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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
An easy ineq; ISI BS 2011, P1
Sayan   39
N 2 minutes ago by proxima1681
Let $x_1, x_2, \cdots , x_n$ be positive reals with $x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n=1$. Then show that
\[\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{x_i}{2-x_i} \ge \frac{n}{2n-1}\]
39 replies
2 viewing
Sayan
Mar 31, 2013
proxima1681
2 minutes ago
problem interesting
Cobedangiu   0
6 minutes ago
Let $a=3k^2+3k+1 (a,k \in N)$
$i)$ Prove that: $a^2$ is the sum of $3$ square numbers
$ii)$ Let $b \vdots a$ and $b$ is the sum of $3$ square numbers. Prove that: $b^n$ is the sum of $3$ square numbers
0 replies
+1 w
Cobedangiu
6 minutes ago
0 replies
Find f
Redriver   2
N 8 minutes ago by Blackbeam999
Find all $: R \to R : \ \ f(x^2+f(y))=y+f^2(x)$
2 replies
Redriver
Jun 25, 2006
Blackbeam999
8 minutes ago
Easy Geometry Problem in Taiwan TST
chengbilly   7
N an hour ago by L13832
Source: 2025 Taiwan TST Round 1 Independent Study 2-G
Suppose $I$ and $I_A$ are the incenter and the $A$-excenter of triangle $ABC$, respectively.
Let $M$ be the midpoint of arc $BAC$ on the circumcircle, and $D$ be the foot of the
perpendicular from $I_A$ to $BC$. The line $MI$ intersects the circumcircle again at $T$ . For
any point $X$ on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$, let $XT$ intersect $BC$ at $Y$ . Prove
that $A, D, X, Y$ are concyclic.
7 replies
chengbilly
Mar 6, 2025
L13832
an hour ago
No more topics!
Geometry warmup: internally tangent circles
v_Enhance   24
N Apr 25, 2025 by Ilikeminecraft
Source: HMMT Invitational Contest 2016, Problem 2
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcenter $O$, orthocenter $H$, and circumcircle $\Omega$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AH$ and $N$ the midpoint of $BH$. Assume the points $M$, $N$, $O$, $H$ are distinct and lie on a circle $\omega$. Prove that the circles $\omega$ and $\Omega$ are internally tangent to each other.

Dhroova Aiylam and Evan Chen
24 replies
v_Enhance
Apr 22, 2016
Ilikeminecraft
Apr 25, 2025
Geometry warmup: internally tangent circles
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: HMMT Invitational Contest 2016, Problem 2
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v_Enhance
6877 posts
#1 • 2 Y
Y by 62861, Adventure10
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with circumcenter $O$, orthocenter $H$, and circumcircle $\Omega$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AH$ and $N$ the midpoint of $BH$. Assume the points $M$, $N$, $O$, $H$ are distinct and lie on a circle $\omega$. Prove that the circles $\omega$ and $\Omega$ are internally tangent to each other.

Dhroova Aiylam and Evan Chen
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62861
3564 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by yojan_sushi, Arc_archer, Adventure10, Mango247
Solution

Unfortunately
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MSTang
6012 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Curious -- what sort of "joint proposal" happened for this problem? :)
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LeVietAn
375 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
My solution,
Let $O', H'$ be the reflections of $O, H$ in $AB$, resp. Easy to get $O'$ be center of $\odot (ABH)$, $H'\in \Omega$ .
We have $O'M\perp AH$, $O'N\perp BH$ $\Rightarrow HO'$ be the deameter of $\omega$ $\Rightarrow I$(midpoint of $O'H$) is center of $\omega$ .
Because, $O\in \omega$ $\Rightarrow \angle OO'H=90^{\circ}$ $\Rightarrow OHH'O'$ is rectangle $\Rightarrow H'\in \omega$ and $I\in OH'$ $\Rightarrow \omega$ and $\Omega$ are tangent to at $H'$.
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v_Enhance
6877 posts
#5 • 6 Y
Y by MSTang, 62861, Imayormaynotknowcalculus, Adventure10, Mango247, Aryan-23
MSTang wrote:
Curious -- what sort of "joint proposal" happened for this problem? :)

Mostly by Dhroova. It was a problem in the HMMT database which was a few years old, and I edited it for this contest.
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Hydrogen-Helium
173 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
This problem reminds me of the 4th question of Amir's 150 geometry problems http://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/aops20/attachments/67223_4872d512bdc737f3379ad265e17340d1
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nikolapavlovic
1246 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Let $O'$ be the circumcenter of $\triangle HAB$.Obviously $O'\in \odot HMN$ $\underbrace{\implies}_{OO'\perp AB}$ $\angle OMN=90^{\circ}-\angle O'NM=\angle HNM$ $\implies$ $OH||MN$.Let $AH\cap \odot ABC={A'}$ $\implies$ $d(O,AB)=d(A',AB)=d(H,AB)$ $\implies$ $OHO'H'$ is a rectangle $\implies$ $A'\in \odot HMN$ and now homothety $\mathcal{H}_{A',2}$ ends it.
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Kirilbangachev
71 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Interesting complex approach:

