Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 1-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Summer is a great time to explore cool problems to keep your skills sharp!  Schedule a class today!
No tags match your search
M
G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
H
k a May Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
May 1, 2025
May is an exciting month! National MATHCOUNTS is the second week of May in Washington D.C. and our Founder, Richard Rusczyk will be presenting a seminar, Preparing Strong Math Students for College and Careers, on May 11th.

Are you interested in working towards MATHCOUNTS and don’t know where to start? We have you covered! If you have taken Prealgebra, then you are ready for MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics. Already aiming for State or National MATHCOUNTS and harder AMC 8 problems? Then our MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced course is for you.

Summer camps are starting next month at the Virtual Campus in math and language arts that are 2 - to 4 - weeks in duration. Spaces are still available - don’t miss your chance to have an enriching summer experience. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following upcoming events:
[list][*]May 9th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, Casework 2: Overwhelming Evidence — A Text Adventure, a game where participants will work together to navigate the map, solve puzzles, and win! All are welcome.
[*]May 19th, 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, What's Next After Beast Academy?, designed for students finishing Beast Academy and ready for Prealgebra 1.
[*]May 20th, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 1 Math Jam, Problems 1 to 4, join the Canada/USA Mathcamp staff for this exciting Math Jam, where they discuss solutions to Problems 1 to 4 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz!
[*]May 21st, 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Mathcamp 2025 Qualifying Quiz Part 2 Math Jam, Problems 5 and 6, Canada/USA Mathcamp staff will discuss solutions to Problems 5 and 6 of the 2025 Mathcamp Qualifying Quiz![/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Paradoxes and Infinity
Mon, Tue, Wed, & Thurs, Jul 14 - Jul 16 (meets every day of the week!)

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

AIME Problem Series A
Thursday, May 22 - Jul 31

AIME Problem Series B
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!

MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
May 1, 2025
0 replies
J
H
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
J
H
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
J
H
In Cyclic Quadrilateral ABCD, find AB^2+BC^2-CD^2-AD^2
Darealzolt   0
an hour ago
Source: KTOM April 2025 P8
Given Cyclic Quadrilateral \(ABCD\) with an area of \(2025\), with \(\angle ABC = 45^{\circ}\). If \( 2AC^2 = AB^2+BC^2+CD^2+DA^2\), Hence find the value of \(AB^2+BC^2-CD^2-DA^2\).
0 replies
Darealzolt
an hour ago
0 replies
J
H
Plz give me the solution
Madunglecha   1
N an hour ago by top1vien
For given M
h(n) is defined as the number of which is relatively prime with M, and 1 or more and n or less.
As B is h(M)/M, prove that there are at least M/3 or more N such that satisfying the below inequality
|h(N)-BN| is under 1+sqrt(B×2^((the number of prime factor of M)-3))
1 reply
1 viewing
Madunglecha
3 hours ago
top1vien
an hour ago
J
H
King's Constrained Walk
Hellowings   1
N an hour ago by Hellowings
Source: Own
Given an n x n chessboard, with a king starting at any square, the king's task is to visit each square in the board exactly once (essentially an open path); this king moves how a king in chess would.
However, we are allowed to place k numbers on the board of any value such that for each number A we placed on the board, the king must be in the position of that number A on its Ath square in its journey, with the starting square as its 1st square.
Suppose after we placed k numbers, there is one and only one way to complete the king's task (this includes placing the king in a starting square), find the minimum value of k set by n.

