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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
Woaah a lot of external tangents
egxa   3
N 16 minutes ago by NO_SQUARES
Source: All Russian 2025 11.7
A quadrilateral \( ABCD \) with no parallel sides is inscribed in a circle \( \Omega \). Circles \( \omega_a, \omega_b, \omega_c, \omega_d \) are inscribed in triangles \( DAB, ABC, BCD, CDA \), respectively. Common external tangents are drawn between \( \omega_a \) and \( \omega_b \), \( \omega_b \) and \( \omega_c \), \( \omega_c \) and \( \omega_d \), and \( \omega_d \) and \( \omega_a \), not containing any sides of quadrilateral \( ABCD \). A quadrilateral whose consecutive sides lie on these four lines is inscribed in a circle \( \Gamma \). Prove that the lines joining the centers of \( \omega_a \) and \( \omega_c \), \( \omega_b \) and \( \omega_d \), and the centers of \( \Omega \) and \( \Gamma \) all intersect at one point.
3 replies
egxa
Apr 18, 2025
NO_SQUARES
16 minutes ago
2023 Hong Kong TST 3 (CHKMO) Problem 4
PikaNiko   3
N 26 minutes ago by lightsynth123
Source: 2023 Hong Kong TST 3 (CHKMO)
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle $\Gamma$ such that $AB=BC=CD$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AD$ and $AB$ respectively. The line $CM$ meets $\Gamma$ again at $E$. Prove that the tangent at $E$ to $\Gamma$, the line $AD$ and the line $CN$ are concurrent.
3 replies
PikaNiko
Dec 3, 2022
lightsynth123
26 minutes ago
Continuity of function and line segment of integer length
egxa   2
N 30 minutes ago by NO_SQUARES
Source: All Russian 2025 11.8
Let \( f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} \) be a continuous function. A chord is defined as a segment of integer length, parallel to the x-axis, whose endpoints lie on the graph of \( f \). It is known that the graph of \( f \) contains exactly \( N \) chords, one of which has length 2025. Find the minimum possible value of \( N \).
2 replies
egxa
Apr 18, 2025
NO_SQUARES
30 minutes ago
Disjoint Pairs
MithsApprentice   41
N 34 minutes ago by NerdyNashville
Source: USAMO 1998
Suppose that the set $\{1,2,\cdots, 1998\}$ has been partitioned into disjoint pairs $\{a_i,b_i\}$ ($1\leq i\leq 999$) so that for all $i$, $|a_i-b_i|$ equals $1$ or $6$. Prove that the sum \[ |a_1-b_1|+|a_2-b_2|+\cdots +|a_{999}-b_{999}|  \] ends in the digit $9$.
41 replies
MithsApprentice
Oct 9, 2005
NerdyNashville
34 minutes ago
trolling geometry problem
iStud   4
N Yesterday at 3:11 AM by GreenTea2593
Source: Monthly Contest KTOM April P3 Essay
Given a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $BC<AD$ and $CD<AB$. Lines $BC$ and $AD$ intersect at $X$, and lines $CD$ and $AB$ intersect at $Y$. Let $E,F,G,H$ be the midpoints of sides $AB,BC,CD,DA$, respectively. Let $S$ and $T$ be points on segment $EG$ and $FH$, respectively, so that $XS$ is the angle bisector of $\angle{DXA}$ and $YT$ is the angle bisector of $\angle{DYA}$. Prove that $TS$ is parallel to $BD$ if and only if $AC$ divides $ABCD$ into two triangles with equal area.
4 replies
iStud
Monday at 9:28 PM
GreenTea2593
Yesterday at 3:11 AM
Equal distances between pairs of orthocenters in cyclic quad
Shu   2
N Apr 20, 2025 by Nari_Tom
Source: XVII Tuymaada Mathematical Olympiad (2010), Senior Level
In a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$, the extensions of sides $AB$ and $CD$ meet at point $P$, and the extensions of sides $AD$ and $BC$ meet at point $Q$. Prove that the distance between the orthocenters of triangles $APD$ and $AQB$ is equal to the distance between the orthocenters of triangles $CQD$ and $BPC$.
2 replies
Shu
Jul 31, 2011
Nari_Tom
Apr 20, 2025
NEPAL TST 2025 DAY 2
Tony_stark0094   9
N Apr 17, 2025 by hectorleo123
Consider an acute triangle $\Delta ABC$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the feet of the altitudes from $A$ to $BC$ and from $B$ to $AC$ respectively.

