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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Prove that the fraction (21n + 4)/(14n + 3) is irreducible
DPopov   110
N 8 minutes ago by Shenhax
Source: IMO 1959 #1
Prove that the fraction $ \dfrac{21n + 4}{14n + 3}$ is irreducible for every natural number $ n$.
110 replies
DPopov
Oct 5, 2005
Shenhax
8 minutes ago
Let \( a, b, c \) be positive real numbers satisfying \[ a^2 + c^2 = b(a + c). \
Jackson0423   3
N 16 minutes ago by Mathzeus1024
Let \( a, b, c \) be positive real numbers satisfying
\[
a^2 + c^2 = b(a + c).
\]Let
\[
m = \min \left( \frac{a^2 + ab + b^2}{ab + bc + ca} \right).
\]Find the value of \( 2024m \).
3 replies
Jackson0423
Apr 16, 2025
Mathzeus1024
16 minutes ago
real+ FE
pomodor_ap   3
N 30 minutes ago by MathLuis
Source: Own, PDC001-P7
Let $f : \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+$ be a function such that
$$f(x)f(x^2 + y f(y)) = f(x)f(y^2) + x^3$$for all $x, y \in \mathbb{R}^+$. Determine all such functions $f$.
3 replies
pomodor_ap
Yesterday at 11:24 AM
MathLuis
30 minutes ago
P(x) | P(x^2-2)
GreenTea2593   2
N 33 minutes ago by GreenTea2593
Source: Valentio Iverson
Let $P(x)$ be a monic polynomial with complex coefficients such that there exist a polynomial $Q(x)$ with complex coefficients for which \[P(x^2-2)=P(x)Q(x).\]Determine all complex numbers that could be the root of $P(x)$.

Proposed by Valentio Iverson, Indonesia
2 replies
+1 w
GreenTea2593
2 hours ago
GreenTea2593
33 minutes ago
Inspired by hlminh
sqing   1
N 38 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c $ be real numbers such that $ a^2+b^2+c^2=1. $ Prove that $$ |a-kb|+|b-kc|+|c-ka|\leq \sqrt{3k^2+2k+3}$$Where $ k\geq 0 . $
1 reply
1 viewing
sqing
an hour ago
sqing
38 minutes ago
Is this FE solvable?
ItzsleepyXD   3
N an hour ago by jasperE3
Source: Original
Let $c_1,c_2 \in \mathbb{R^+}$. Find all $f : \mathbb{R^+} \rightarrow \mathbb{R^+}$ such that for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R^+}$ $$f(x+c_1f(y))=f(x)+c_2f(y)$$
3 replies
ItzsleepyXD
Yesterday at 3:02 AM
jasperE3
an hour ago
PQ bisects AC if <BCD=90^o, A, B,C,D concyclic
parmenides51   2
N an hour ago by venhancefan777
Source: Mathematics Regional Olympiad of Mexico Northeast 2020 P2
Let $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ be points on the same circumference with $\angle BCD=90^\circ$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be the projections of $A$ onto $BD$ and $CD$, respectively. Prove that $PQ$ cuts the segment $AC$ into equal parts.
2 replies
parmenides51
Sep 7, 2022
venhancefan777
an hour ago
Inequality with three conditions
oVlad   3
N an hour ago by sqing
Source: Romania EGMO TST 2019 Day 1 P3
Let $a,b,c$ be non-negative real numbers such that \[b+c\leqslant a+1,\quad c+a\leqslant b+1,\quad a+b\leqslant c+1.\]Prove that $a^2+b^2+c^2\leqslant 2abc+1.$
3 replies
oVlad
Yesterday at 1:48 PM
sqing
an hour ago
standard Q FE
jasperE3   2
N an hour ago by jasperE3
Source: gghx, p19004309
Find all functions $f:\mathbb Q\to\mathbb Q$ such that for any $x,y\in\mathbb Q$:
$$f(xf(x)+f(x+2y))=f(x)^2+f(y)+y.$$
2 replies
jasperE3
Sunday at 6:27 PM
jasperE3
an hour ago
abc(a+b+c)=3, show that prod(a+b)>=8 [Indian RMO 2012(b) Q4]
Potla   29
N an hour ago by sqing
Let $a,b,c$ be positive real numbers such that $abc(a+b+c)=3.$ Prove that we have
\[(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\geq 8.\]
Also determine the case of equality.
29 replies
Potla
Dec 2, 2012
sqing
an hour ago
Functional Equation Problem
dimi07   2
N an hour ago by dimi07
Source: Pang Chung Wu FE Book
Could someone please solve this problem?

Find all functions \( f : \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z} \) that satisfy \( f(0) = 1 \) and
\[
f(f(n)) = f(f(n+2)+2) = n
\]for all integers \( n \).
2 replies
dimi07
Yesterday at 12:27 PM
dimi07
an hour ago
Nondecreasing FE
pieater314159   16
N an hour ago by jasperE3
Source: 2019 ELMO Shortlist A4
Find all nondecreasing functions $f:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R$ such that, for all $x,y\in \mathbb R$, $$f(f(x))+f(y)=f(x+f(y))+1.$$
Proposed by Carl Schildkraut
16 replies
pieater314159
Jun 27, 2019
jasperE3
an hour ago
Ez induction to start it off
alexanderhamilton124   21
N 2 hours ago by NerdyNashville
Source: Inmo 2025 p1
Consider the sequence defined by \(a_1 = 2\), \(a_2 = 3\), and
\[
a_{2k+1} = 2 + 2a_k, \quad a_{2k+2} = 2 + a_k + a_{k+1},
\]for all integers \(k \geq 1\). Determine all positive integers \(n\) such that
\[
\frac{a_n}{n}
\]is an integer.