Didn't know I could post it here xd; I'm unsure how hard this question could be.
1 reply
Hellowings
3 hours ago
Hellowings
an hour ago
J
H
Inspired by qrxz17
sqing   9
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $a, b,c>0 ,(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2 - 2(a^4+b^4+c^4) = 27 $. Prove that $$a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt {3}$$
9 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 8:50 AM
sqing
2 hours ago
J
H
Interesting inequality
sqing   0
2 hours ago
Source: Own
Let $ a, b,c>0,b+c\geq 3a$. Prove that
$$ \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c-a}}-\frac{ 2a^2-b^2-c^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}\geq \frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}$$$$ \frac{3}{2}\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c-a}}-\frac{ 2a^2-b^2-c^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}\geq \frac{2}{5}+\frac{3}{2\sqrt 2}$$
0 replies
sqing
2 hours ago
0 replies
J
H
Inspired by m4thbl3nd3r
sqing   4
N 2 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a, b,c>0,b+c>a$. Prove that$$\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c-a}}-\frac{2a^2-b^2-c^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}\geq 1$$$$\frac{a}{b+c-a}-\frac{2a^2-b^2-c^2}{(a+b)(a+c)} \geq \frac{4\sqrt 2}{3}-1$$
4 replies
sqing
Yesterday at 3:43 AM
sqing
2 hours ago
J
H
Not so beautiful
m4thbl3nd3r   3
N 3 hours ago by m4thbl3nd3r
Let $a, b,c>0$ such that $b+c>a$. Prove that $$2 \sqrt[4]{\frac{a}{b+c-a}}\ge 2 +\frac{2a^2-b^2-c^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}.$$
3 replies
m4thbl3nd3r
Yesterday at 3:23 AM
m4thbl3nd3r
3 hours ago
J
H
Inequality by Po-Ru Loh
v_Enhance   57
N 3 hours ago by Learning11
Source: ELMO 2003 Problem 4
Let $x,y,z \ge 1$ be real numbers such that \[ \frac{1}{x^2-1} + \frac{1}{y^2-1} + \frac{1}{z^2-1} = 1. \] Prove that \[ \frac{1}{x+1} + \frac{1}{y+1} + \frac{1}{z+1} \le 1. \]
57 replies
v_Enhance
Dec 29, 2012
Learning11
3 hours ago
J
H
Inspired by Darealzolt
sqing   0
3 hours ago
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c\geq 1$ and $ a^2+b^2+c^2+abc=\frac{9}{2}. $ Prove that
$$3\left(\sqrt[3] 2+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3] 2} -1\right) \geq a+b+c\geq \frac{3+\sqrt{11}}{2}$$$$\frac{3}{2}\left(4+\sqrt[3] 4-\sqrt[3] 2\right) \geq a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt{11})}{2}$$
0 replies
sqing
3 hours ago
0 replies
J
H
2024 IMO P1
EthanWYX2009   104
N 3 hours ago by SYBARUPEMULA
Source: 2024 IMO P1
Determine all real numbers $\alpha$ such that, for every positive integer $n,$ the integer
$$\lfloor\alpha\rfloor +\lfloor 2\alpha\rfloor +\cdots +\lfloor n\alpha\rfloor$$is a multiple of $n.$ (Note that $\lfloor z\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $z.$ For example, $\lfloor -\pi\rfloor =-4$ and $\lfloor 2\rfloor= \lfloor 2.9\rfloor =2.$)

Proposed by Santiago Rodríguez, Colombia
104 replies
1 viewing
EthanWYX2009
Jul 16, 2024
SYBARUPEMULA
3 hours ago
J
H
2-var inequality
sqing   8
N 4 hours ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b>0 , a^2+b^2-ab\leq 1 . $ Prove that
$$a^3+b^3 -\frac{a^4}{b+1} -\frac{b^4}{a+1} \leq 1 $$
8 replies
sqing
May 27, 2025
sqing
4 hours ago
J
H
ai+aj is the multiple of n
Jackson0423   0
4 hours ago

Consider an increasing sequence of integers \( a_n \).
For every positive integer \( n \), there exist indices \( 1 \leq i < j \leq n \) such that \( a_i + a_j \) is divisible by \( n \).
Given that \( a_1 \geq 1 \), find the minimum possible value of \( a_{100} \).
0 replies
Jackson0423
4 hours ago
0 replies
J
H
Addition on the IMO
naman12   139
N 5 hours ago by ezpotd
Source: IMO 2020 Problem 1
Consider the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$. The point $P$ is in the interior of $ABCD$. The following ratio equalities hold:
\[\angle PAD:\angle PBA:\angle DPA=1:2:3=\angle CBP:\angle BAP:\angle BPC\]Prove that the following three lines meet in a point: the internal bisectors of angles $\angle ADP$ and $\angle PCB$ and the perpendicular bisector of segment $AB$.