Define $D_1$ and $D_2$ as the reflections of $D$ across lines $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. Let $\Gamma$ be the circumcircle of $\Delta AD_1D_2$. Denote by $P$ the second intersection of line $D_1B$ with $\Gamma$, and by $Q$ the intersection of ray $EB$ with $\Gamma$.

If $O$ is the circumcenter of $\Delta ABC$, prove that $O$, $D$, and $Q$ are collinear if and only if quadrilateral $BCQP$ can be inscribed within a circle.

$\textbf{Proposed by Kritesh Dhakal, Nepal.}$
9 replies
Tony_stark0094
Apr 12, 2025
hectorleo123
Apr 17, 2025
Quad formed by orthocenters has same area (all 7's!)
v_Enhance   35
N Apr 16, 2025 by Wictro
Source: USA January TST for the 55th IMO 2014
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral, and let $E$, $F$, $G$, and $H$ be the midpoints of $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, and $DA$ respectively. Let $W$, $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ be the orthocenters of triangles $AHE$, $BEF$, $CFG$ and $DGH$, respectively. Prove that the quadrilaterals $ABCD$ and $WXYZ$ have the same area.
35 replies
v_Enhance
Apr 28, 2014
Wictro
Apr 16, 2025
Nice Quadrilateral Geo
amuthup   52
N Apr 14, 2025 by Frd_19_Hsnzde
Source: 2021 ISL G4
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle $\Omega.$ Let the tangent to $\Omega$ at $D$ meet rays $BA$ and $BC$ at $E$ and $F,$ respectively. A point $T$ is chosen inside $\triangle ABC$ so that $\overline{TE}\parallel\overline{CD}$ and $\overline{TF}\parallel\overline{AD}.$ Let $K\ne D$ be a point on segment $DF$ satisfying $TD=TK.$ Prove that lines $AC,DT,$ and $BK$ are concurrent.
52 replies
amuthup
Jul 12, 2022
Frd_19_Hsnzde
Apr 14, 2025
IMO Problem 4
iandrei   105
N Apr 13, 2025 by cj13609517288
Source: IMO ShortList 2003, geometry problem 1
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let $P$, $Q$, $R$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $D$ to the lines $BC$, $CA$, $AB$, respectively. Show that $PQ=QR$ if and only if the bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ADC$ are concurrent with $AC$.
105 replies
iandrei
Jul 14, 2003
cj13609517288
Apr 13, 2025
cyclic quadrilateral starting with right triangle
parmenides51   4
N Apr 12, 2025 by Rounak_iitr
Source: Australian MO 2015
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $ACB = 90^o$. The points $D$ and $Z$ lie on the side $AB$ such that $CD$ is perpendicular to $AB$ and $AC = AZ$. The line that bisects $BAC$ meets $CB$ and $CZ$ at $X$ and $Y$ , respectively. Prove that the quadrilateral $BXYD$ is cyclic.
4 replies
parmenides51
Sep 24, 2018
Rounak_iitr
Apr 12, 2025
H not needed
dchenmathcounts   46
N Apr 11, 2025 by endless_abyss
Source: USEMO 2019/1
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. A circle centered at $O$ passes through $B$ and $D$ and meets lines $BA$ and $BC$ again at points $E$ and $F$ (distinct from $A,B,C$). Let $H$ denote the orthocenter of triangle $DEF.$ Prove that if lines $AC,$ $DO,$ $EF$ are concurrent, then triangle $ABC$ and $EHF$ are similar.

