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k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

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[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
weird conditions in geo
Davdav1232   2
N 9 minutes ago by teoira
Source: Israel TST 7 2025 p1
Let \( \triangle ABC \) be an isosceles triangle with \( AB = AC \). Let \( D \) be a point on \( AC \). Let \( L \) be a point inside the triangle such that \( \angle CLD = 90^\circ \) and
\[
CL \cdot BD = BL \cdot CD.
\]Prove that the circumcenter of triangle \( \triangle BDL \) lies on line \( AB \).
2 replies
Davdav1232
May 8, 2025
teoira
9 minutes ago
Long FE with f(0)=0
Fysty   4
N an hour ago by MathLuis
Source: Own
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ satisfying $f(0)=0$ and
$$f(f(x)+xf(y)+y)+xf(x+y)+f(y^2)=x+f(f(y))+(f(x)+y)(f(y)+x)$$for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$.
4 replies
Fysty
May 23, 2021
MathLuis
an hour ago
Inspired by old results
sqing   1
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b> 0. $ Prove that
$$  \frac{a^3}{b^3+ab^2}+ \frac{4b^3}{a^3+b^3+2ab^2}\geq \frac{3}{2}$$$$\frac{a^3}{b^3+(a+b)^3}+ \frac{b^3}{a^3+(a+b)^3}+ \frac{(a+b)^2}{a^2+b^2+ab} \geq \frac{14}{9}$$
1 reply
sqing
2 hours ago
sqing
an hour ago
Quadruple isogonal conjugate inside cyclic quad
Noob_at_math_69_level   8
N 2 hours ago by awesomeming327.
Source: DGO 2023 Team & Individual P3
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral with $M_1,M_2,M_3,M_4$ being the midpoints of segments $AB,BC,CD,DA$ respectively. Suppose $E$ is the intersection of diagonals $AC,BD$ of quadrilateral $ABCD.$ Define $E_1$ to be the isogonal conjugate point of point $E$ in $\triangle{M_1CD}.$ Define $E_2,E_3,E_4$ similarly. Suppose $E_1E_3$ intersects $E_2E_4$ at a point $W.$ Prove that: The Newton-Gauss line of quadrilateral $ABCD$ bisects segment $EW.$

Proposed by 土偶 & Paramizo Dicrominique
8 replies
Noob_at_math_69_level
Dec 18, 2023
awesomeming327.
2 hours ago
Interesting inequality
sqing   3
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq  0 , a^2+b^2+c^2 =3.$ Prove that
$$ a^4+ b^4+c^4+6abc\leq9$$$$ a^3+ b^3+  c^3+3( \sqrt{3}-1)abc\leq 3\sqrt 3$$
3 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 2:54 AM
sqing
2 hours ago
2-var inequality
sqing   12
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0 , a^2+b^2-ab\leq 1 . $ Prove that
$$a^3+b^3 -\frac{a^4}{b+1}  -\frac{b^4}{a+1} \leq 1 $$
12 replies
1 viewing
sqing
May 27, 2025
sqing
2 hours ago
Sum of whose elements is divisible by p
nntrkien   46
N 3 hours ago by Jackson0423
Source: IMO 1995, Problem 6, Day 2, IMO Shortlist 1995, N6
Let $ p$ be an odd prime number. How many $ p$-element subsets $ A$ of $ \{1,2,\dots,2p\}$ are there, the sum of whose elements is divisible by $ p$?
46 replies
nntrkien
Aug 8, 2004
Jackson0423
3 hours ago
Graph Theory
achen29   4
N 4 hours ago by ABCD1728
Are there any good handouts or even books in Graph Theory for a beginner in it? Preferable handouts which are extensive!
4 replies
achen29
Apr 24, 2018
ABCD1728
4 hours ago
Guess period of function
a1267ab   10
N 4 hours ago by cosmicgenius
Source: USA TST 2025
Let $n$ be a positive integer. Ana and Banana play a game. Banana thinks of a function $f\colon\mathbb{Z}\to\mathbb{Z}$ and a prime number $p$. He tells Ana that $f$ is nonconstant, $p<100$, and $f(x+p)=f(x)$ for all integers $x$. Ana's goal is to determine the value of $p$. She writes down $n$ integers $x_1,\dots,x_n$. After seeing this list, Banana writes down $f(x_1),\dots,f(x_n)$ in order. Ana wins if she can determine the value of $p$ from this information. Find the smallest value of $n$ for which Ana has a winning strategy.

