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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
m^4+3^m is a perfect square number
Havu   1
N 4 minutes ago by Soupboy0
Find a positive integer m such that $m^4+3^m$ is a perfect square number.
1 reply
Havu
6 minutes ago
Soupboy0
4 minutes ago
Divisibility..
Sadigly   3
N 12 minutes ago by Jackson0423
Source: Azerbaijan Junior MO 2025 P2
Find all $4$ consecutive even numbers, such that the square of their product is divisible by the sum of their squares.
3 replies
Sadigly
Today at 7:37 AM
Jackson0423
12 minutes ago
Divisibilty...
Sadigly   9
N 21 minutes ago by Jackson0423
Source: My (fake) translation error
Find all $4$ consecutive even numbers, such that the square of their product divides the sum of their squares.
9 replies
Sadigly
an hour ago
Jackson0423
21 minutes ago
Inspired by Kosovo 2010
sqing   1
N 22 minutes ago by ytChen
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0  , a+b\leq k $. Prove that
$$\left(1+\frac{1}{a(b+1)}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b(a+1)}\right)\geq\left(1+\frac{4}{k(k+2)}\right)^2$$$$\left(1+\frac {a}{b(a+1)}\right)\left(1+\frac {b}{a(b+1)}\right) \geq\left(1+\frac{2}{k+2}\right)^2$$Let $ a,b>0  , a+b\leq 2 $. Prove that
$$\left(1+\frac{1}{a(b+1)}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b(a+1)}\right)\geq \frac{9}{4} $$$$\left(1+\frac {a}{b(a+1)}\right)\left(1+\frac {b}{a(b+1)}\right) \geq \frac{9}{4} $$
1 reply
sqing
Today at 3:56 AM
ytChen
22 minutes ago
how can I solve this FE
Jackson0423   5
N 22 minutes ago by Jackson0423

Let \( f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) be a function that satisfies the following equation for all real numbers \( x \):
\[
f(x^2 + x + 3) + 2f(x^2 - 3x + 5) = 6x^2 - 10x + 17.
\]Find the value of \( f(100) \).
5 replies
Jackson0423
an hour ago
Jackson0423
22 minutes ago
Number Theory
VicKmath7   5
N 28 minutes ago by Adywastaken
Source: Archimedes Junior 2014
Let $p$ prime and $m$ a positive integer. Determine all pairs $( p,m)$ satisfying the equation: $ p(p+m)+p=(m+1)^3$
5 replies
VicKmath7
Mar 17, 2020
Adywastaken
28 minutes ago
x+y in B iff x,y in A
fattypiggy123   5
N 32 minutes ago by Math2030
Source: China Mathematical Olympiad 2015 Q3
Let $n \geq 5$ be a positive integer and let $A$ and $B$ be sets of integers satisfying the following conditions:

i) $|A| = n$, $|B| = m$ and $A$ is a subset of $B$
ii) For any distinct $x,y \in B$, $x+y \in B$ iff $x,y \in A$

Determine the minimum value of $m$.
5 replies
fattypiggy123
Dec 20, 2014
Math2030
32 minutes ago
IMO Genre Predictions
ohiorizzler1434   65
N 38 minutes ago by Oksutok
Everybody, with IMO upcoming, what are you predictions for the problem genres?