Robin Son
46 replies
dchenmathcounts
May 23, 2020
endless_abyss
Apr 11, 2025
Diagonal of a pentagon that divides it into a triangle and a cyclic quadrilatera
EmersonSoriano   0
Apr 5, 2025
Source: 2017 Peru Southern Cone TST P1
We say that a diagonal of a convex pentagon is good if it divides the pentagon into a triangle and a circumscribable quadrilateral. What is the maximum number of good diagonals that a convex pentagon can have?

Clarification: A polygon is circumscribable if there is a circle tangent to each of its sides.
0 replies
EmersonSoriano
Apr 5, 2025
0 replies
The locus of P with supplementary angles condition
WakeUp   3
N Apr 4, 2025 by Nari_Tom
Source: Baltic Way 2001
Given a rhombus $ABCD$, find the locus of the points $P$ lying inside the rhombus and satisfying $\angle APD+\angle BPC=180^{\circ}$.
3 replies
WakeUp
Nov 17, 2010
Nari_Tom
Apr 4, 2025
VII Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2017 - Problem 6
math_roots   6
N Jun 26, 2024 by Thelink_20
Source: VII Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2017 - Problem 6
Let ABC be a scalene triangle. Consider points D, E, F on segments AB, BC, CA, respectively, such that $\overline{AF}$=$\overline{DF}$ and $\overline{BE}$=$\overline{DE}$.
Show that the circumcenter of ABC lies on the circumcircle of CEF.
6 replies
math_roots
Jul 29, 2017
Thelink_20
Jun 26, 2024
VII Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2017 - Problem 6
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G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: VII Lusophon Mathematical Olympiad 2017 - Problem 6
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math_roots
20 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by Davi-8191, Adventure10, Mango247
Let ABC be a scalene triangle. Consider points D, E, F on segments AB, BC, CA, respectively, such that $\overline{AF}$=$\overline{DF}$ and $\overline{BE}$=$\overline{DE}$.
Show that the circumcenter of ABC lies on the circumcircle of CEF.
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proglote
958 posts
#2 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Lemma: if r, s are rays starting from a point O and A, B are points moving on r, s respectively, then AB passes through a fixed point P (strictly between those rays) if and only if there exist positive constants u, v, w such that u/a + v/b = w.

Proof: If [AOB] denotes the area of triangle AOB, we have ab * 0.5 * sin(AOB) = [AOB] = [AOP] + [POB] = OP * (a * 0.5 * sin(AOP) + b * 0.5 * sin(BOP)). Divide both sides by 0.5 * ab to get the only if direction. For the if direction, note that we can easily find P by computing what sin(AOP) should be based on the previous equation.

A corollary by inversion is: (AOB) passes through a fixed point P' if and only if there exist positive constants u, v, w such that u*a + v*b = w.

Back to the main problem, note that CF * cos A + CE * cos B = CA * cos A + BC * cos B - AB/2 = constant > 0, so (CEF) indeed passes through a fixed point. Take D = A, B to easily conclude it must be the circumcenter of ABC.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by proglote, Jul 30, 2017, 12:56 AM
Reason: bad variable names
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Davi-8191
34 posts
#3 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6_high_school_olympiads
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Davi-8191
34 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Almost the same configuration
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math_roots
20 posts
#5 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Hey guys!

The main idea is to complete the diagram by adding the Miquel point of the quadrilateral $AFEB$.