Anthony Wang
10 replies
a1267ab
Dec 14, 2024
cosmicgenius
4 hours ago
interesting geo config (2/3)
Royal_mhyasd   1
N 5 hours ago by Royal_mhyasd
Source: own
Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute triangle and $H$ its orthocenter. Let $P$ be a point on the parallel through $A$ to $BC$ such that $\angle APH = |\angle ABC-\angle ACB|$. Define $Q$ and $R$ as points on the parallels through $B$ to $AC$ and through $C$ to $AB$ similarly. If $P,Q,R$ are positioned around the sides of $\triangle ABC$ as in the given configuration, prove that $P,Q,R$ are collinear.
1 reply
Royal_mhyasd
5 hours ago
Royal_mhyasd
5 hours ago
interesting geo config (1\3)
Royal_mhyasd   0
6 hours ago
Source: own
Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AC > AB$, $H$ its orthocenter and $O$ it's circumcenter. Let $P$ be a point on the parallel through $A$ to $BC$ such that $\angle APH = \angle ABC - \angle ACB$ and $P$ and $C$ are on different sides of $AB$. Denote by $S$ the intersection of the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ and $PA'$, where $A'$ is the reflection of $H$ over $BC$, $M$ the midpoint of $PH$, $Q$ the intersection of $OA$ and the parallel through $M$ to $AS$, $R$ the intersection of $MS$ and the perpendicular through $O$ to $PS$ and $N$ a point on $AS$ such that $NT \parallel PS$, where $T$ is the midpoint of $HS$. Prove that $Q, N, R$ lie on a line.

fiy it's 2am and i'm bored so i decided to look further into this interesting config that i had already made some observations on, maybe this problem is trivial from some theorem so if that's the case then i'm sorry lol :P i'll probably post 2 more problems related to it soon, i'd say they're easier than this though
0 replies
Royal_mhyasd
6 hours ago
0 replies
Parallel lines..
ts0_9   9
N 6 hours ago by OutKast
Source: Kazakhstan National Olympiad 2014 P3 D1 10 grade
The triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in a circle $w_1$. Inscribed in a triangle circle touchs the sides $BC$ in a point $N$. $w_2$ — the circle inscribed in a segment $BAC$ circle of $w_1$, and passing through a point $N$. Let points $O$ and $J$ — the centers of circles $w_2$ and an extra inscribed circle (touching side $BC$) respectively. Prove, that lines $AO$ and $JN$ are parallel.
9 replies
ts0_9
Mar 26, 2014
OutKast
6 hours ago
KMN and PQR are tangent at a fixed point
hal9v4ik   4
N 6 hours ago by OutKast
Let $ABCD$ be cyclic quadrilateral. Let $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $R$, and let $AB$ and $CD$ intersect at $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ are points on $AB$ and $CD$ such that $\frac{AM}{MB}=\frac{CN}{ND}$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be the intersections of $MN$ with the diagonals of $ABCD$. Prove that circumcircles of triangles $KMN$ and $PQR$ are tangent at a fixed point.
4 replies
hal9v4ik
Mar 19, 2013
OutKast
6 hours ago
one cyclic formed by two cyclic
CrazyInMath   40
N 6 hours ago by HamstPan38825
Source: EGMO 2025/3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Points $B, D, E$, and $C$ lie on a line in this order and satisfy $BD = DE = EC$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AD$ and $AE$, respectively. Suppose triangle $ADE$ is acute, and let $H$ be its orthocentre. Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on lines $BM$ and $CN$, respectively, such that $D, H, M,$ and $P$ are concyclic and pairwise different, and $E, H, N,$ and $Q$ are concyclic and pairwise different. Prove that $P, Q, N,$ and $M$ are concyclic.
40 replies
CrazyInMath
Apr 13, 2025
HamstPan38825
6 hours ago
NEPAL TST DAY 2 PROBLEM 2
Tony_stark0094   6
N Apr 16, 2025 by cursed_tangent1434
Kritesh manages traffic on a $45 \times 45$ grid consisting of 2025 unit squares. Within each unit square is a car, facing either up, down, left, or right. If the square in front of a car in the direction it is facing is empty, it can choose to move forward. Each car wishes to exit the $45 \times 45$ grid.

Kritesh realizes that it may not always be possible for all the cars to leave the grid. Therefore, before the process begins, he will remove $k$ cars from the $45 \times 45$ grid in such a way that it becomes possible for all the remaining cars to eventually exit the grid.

What is the minimum value of $k$ that guarantees that Kritesh's job is possible?