Let $L$ be a point on $\omega$. Then if we make a homothety $h$ with center $H$ and coefficient $2,$ it sends $\omega $ to $\gamma-$ the reflection of $\Omega$ with respect to $AB$. So the reflection with respect to $AB$ of $h(l)$ is on $\Omega.$ But the reflection of $h(l)$ is $a+b-ab(\overline{2l-h})$. So $L$ is on $\omega$ iff $| a+b+ab\overline{h}-2ab\overline{l}|=1.$

But $O$ is on $\omega,$ so $| a+b+ab\overline{h}|=1.$ And $T=t$ is on both $\omega$ and $\Omega$ iff $|t|=1$ and $| a+b+ab\overline{h}-2ab\overline{t}|=1.$

Triangle inequality gives us:
$$|2ab\overline{t}-(a+b+ab\overline{h})|+|a+b+ab\overline{h}|\ge |2ab\overline{t}|.$$Since we have the equality case, $\frac{a+b+ab\overline{h}}{2ab\overline{t}}=\frac{\frac{a+b+ab\overline{h}}{2ab}}{\overline{t}}$ is a positive integer. But $T$ is on the unit circle, so there is exactly one such point. This means that $\omega$ and $\Omega$ are tangent, and thus internally tangent (the point $H$ from $\omega$ that is in the interior of $\Omega$).
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pad
1671 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
We want to show that the radius of $(HMN)$ is $R/2$ since the circle contains $O$. A homothety at $H$ with scale factor 2 sends $M\to B$ and $N\to C$, so the radius of $(HMN)$ is half the radius of $(HBC)$. Since $(HBC)$ is the reflection of $(ABC)$ over $BC$, they have the same radius, done.
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amar_04
1915 posts
#10 • 3 Y
Y by Pakistan, strawberry_circle, Adventure10
Notice that Circumradius of $\odot(AHB)=\frac{AB}{\sin(180^\circ-\angle AHB)}=\frac{AB}{\sin\angle ACB}=$ Circumradius of $\triangle ABC=R$. Now notice the Homothety $\mathcal H$ cenered at $H$ mapping $M$ to $A$ and $N$ to $B$. Hence, Radius of $\odot(AMN)=\frac{1}{2}R$.

Now we just have to prove that any circle $(\omega_1$) passing through the center of a circle ($\omega_2$) with radius half of $\omega_2$, must be internally tangent to the circle $\omega_2$.

This is trivial but to prove rigorously we will use contradiction.

Let $\omega_1\cap\omega_2=\{P,Q\}$ and $O_1,O_2$ be the centers of $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ respectively. and let $O_2O_1\cap\omega_1=R$ and $O_1O_2\cap\omega_2=R'$. Notice that $O_1R=O_1R'=\frac{R}{2}\implies R'\equiv R$. Hence, $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ must be internally tangent. So we are done. $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by amar_04, Dec 21, 2019, 9:27 AM
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Stormersyle
2786 posts
#11 • 1 Y
Y by Mango247
Let $R$ be the circumradius of $\triangle{ABC}$, and let $H'\in (ABC)$ be the reflection of $H$ over $BC$. Note that $BH'C$ has circumradius $R$, so $\triangle{BHC}\cong \triangle{BH'C}$ has circumradius $R$ as well, and thus $\triangle{MHN}$ has circumradius $R/2$. Hence, $\omega$ passes through $O$ and has radius $R/2$, so we are immediately done.
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Grizzy
920 posts
#12
Y by
Solution
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CyclicISLscelesTrapezoid
372 posts
#13
Y by
This is cool :D edit: no

Notice that the nine-point circle of $\triangle ABC$ passes through $M$, $N$, and the reflection of $H$ over $\overline{MN}$. Then, it must also pass through the reflection of $O$ over $\overline{MN}$. Thus, $\omega$ has the same radius as the nine-point circle, or half the radius of $\Omega$. Since $\omega$ passes through $O$, $\omega$ and $\Omega$ must be internally tangent, as desired.

Remark: It seems like nobody else has put this approach on the thread yet. I thought the nine-point circle construction was quite natural because it involved $M$ and $N$ and the nine-point circle also has radius $\frac{R}{2}$.
This post has been edited 5 times. Last edited by CyclicISLscelesTrapezoid, Nov 27, 2022, 11:02 PM
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IAmTheHazard
5001 posts
#14
Y by
lol
It is known that the radii of $(BHC)$ and $(ABC)$ are equal, so the diameter of $(MHN)$ is equal to the radius of $(ABC)$ (since a homothety of scale factor $2$ at $H$ sends $\overline{MN}$ to $\overline{BC}$). But it is evident that any circle whose diameter is equal to the radius of $(ABC)$ passing through $O$ is internally tangent to $(ABC)$, so we're done. $\blacksquare$
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kamatadu
478 posts
#15 • 2 Y
Y by GeoKing, HoripodoKrishno
woah! I actually liked this problem :P .

https://i.imgur.com/qs4zLDa.png

Let $N_9$ denote the $9-$point center. So we get $N_9M=N_9N=\dfrac{R}{2}$ and thus $N_9$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $MN$. Also, it is well known that $N_9$ is the midpoint of $OH$ and thus again, $N_9$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of $OH$. But as we are told $MNOH$ is cyclic, thus the intersections of the perpendicular bisectors of $\{MN,OH\}$ is the center of $\odot(MNOH)$ which is our $N_9$.

