateral and one for each nonequilateral isosceles triangle). Clearly $\beta\geq \alpha$. Then each segment connecting a pair of points can be a base of at most two triangles, as if this is not the case three points will lie on this pairs' perpendicular bisector. Thus there are at most $2{n\choose 2}$ isosceles triangles, yielding that there are at least ${n\choose 3}-2{n\choose 2}=\frac{n(n-1)(n-8)}{6}$ scalene triangles. $\square$


In the problem there are at least $13$ points of the same color and we apply the lemma.
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reveryu
218 posts
#3 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, PikaPika999
why the fact "there are at most $2{n\choose 2}$ isosceles triangles"
does not imply "#scalene triangle + #acute triangle(except isosceles and equilateral triangle) is at least ${n\choose 3}-2{n\choose 2}=\frac{n(n-1)(n-8)}{6}$ " ??
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huashiliao2020
1292 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
bodan wrote:
Lemma. Among $n$ points in a plane positioned generally (no three collinear) we have at least $\frac{n(n-1)(n-8)}{6}$ scalene triangles.
Proof. Suppose that $n$ points are fixed and the number of isosceles triangles is $\alpha$. Set $\beta$ to be the number of bases of these triangles (we count three bases for each equilateral and one for each nonequilateral isosceles triangle). Clearly $\beta\geq \alpha$. Then each segment connecting a pair of points can be a base of at most two triangles, as if this is not the case three points will lie on this pairs' perpendicular bisector. Thus there are at most $2{n\choose 2}$ isosceles triangles, yielding that there are at least ${n\choose 3}-2{n\choose 2}=\frac{n(n-1)(n-8)}{6}$ scalene triangles. $\square$


In the problem there are at least $13$ points of the same color and we apply the lemma.


Thanks. I had almost the exact same solution, except one question. Why do you care about “ we count three bases for each equilateral and one for each nonequilateral isosceles triangle”? It seems that already 2 bases of triangles at most x n choose 2 pairs of points to form an isosceles triangle is enough.
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megarnie
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#5 • 2 Y
Y by OronSH, PikaPika999
We solve the following problem first:

Given are $13$ points in the plane, no three of them belonging to a same line. Prove that there are at least $130$ scalene triangles with vertices in the plane.

Notice that any edge between two points in the plane can be a base of at most two isosceles triangles (because otherwise we would have $3$ points on the perpendicular bisector). Hence there are at most $\binom{13}{2} \cdot 2 = 256$ isosceles triangles, so at lesat $\binom{13}{3} - 256 = 130$ scalene triangles.



This solves the original problem because there must exist a color with at least $\left\lceil \frac{50}{4} \right\rceil = 13$ points of that color.
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by megarnie, Aug 9, 2023, 9:11 PM
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asdf334
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#6 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
We prove that given 13 points in standard position, there are 130 scalene triangles. This clearly solves the original question.

Note that every base (i.e. two points) gives at most two isosceles triangles, else we have three points along the perpendicular bisector.

Therefore there are at most $\binom{13}{2}\cdot 2=156$ isosceles triangles. At the same time there are $\binom{13}{3}=286$ triangles in total, making 130 non-isosceles AKA scalene triangles. $\blacksquare$
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dolphinday
1323 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
By pigeonhole, there is a color that has at least $13$ points of the same color. This means there are $\binom{13}{3} = 286$ triangles that can be formed.
Let $I$ be the number of isosceles triangles in the $13$ points.
Then each pair of two points can contribute at most $2$ to $I$(due to the collinear condition), so $\binom{13}{2} \cdot 2 = 156$ is the maximum number of isosceles triangles. Then the minimum number of scalene triangles is $130$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by dolphinday, Dec 9, 2023, 3:09 PM
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mannshah1211
651 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
By Pigeonhole, some color has at least $13$ points of that color. So, assume there are exactly $13$ points, we'll show that we can find at least $130$ scalene triangles whose vertices all belong to those $13$. First, the total number of triangles is $\binom{13}{3} = 286$. Also, note that for each pair of points $(A, B)$, there are at most two isosceles triangles $ABC$ which have $\overline{AB}$ as a base, since in order for that to happen, $C$ must lie on the perpendicular bisector of $\overline{AB}$, but if three or more $C$ exist, this is a contradiction to the fact that no three points are collinear. So, there are at most $2 \cdot \binom{13}{2} = 156$ isosceles triangles, thus at least $130$ scalene triangles among those $13$ points (basically at least $130$ of that color), so done.
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InterLoop
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#10 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
smol
solution
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by InterLoop, May 1, 2024, 5:00 AM
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RedFireTruck
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#11 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
https://cdn.aops.com/images/b/8/2/b824a1d2347b72751984bb68d01bd220d96d5d63.png
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kotmhn
58 posts
#12 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
On each base at most 2 isosceles can lie else the collinearity condition is violated.
By PHP 13 dots of same color exist. then at most $2{13 \choose 2} = 156$ isosceles triangles and total triangles equal ${13 \choose 3}=286$ so at least $286-156=50$ triangles.
done
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by kotmhn, Aug 13, 2024, 11:14 AM
Reason: arithmetic skill issue
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ihategeo_1969
205 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
Start with a claim.

Claim: For any $x$ points in the plane (no three collinear), there are atleast \[\binom{x}{3}-2\binom{x}2\]scalene triangles formed by it.
Proof: The maximum number of isosceles triangles by choosing a fixed base is atmost $2$ or else there will be $3$ points on the perpendicular bisector of the base.$\blacksquare$.

And hence choose the colour with atleast $\left \lceil \frac{50}4 \right \rceil=13$ points and the number of scalene triangles it form are atleast \[\binom{13}3-2\binom{13}2=130\]as desired.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by ihategeo_1969, Sep 11, 2024, 8:20 AM
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de-Kirschbaum
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#14 • 1 Y
Y by PikaPika999
Note that by pigeonhole there exists a color that repeats at least $13$ times. Then, since there are no three points that are colinear, each line segment drawn in these $13$ points can be the base for at most $2$ isoceles triangles, thus there are at least $\binom{13}{3}-\binom{13}{2}2=130$ scalene triangles with same colored vertices.
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