$\textbf{Proposed by Shining Sun. USA}$
6 replies
Tony_stark0094
Apr 12, 2025
cursed_tangent1434
Apr 16, 2025
NEPAL TST DAY 2 PROBLEM 2
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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Tony_stark0094
69 posts
#1 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Kritesh manages traffic on a $45 \times 45$ grid consisting of 2025 unit squares. Within each unit square is a car, facing either up, down, left, or right. If the square in front of a car in the direction it is facing is empty, it can choose to move forward. Each car wishes to exit the $45 \times 45$ grid.

Kritesh realizes that it may not always be possible for all the cars to leave the grid. Therefore, before the process begins, he will remove $k$ cars from the $45 \times 45$ grid in such a way that it becomes possible for all the remaining cars to eventually exit the grid.

What is the minimum value of $k$ that guarantees that Kritesh's job is possible?

$\textbf{Proposed by Shining Sun. USA}$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Tony_stark0094, Apr 13, 2025, 3:12 AM
Reason: typo
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sansgankrsngupta
152 posts
#2 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
OG! I claim $k= 484$ is the answer:
Proof: I am lazy to write but its pretty natural.
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ND_
56 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
$k= 1012$ is the answer. To prove that it is minimal, consider the situation where cars in left 22 rows face right and right 22 rows face left, and top 22 cars in the middle row face down.

To prove that it suffices, we remove either all the left facing cars or right facing cars, whichever is less. Similarly, for up and down. So, we remove less than half of the cars, or less than 1012 cars. WLOG let us remove the up and right cars. We can clear the cars facing down in the bottom row first, then the left facing ones in the bottom row. So we can clear each row sequentially and hence clear the grid.
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by ND_, Apr 13, 2025, 3:44 AM
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User_two
8 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by cubres
ND_ wrote:
$k= 990$ is the answer. To prove that it is minimal, consider the situation where cars in left 22 rows face right and right 23 rows face left.

Apparently, it is k=1012.
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Mathdreams
1472 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by cubres, khan.academy
My problem!

Grid combo is the best. :showoff:

Solution
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Mathdreams, Apr 12, 2025, 8:40 PM
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ThatApollo777
73 posts
#6
Y by
I am skill issue, why did this take 2 hours.

The answer is $\lfloor \frac{2025}{2} \rfloor = 1012$.

Part 1: Bounds can be achieved.
Pf: Fill the upper $1012 \cdot 2025$ with cars pointing down. Fill the lower $1012 \cdot 2025$ with cars pointing up. Fill the rightmost $1013$ cells of the remaining row with cars pointing left and the remaining $1012$ with cars pointing right. After removing the cars, every column must have all up cars or all down cars removed and the middle row must have all left or all right cars removed, doing a simple count this gives at least $1012$ cars must be removed.

Part 2: We can always succeed in $1012$ removals.
Pf: Remove either all cars that point (right or up) or (left or down), whichever is less cars. These will be less than $1012.5$. WLOG assume these are are the right or up cars. Now let any car that can move, move in any order. Since the distance of every car from the edge it will leave from strictly decreases this process must terminate. If any cars are left after that, take the car which is on cell with minimum value of sum of coordinates. Since it points left or down, it must be able to move contradicting the process has terminated.
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cursed_tangent1434
654 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by khan.academy
Extremely quick and easy. The answer is $\frac{n^2-1}{2}$ for any $n \times n$ grid for odd $n$. We start off by providing a construction.

In the rightmost column, park cars facing down and up alternately and it the other columns park cars along each row facing left and right alternately. In the rightmost column, we cannot leave any two cars facing opposite directions as they cannot reach the end of the board without bumping into each other, so atleast $\frac{n-1}{2}$ cars must be removed. In each row, no cars facing opposite directions can be remaining as they bump into each other. Thus, in each row either all the right-facing or left-facing cars must be removed, mandating a removal of at least
\[\frac{n(n-1)}{2} + \frac{n-1}{2} = \frac{n^2-1}{2}\]cars as desired.

For the bound, note that if the board only has one of right-facing and left-facing and one of up-facing and down-facing cars, they may eventually all leave the board. This is because, if WLOG only right-facing and down-facing cars are left, starting from the rightmost column, the right-facing cars of each row exit the board, leaving space for the down-facing cars to leave and continue until all the cars leave the board. Further, let $U$ , $D$ , $L$ and $R$ denote the number of cars facing each direction. Since,
\[(U+L)+(U+R)+(D+R)+(D+L) = 2n^2\]we have that,
\[\min\{U+L, U+R , D+R , D+L\} \le \left \lfloor \frac{2n^2}{4}  \right \rfloor = \frac{n^2-1}{2}\]which finishes the proof of the bound and we are done.
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