Thus we get that $N_9O=N_9H=N_9N=N_9M=\dfrac{R}{2}$. Moreover as $\overline{N_9-O-H}$ are collinear, we have $OH=N_9O+N_9H=\dfrac{R}{2}+\dfrac{R}{2}=R$ and thus the orthocenter $H$ lies on $\odot(ABC)$.

Thus, one of the angles is $90^{\circ}$, also note that $\odot(MNOH)$ becomes the $9-$point circle of $\triangle ABC$ and $OH$ becomes the diameter of it. Thus we just have to show that in a triangle $ABC$ with one of the angles $=90^{\circ}$, the $9-$point circle is tangent to $\odot(ABC)$.

WLOG $A=90^{\circ}$. Then $A$ becomes the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. Now as radius of $\odot(ABC)$ is $R$ and diameter of $MNOH$ is $R$, its easy to see that our conclusion follows.
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HamstPan38825
8857 posts
#16
Y by
$(HMN)$ has half the radius of $(HBC)$, or half the radius of $(ABC)$. Combined with the fact that it passes through $O$, this solves the problem.
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bjump
1007 posts
#17
Y by
$$\frac{BC}{\sin(\angle BHC)}=\frac{BC}{\sin(180-\angle A)}=\frac{BC}{\sin(\angle A) }$$So the circumradius of $(BHC)$ is the same as $(ABC)$ which is twice of $(HMN)$ which finishes the problem.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by bjump, Aug 31, 2023, 4:14 PM
Reason: Unnecessary pluralization
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Math4Life7
1703 posts
#18
Y by
We can see that since the circle contains $O$ we simply need the radius to be $\frac{R}{2}$. This means that the circumcircle of $BHC$ must have radius $R$. Let the reflection of the orthocenter over $BC$ be $D$. We know that $D$ lies on $\Omega$. Thus since $\triangle BDC = \triangle BHC$. We can see that $\Omega$ has the same radius as the circumcircle of $\triangle HBC$. We can obviously see that since $\triangle HMN$ is homothetic to $\triangle HBC$ with ratio $1/2$, the result follows. $\blacksquare$
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joshualiu315
2533 posts
#19
Y by
Let the reflection of $H$ across line $BC$ be $H'$ and let the radius of $\Omega$ equal $R$. It is clear that $H'$ lies on $\Omega$ and $(BH'C)$ has radius $R$. Consequently, $(BHC)$ also has radius $R$, so $(MHN)$ has radius $\frac{R}{2}$. This implies the desired result. $\square$

[asy]
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[/asy]
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Mogmog8
1080 posts
#20 • 1 Y
Y by centslordm
Notice the radius of $\omega$ is half of the radius of $(HBC)$ and therefore half the radius of $\Omega$. Since $\omega$ also contains $O$, it is internally tangent to $\Omega$. $\square$
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blueprimes
344 posts
#21
Y by
The OTIS wording has $M$ and $N$ the midpoints of $BH$ and $CH$ instead.

The radius of $(MHN)$ is half of that of $(BHC)$ by a homothety centered at $H$. But the radius of $(BHC)$ is equal to that of $(ABC)$. In addition, $(MHN)$ contains $O$, so $\omega$ is internally tangent to $\Omega$.
This post has been edited 5 times. Last edited by blueprimes, Mar 18, 2024, 12:47 PM
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dolphinday
1324 posts
#22
Y by
Note that the radius of $\triangle BHC$ is the same as $\triangle ABC$ since $\frac{\sin(\angle BHC)}{BC} = \frac{\sin{\angle A}}{BC}$, so the radius of $(HMN)$ is $\frac{R}{2}$. Then if a circle passes through $O$ and has radius $\frac{R}{2}$ then it must be tangent to $(ABC)$ since the only point that is $R$ away from $O$ on $(HMN)$ is the antipode of $O$ wrt $(HMN)$, so the two circles intersect once as desired.
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Maximilian113
568 posts
#23
Y by
I am solving the OTIS version where $M, N$ are the midpoints of $BH$ and $CH.$

It is well-known that $(BHC)$ has the same radius as $(ABC),$ let this value be $R.$ Thus taking a homothety centered at $H$ with ratio $1/2$ tells us that $(MHN)$ has diameter $R,$ but since the circle also passes through $O$ we are done. QED
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eg4334
636 posts
#24
Y by
By a homothety centered at $H$ and a reflection over $BC$, we have the radius of the circle to be half that of $(ABC)$ Therefore they are internally tangent.
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Ilikeminecraft
607 posts
#25
Y by
Let $D$ be the foot of $A$ to $BC.$ Let $E$ be the reflection of $H$ across $D.$ By $-\frac12$ homothety about $E$, we see that $MHNE$ is cyclic, with half the radius as the circumcircle. However, since $O$ also lies on $MHN$, this implies tangency
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