Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 1-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!
No tags match your search
M
G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
H
k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
[list][*]May 9th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, Casework 2: Overwhelming Evidence — A Text Adventure, a game where participants will work together to navigate the map, solve puzzles, and win! All are welcome.
[*]May 19th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, What's Next After Beast Academy?, designed for students finishing Beast Academy and ready for Prealgebra 1.
[*]May 20th, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 1 Math Jam, Problems 1 to 4, join the Canada/USA Mathcamp staff for this exciting Math Jam, where they discuss solutions to Problems 1 to 4 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz!
[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Paradoxes and Infinity
Mon, Tue, Wed, & Thurs, Jul 14 - Jul 16 (meets every day of the week!)

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

AIME Problem Series A
Thursday, May 22 - Jul 31

AIME Problem Series B
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!

MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
J
H
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
J
H
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
J
H
Beautiful numbers in base b
v_Enhance   20
N 7 minutes ago by cursed_tangent1434
Source: USEMO 2023, problem 1
A positive integer $n$ is called beautiful if, for every integer $4 \le b \le 10000$, the base-$b$ representation of $n$ contains the consecutive digits $2$, $0$, $2$, $3$ (in this order, from left to right). Determine whether the set of all beautiful integers is finite.

Oleg Kryzhanovsky
20 replies
v_Enhance
Oct 21, 2023
cursed_tangent1434
7 minutes ago
J
H
Gcd(m,n) and Lcm(m,n)&F.E.
Jackson0423   0
16 minutes ago
Source: 2012 KMO Second Round

Find all functions \( f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} \) such that for all positive integers \( m, n \),
\[ f(mn) = \mathrm{lcm}(m, n) \cdot \gcd(f(m), f(n)), \]where \( \mathrm{lcm}(m, n) \) and \( \gcd(m, n) \) denote the least common multiple and the greatest common divisor of \( m \) and \( n \), respectively.
0 replies
Jackson0423
16 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
3 variable FE with divisibility condition
pithon_with_an_i   0
18 minutes ago
Source: Revenge JOM 2025 Problem 1, Revenge JOMSL 2025 N2, Own
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ such that $$f(a)+f(b)+f(c) \mid a^2 + af(b) + cf(a)$$for all $a,b,c \in \mathbb{N}$.
0 replies
pithon_with_an_i
18 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
c^a + a = 2^b
Havu   1
N 20 minutes ago by Havu
Find $a, b, c\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ such that $a,b,c$ coprime, $a + b = 2c$ and $c^a + a = 2^b$.
1 reply
+1 w
Havu
May 10, 2025
Havu
20 minutes ago
J
H
f(f(n))=2n+2
Jackson0423   0
22 minutes ago
Source: 2013 KMO Second Round

Let \( f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} \) be a function satisfying the following conditions for all \( n \in \mathbb{N} \):
\[ \begin{cases} f(n+1) > f(n) \\ f(f(n)) = 2n + 2 \end{cases} \]Find the value of \( f(2013) \).
0 replies
Jackson0423
22 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
Tangents involving a centroid with an isosceles triangle result
pithon_with_an_i   0
22 minutes ago
Source: Revenge JOM 2025 Problem 5, Revenge JOMSL 2025 G5, Own
A triangle $ABC$ has centroid $G$. A line parallel to $BC$ passing through $G$ intersects the circumcircle of $ABC$ at a point $D$. Let lines $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at $E$. Suppose a point $P$ is chosen on $BC$ such that the tangent of the circumcircle of $DEP$ at $D$, the tangent of the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $A$ and $BC$ concur. Prove that $GP = PD$.

Remark 1
Remark 2
0 replies
pithon_with_an_i
22 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
Thailand MO 2025 P2
Kaimiaku   2
N 27 minutes ago by carefully
A school sent students to compete in an academic olympiad in $11$ differents subjects, each consist of $5$ students. Given that for any $2$ different subjects, there exists a student compete in both subjects. Prove that there exists a student who compete in at least $4$ different subjects.
2 replies
Kaimiaku
Today at 7:38 AM
carefully
27 minutes ago
J
H
Aime 2005a #15
4everwise   22
N 29 minutes ago by Ilikeminecraft
Source: Aime 2005a #15
Triangle $ABC$ has $BC=20$. The incircle of the triangle evenly trisects the median $AD$. If the area of the triangle is $m \sqrt{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are integers and $n$ is not divisible by the square of a prime, find $m+n$.
22 replies
4everwise
Nov 10, 2005
Ilikeminecraft
29 minutes ago
J
H
Problem 2 (First Day)
Valentin Vornicu   84
N 44 minutes ago by cj13609517288
Find all polynomials $f$ with real coefficients such that for all reals $a,b,c$ such that $ab+bc+ca = 0$ we have the following relations