Proposed by Niranjan Balachandran, SS Krishnan, and Prithwijit De.
21 replies
alexanderhamilton124
Jan 19, 2025
NerdyNashville
2 hours ago
fun set problem
iStud   1
N 2 hours ago by GreenTea2593
Source: Monthly Contest KTOM April P2 Essay
Given a set $S$ with exactly 9 elements that is subset of $\{1,2,\dots,72\}$. Prove that there exist two subsets $A$ and $B$ that satisfy the following:
- $A$ and $B$ are non-empty subsets from $S$,
- the sum of all elements in each of $A$ and $B$ are equal, and
- $A\cap B$ is an empty subset.
1 reply
iStud
Yesterday at 9:47 PM
GreenTea2593
2 hours ago
wu2481632 Mock Geometry Olympiad problems
wu2481632   14
N Apr 7, 2025 by bin_sherlo
To avoid clogging the fora with a horde of geometry problems, I'll post them all here.

Day I

Day II

Enjoy the problems!
14 replies
wu2481632
Mar 13, 2017
bin_sherlo
Apr 7, 2025
wu2481632 Mock Geometry Olympiad problems
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
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wu2481632
4239 posts
#1 • 16 Y
Y by laegolas, MathAwesome123, 62861, claserken, efang, Generic_Username, lucasxia01, rkm0959, anantmudgal09, soojoong, CQYIMO42, mhq, parmenides51, Adventure10, Mango247, Bet667
To avoid clogging the fora with a horde of geometry problems, I'll post them all here.

Day I

Day II

Enjoy the problems!
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liberator
95 posts
#2 • 12 Y
Y by AlgebraFC, j___d, laegolas, GoJensenOrGoHome, atmchallenge, claserken, lucasxia01, rkm0959, anantmudgal09, Aryan-23, Adventure10, MS_asdfgzxcvb
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 3 (my original solution by complex bash
Problem 3 (better solution)
Problem 4 (barybash)
Problem 5
Problem 6
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wu2481632
4239 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Surprisingly, nobody found our solution for #2, so I'm not exactly sure it's completely correct, so I'll post it here to check.

Solution
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wu2481632
4239 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Also, as only a barybash has been posted for #4, I thought it appropriate to post a synthetic solution.

4
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wu2481632
4239 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Oops, sorry about a third post -- but no one has found the Major Hint solution for #6, which I believe is the shortest.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by wu2481632, Mar 14, 2017, 12:41 AM
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gianteel
73 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by Aryan-23, Adventure10, Mango247
Unless I'm misreading, I think there's a quick solution to #6 which involves inverting about $P$? The diagram attached should outline a solution.
Attachments:
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by gianteel, Mar 14, 2017, 2:25 AM
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bobthesmartypants
4337 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by 62861, Adventure10
These problems seem to consist entirely of Projective and Inversive geometry. :maybe:
zacchro would be pleased :lol:
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wu2481632
4239 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
bobthesmartypants wrote:
These problems seem to consist entirely of Projective and Inversive geometry. :maybe:
zacchro would be pleased :lol:

help i solved 1,4,5 without projective or inversive tools
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rkm0959
1721 posts
#9 • 4 Y
Y by anantmudgal09, themathfreak, Adventure10, Mango247
Sketch, because I don't have access to computer rn

1. Angle Chase, easy

2. Prove Gamma and BFEC are orthogonal -> T1 T2 lie on (BFEC) so use radical axis on (ABC), Gamma and (BFEC) to get BC S1S2 T1T2 concurrent. Now use brokard a lot of times. Angle chase to get XY to be a diameter of Gamma, then brokard again.

3. 1:00 am rip

4. Prove LH=r by a simple length bash - AH and AL is easy to calculate. The rest is angle chase.

5. Extend DP and DQ to meet (DS1S2) at P', Q'.
Then one can get, by PoP that AEDBP' and AFDCQ' are cyclic. The rest is ratio bash to prove that PQ and P'Q' are parallel.

6. Easily get that A1B1 A2B2 O12O21 concur at a point T on AB such that (A,B;P,T)=-1. This implies that O12O21 passes through a point T' such that (O1,O2;T',P)=-1. Now notice that A1P and A2P are polars of O1 and O2 wrt (A1A2P) and etc. We can use harmonic quad/pencil to prove that A1A2 passes through T' and we are done.
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anantmudgal09
1980 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I post my submitted solutions in all their glory. Especially the over complicated one for #3 and the faster one for #4.

1

2

3

4

5

6

6 (later version)
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rkm0959
1721 posts
#11 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Problem 1 is straightforward, I won't post the solution.

Problem 2

Problem 4

Problem 5

Problem 6
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Vfire
1354 posts
#12 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Problem 5
This post has been edited 3 times. Last edited by Vfire, May 24, 2018, 4:15 AM
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awesomeming327.
1698 posts
#13
Y by
Solution to P3 using elementary methods
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bin_sherlo
705 posts
#14 • 2 Y
Y by GeoKing, MS_asdfgzxcvb
Problem 5
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bin_sherlo
705 posts
#15
Y by
Problem 3
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