Here is the solution:
Let D´ be the reflection of D over the line $EF$. Since $\angle{ADF}$ = $\angle{FAD}$ = $\angle{A}$, and $\angle{EDB}$ = $\angle{B}$ (analogously), then $\angle{EDF}$ = $\angle{C}$. So, by the reflection: $\angle{ED'F}$ = $\angle{C}$. We can conclude that D' lies on $(CEF)$. Again, the reflection also gives us that $D'E$ = $DE$ = $EB$. Then, E is the center of $(BDD')$. By this, we have:
$\angle{BD'D}$ = $\frac{1}{2}\angle{BED}$ = $90º$ - $\angle{B}$. Analogously: $\angle{CD'D}$ = $90º$ - $\angle{A}$. So: $\angle{BD'C}$ = $\angle{C}$ and D' must lie on $(ABC)$. (In fact, D' is the Miquel point of the quadrilateral $AFEB$). Noting that AD' is the radical axis of $(ABC)$ and $(DAD')$, we conclude that $OF$ is perpendicular to $AD'$. Analogously, $OE$ is perpendicular to $BD'$. Then: $\angle{EOF}$ = $180º$ - $\angle{AD'B}$ = $180º$ - $\angle{C}$ = $180º$ - $\angle{ED'F}$. As we want to show: O lies on $(CEF)$.
Attachments:
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trying_to_solve_br
191 posts
#6
Y by
Really good and nice problem! Mehhhhhhh
Let $\angle A=a,\angle B=b, \angle C=c,\angle GCA=x$

Let $G$ be the intersection of $(ABC)$ and $(CEF)$, notice that $O$ belongs to $(CEF) \Leftrightarrow \angle OGE=\angle OCE= \angle OCB = 90-a$, and $\angle OGE=\angle BGE- \angle OGB=b-x - (90-x-c) = 90-a$ iff $BE=EG$. So notice we just need to prove $\triangle FEG \equiv \triangle FED$, and since we already have a common side $FE$ and a common angle ($\angle FGE=\angle FCE=c=\angle FDE=180-\angle FDA-\angle EDB=180-a-b$, which is true). Then, we'll prove $\angle FED=x$ to conclude by SAA congruence.

To prove this we'll prove $\triangle FED\sim \triangle ABG$, but since $\angle EDF=\angle BGA$, I spent very much time on angle chase, but I couldn't do anything, then I thought: what if I tried the SAS similarity to prove it? Here it is:
We need
$\dfrac{DF}{DE}=\dfrac{AG}{BG} \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{AF}{BE}=\dfrac{AG}{BG} \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{BE}{BG}=\dfrac{AF}{AG}$, which is true because $G$ is the miquel point of $ABEF$, and there's a spiral similarity taking $BE \to AF$.

$Q.E.D$
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Thelink_20
66 posts
#8
Y by
Let $(ABC)$ be the unit circle.
$E\in BC\Rightarrow e+bc\bar{e}=b+c\Rightarrow\bar{e}=\frac{b+c-e}{bc}$
The midpoint of $BD$ lies on the perpendicular from $E$ to $AB$ $\Rightarrow a+b+e-ab\bar{e}=b+d\Rightarrow\bar{e}=\frac{a-d+e}{ab}$
Thus $\frac{b+c-e}{bc}=\frac{a-d+e}{ab}\Rightarrow e=\frac{ab+cd}{a+c}$
Analogously $f=\frac{ab+cd}{b+c}$. Also $D\in AB\Rightarrow \bar{d}=\frac{a+b-d}{ab}$

We have $\frac{e-o}{c-o}\cdot\frac{c-f}{e-f}=\frac{ab+cd}{c(a+c)}\cdot\frac{c^2+bc-ab-cd}{(b+c)(ab+cd)(\frac{1}{a+c}-\frac{1}{b+c})}=\frac{c^2+bc-ab-cd}{bc-ac}$

Thus $OECF$ is cyclyc $\iff$

$\iff \Bigl(\frac{c^2+bc-ab-cd}{bc-ac}\Bigr)=\overline{\Bigl(\frac{c^2+bc-ab-cd}{bc-ac}\Bigr)}\iff\Bigl(\frac{c^2+bc-ab-cd}{bc-ac}\Bigr)=\Bigl(\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{bc}-\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{a+b-d}{abc}}{\frac{1}{bc}-\frac{1}{ac}}\Bigr)\iff\frac{(a-b)}{abc}(c^2+bc-ab-cd)=c(b-a)\frac{(ab+ac-c^2-ac-bc+cd)}{abc^2}\iff c^2+bc-ab-cd=-ab-ac+ac+c^2+bc-cd\iff 0=0$

$Q.E.D.$ :wacko:
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Thelink_20, Aug 24, 2024, 6:37 PM
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