Proposed by Dominik Burek, Poland
139 replies
naman12
Sep 22, 2020
ezpotd
5 hours ago
J
H
IMO ShortList 1998, number theory problem 5
orl   66
N 6 hours ago by lksb
Source: IMO ShortList 1998, number theory problem 5
Determine all positive integers $n$ for which there exists an integer $m$ such that ${2^{n}-1}$ is a divisor of ${m^{2}+9}$.
66 replies
orl
Oct 22, 2004
lksb
6 hours ago
J
H
J
H
Centroid Distance Identity in Triangle
zeta1   6
N Apr 17, 2025 by mathfan2020
Let M be any point inside triangle ABC, and let G be the centroid of triangle ABC. Prove that:

\[ |MA|^2 + |MB|^2 + |MC|^2 = |GA|^2 + |GB|^2 + |GC|^2 + 3|MG|^2 \]
6 replies
zeta1
Apr 16, 2025
mathfan2020
Apr 17, 2025
J
Centroid Distance Identity in Triangle
G H J
Reveal topic tags
geometry
L
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
zeta1
5 posts
zeta1
#1 h  Apr 16, 2025, 12:28 PM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Let M be any point inside triangle ABC, and let G be the centroid of triangle ABC. Prove that:

\[ |MA|^2 + |MB|^2 + |MC|^2 = |GA|^2 + |GB|^2 + |GC|^2 + 3|MG|^2 \]
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
alexheinis
10636 posts
alexheinis
#2 h  Apr 16, 2025, 12:59 PM • 2 Y
Y by zeta1, cubres
Let's translate in the complex plane such that $G=0$. Then $\sum |z-a_k|^2=\sum (|z|^2+|a_k|^2-2{\rm Re}(a_k\overline{z}))=3|z|^2 +\sum |a_k|^2-2{\rm Re} ((\sum a_k)\overline{z})=3|z|^2 +\sum |a_k|^2$.
It doesn't matter if $M$ is inside the triangle or not.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by alexheinis, Apr 16, 2025, 1:01 PM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
zeta1
5 posts
zeta1
#3 h  Apr 16, 2025, 1:18 PM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Thank you for the solution. I haven’t learned the complex plane yet, so I was wondering if there’s a more geometric way to prove it — maybe using triangle properties or classical geometry???
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
alexheinis
10636 posts
alexheinis
#4 h  Apr 16, 2025, 2:33 PM • 2 Y
Y by zeta1, cubres
Let's avoid complex notation but again we may assume that $G=(0,0)$. Then $AM^2+BM^2+CM^2=(x-a_1)^2+(y-a_2)^2+(x-b_1)^2+(y-b_2)^2+(x-c_1)^2+(y-c_2)^2=$
$3(x^2+y^2)-2(a_1+b_1+c_1)x-2(a_2+b_2+c_2)y+OA^2+OB^2+OC^2=3OM^2+OA^2+OB^2+OC^2$.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by alexheinis, Apr 16, 2025, 2:34 PM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
zeta1
5 posts
zeta1
#5 h  Apr 16, 2025, 3:55 PM • 1 Y
Y by cubres
Thank you! This is exactly the kind of solution I was looking for :)
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
DottedCaculator
7357 posts
DottedCaculator
#6 h  Apr 16, 2025, 4:03 PM • 3 Y
Y by zeta1, mathfan2020, compoly2010
Follows from the parallel axis theorem.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
mathfan2020
351 posts
mathfan2020
#7 h  Apr 17, 2025, 1:16 AM
Y by
DottedCaculator wrote:
Follows from the parallel axis theorem.

:flushed:
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a