Personally I predict: predict
65 replies
ohiorizzler1434
May 3, 2025
Oksutok
38 minutes ago
k^2/p for k =1 to (p-1)/2
truongphatt2668   1
N an hour ago by Double07
Let $p$ be a prime such that: $p = 4k+1$. Simplify:
$$\sum_{k=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\begin{Bmatrix}\dfrac{k^2}{p}\end{Bmatrix}$$
1 reply
truongphatt2668
3 hours ago
Double07
an hour ago
Interesting inequality
imnotgoodatmathsorry   1
N an hour ago by Bergo1305
Let $x,y,z > \frac{1}{2}$ and $x+y+z=3$.Prove that:
$\sqrt{x^3+y^3+3xy-1}+\sqrt{y^3+z^3+3yz-1}+\sqrt{z^3+x^3+3zx-1}+\frac{1}{4}(x+5)(y+5)(z+5) \le 60$
1 reply
imnotgoodatmathsorry
2 hours ago
Bergo1305
an hour ago
every lucky set of values {a_1,a_2,..,a_n} satisfies a_1+a_2+...+a_n >n2^{n-1}
parmenides51   6
N an hour ago by jonh_malkovich
Source: 2020 International Olympiad of Metropolises P3
Let $n>1$ be a given integer. The Mint issues coins of $n$ different values $a_1, a_2, ..., a_n$, where each $a_i$ is a positive integer (the number of coins of each value is unlimited). A set of values $\{a_1, a_2,..., a_n\}$ is called lucky, if the sum $a_1+ a_2+...+ a_n$ can be collected in a unique way (namely, by taking one coin of each value).
(a) Prove that there exists a lucky set of values $\{a_1, a_2, ..., a_n\}$ with $$a_1+ a_2+...+ a_n < n \cdot 2^n.$$(b) Prove that every lucky set of values $\{a_1, a_2,..., a_n\}$ satisfies $$a_1+ a_2+...+ a_n >n \cdot 2^{n-1}.$$
Proposed by Ilya Bogdanov
6 replies
parmenides51
Dec 19, 2020
jonh_malkovich
an hour ago
A strange NT problem
flower417477   0
an hour ago
Source: unknown
$p$ is a given prime number.$A=\{a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_{p-1}\}$ is a set which $\prod\limits_{i=1}^{p-1}a_i\equiv\frac{p-1}{2}\pmod p$.
Prove that there're at least $\frac{p-1}{2}$ non-empty subsets $B$ of $A$ such that $\sum\limits_{b\in B}b\equiv 1\pmod p$
0 replies
flower417477
an hour ago
0 replies
combi/nt
blug   0
an hour ago
Prove that every positive integer $n$ can be written in the form
$$n=2^{a_1}3^{b_1}+2^{a_2}3^{b_2}+..., $$where $a_i, b_j$ are non negative integers, such that
$$2^x3^y\nmid 2^z3^t$$for every $x, y, z, t$.
0 replies
blug
an hour ago
0 replies
Interesting inequalities
sqing   2
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , a(b+c)=k.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{2}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq  \frac{4\sqrt{k}-6}{ k-2}$$Where $5\leq  k\in N^+.$
Let $ a,b,c\geq 0 , a(b+c)=9.$ Prove that
$$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{2}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq \frac{6}{7}$$
2 replies
sqing
3 hours ago
sqing
an hour ago
GCD of a sequence
oVlad   7
N Apr 21, 2025 by grupyorum
Source: Romania EGMO TST 2017 Day 1 P2
Determine all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers with the following property: all of the terms of the sequence $(a^n+b^n+1)_{n\geqslant 1}$ have a greatest common divisor $d>1.$
7 replies
oVlad
Apr 21, 2025
grupyorum
Apr 21, 2025
GCD of a sequence
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Romania EGMO TST 2017 Day 1 P2
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oVlad
1746 posts
#1
Y by
Determine all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers with the following property: all of the terms of the sequence $(a^n+b^n+1)_{n\geqslant 1}$ have a greatest common divisor $d>1.$
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kokcio
69 posts
#2
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Assume that $d$ divides $a+b+1, a^2+b^2+1, a^3+b^3+1$. Then we know that $ab=\frac{(a+b)^2-(a^2+b^2)}{2}\equiv1\mod d$, so $a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)\equiv2\mod d$, so $d$ divides $2+1=3$, which means $d=3$, because we want $d>1$. But if $3$ divides $a+b+1$ and $a^2+b^2+1$, then we have to have that $a,b\equiv1\mod3$, and then obciosuly $3$ divides $a^n+b^n+1$ for all $n$. Hence, the answer is $(a,b)=(3k+1,3l+1)$ for some non-negative integers $k,l$.
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Rohit-2006
242 posts
#3
Y by
No you are wrong.....first of all if the parity of $k$ and $l$ are same then obviously your answer is wrong. Actually the answer would be $(a,b)=(1,1),(2k+1,2l),(2k,2l+1)$ I guess. Trying to prove.....
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Rohit-2006
242 posts
#4
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Now it can be solved easily.....$a=b$ case is trivial which gives us $a=b=1$....and the rest as follows
Attachments:
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kokcio
69 posts
#5
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I forgot about $2$.
If $a+b$ is odd then one of this numbers has to be even and one odd and then this pair works in this problem ($d=2$ or $d=6$).
Therefore, pairs which satisfy conditions of this problem are $(2k,2l+1),(2k+1,2l),(3k+1,3l+1)$.
We will have in this cases $d\in\{2,3,6\}$.
Z K Y
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kokcio
69 posts
#6
Y by
Rohit-2006 wrote:
Now it can be solved easily.....$a=b$ case is trivial which gives us $a=b=1$....and the rest as follows

This is incorrect. If $a=b$, then we can have $a=b=3k+1$ and $d=3$.
Z K Y
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Rohit-2006
242 posts
#7
Y by
Oh yeah right.....wait trying tomorrow....though instead of the equality case....you can easily see that $d$ doesn't necessarily divide that part....
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Rohit-2006, Apr 21, 2025, 7:11 PM
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grupyorum
1418 posts
#8
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Let $p$ be a prime such that $p\mid a^n+b^n+1$ for $n\ge 1$. Using
\[
a^3+b^3+1 - 3ab = (a+b+1)(a^2+b^2+1-ab-a-b)
\]we get $p\mid 3ab$. Suppose first that $p\mid a$ (the case $p\mid b$ is symmetric). Then, $p\mid a+b+1$ forces $b\equiv -1\pmod{p}$ which together with $p\mid a^2+b^2+1\equiv 2\pmod{p}$ forces $p=2$. So, $(a,b)=(2k,2\ell-1),(2\ell-1,2k)$, where $k,\ell\ge 1$ are arbitrary are both solution families.

Assume now $p\nmid ab$. Then $p=3$ and $a+b\equiv 2\pmod{3}$. Since $3\nmid ab$, we must have $a\equiv b\equiv 1\pmod{3}$, giving the family $(3k+1,3\ell+1)$ where $k,\ell\ge 0$ are arbitrary.
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