\[ f(a-b) + f(b-c) + f(c-a) = 2f(a+b+c). \]
84 replies
Valentin Vornicu
Jul 12, 2004
cj13609517288
44 minutes ago
J
H
Maximum number of divisor in Binom Coeff.
nataliaonline75   0
an hour ago
Let $k \geq 2$, determine the maximal number of divisors from $n \choose k $ may have in the range $n-k+ 1,...,n$ , as $n$ runs through integers $\geq k$.
0 replies
nataliaonline75
an hour ago
0 replies
J
H
Nice geometry...
Sadigly   1
N an hour ago by aaravdodhia
Source: Azerbaijan Senior NMO 2020
Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle, and let $I$ be its incenter. A point $D$ is chosen on line $BC$, such that the circumcircle of triangle $BID$ intersects $AB$ at $E\neq B$, and the circumcircle of triangle $CID$ intersects $AC$ at $F\neq C$. Circumcircle of triangle $EDF$ intersects $AB$ and $AC$ at $M$ and $N$, respectively. Lines $FD$ and $IC$ intersect at $Q$, and lines $ED$ and $BI$ intersect at $P$. Prove that $EN\parallel MF\parallel PQ$.
1 reply
Sadigly
Sunday at 10:17 PM
aaravdodhia
an hour ago
J
H
Inspired by lbh_qys.
sqing   5
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0 $ . Prove that
$$ \frac{a}{a^2+a +b+1}+ \frac{b}{b^2+a +b+1} \leq \frac{1}{2} $$$$ \frac{a}{a^2+ab+a+b+1}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ab+a+b+1} \leq \sqrt 2-1 $$$$\frac{a}{a^2+ab+a+1}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ab+b+1} \leq \frac{2(2\sqrt 2-1)}{7} $$$$\frac{a}{a^2+ab+b+1}+ \frac{b}{b^2+ab+a+1} \leq \frac{2(2\sqrt 2-1)}{7} $$
5 replies
sqing
Today at 3:45 AM
sqing
an hour ago
J
H
AM=CN in Russia
mathuz   25
N an hour ago by Ilikeminecraft
Source: AllRussian-2014, Grade 11, day1, P4
Given a triangle $ABC$ with $AB>BC$, $ \Omega $ is circumcircle. Let $M$, $N$ are lie on the sides $AB$, $BC$ respectively, such that $AM=CN$. $K(.)=MN\cap AC$ and $P$ is incenter of the triangle $AMK$, $Q$ is K-excenter of the triangle $CNK$ (opposite to $K$ and tangents to $CN$). If $R$ is midpoint of the arc $ABC$ of $ \Omega $ then prove that $RP=RQ$.

M. Kungodjin
25 replies
mathuz
Apr 29, 2014
Ilikeminecraft
an hour ago
J
H
IMO 2010 Problem 6
mavropnevma   41
N an hour ago by pi271828
Let $a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots$ be a sequence of positive real numbers, and $s$ be a positive integer, such that
\[a_n = \max \{ a_k + a_{n-k} \mid 1 \leq k \leq n-1 \} \ \textrm{ for all } \ n > s.\]
Prove there exist positive integers $\ell \leq s$ and $N$, such that
\[a_n = a_{\ell} + a_{n - \ell} \ \textrm{ for all } \ n \geq N.\]

Proposed by Morteza Saghafiyan, Iran
41 replies
mavropnevma
Jul 8, 2010
pi271828
an hour ago
J
H
J
H
Modified Sum of floors
prMoLeGend42   3
N Apr 13, 2025 by prMoLeGend42
Find the closed form of : $\sum _{k=0}^{n-1} \left\lfloor \frac{ak+b}{n}\right \rfloor$ where $\gcd(a,n)=1$
3 replies
prMoLeGend42
Apr 11, 2025
prMoLeGend42
Apr 13, 2025
J
Modified Sum of floors
G H J
Reveal topic tags
floor function
number theory
L
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
prMoLeGend42
287 posts
prMoLeGend42
#1 h  Apr 11, 2025, 9:09 AM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Find the closed form of : $\sum _{k=0}^{n-1} \left\lfloor \frac{ak+b}{n}\right \rfloor$ where $\gcd(a,n)=1$
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
prMoLeGend42
287 posts
prMoLeGend42
#2 h  Apr 12, 2025, 3:00 PM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
$\textbf{bump}$
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
cubres
119 posts
cubres
#3 h  Apr 12, 2025, 3:10 PM
Y by
Hint 1
Hint 2
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by cubres, Apr 12, 2025, 3:11 PM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
prMoLeGend42
287 posts
prMoLeGend42
#4 h  Apr 13, 2025, 3:41 PM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Click to reveal hidden text
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a