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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
pairwise coprime sum gcd
InterLoop   4
N 2 minutes ago by quantam13
Source: EGMO 2025/1
For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < \dots < c_m$ be all the positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \ge 3$ such that
$$\gcd(N, c_i + c_{i+1}) \neq 1$$for all $1 \le i \le m - 1$.
4 replies
+2 w
InterLoop
2 hours ago
quantam13
2 minutes ago
Problem 3
SlovEcience   3
N 3 minutes ago by SlovEcience
Find all real numbers \( k \) such that the following inequality holds for all \( a, b, c \geq 0 \):

\[
ab + bc + ca \leq \frac{(a + b + c)^2}{3} + k \cdot \max \{ (a - b)^2, (b - c)^2, (c - a)^2 \} \leq a^2 + b^2 + c^2
\]
3 replies
SlovEcience
Apr 9, 2025
SlovEcience
3 minutes ago
Hard number theory
truongngochieu   3
N 19 minutes ago by truongngochieu
Find all integers $a,b$ such that $a^2+a+1=7^b$
3 replies
truongngochieu
2 hours ago
truongngochieu
19 minutes ago
max |sin x|, |sin (x+1)| > 1/3
Miquel-point   1
N 21 minutes ago by Mathzeus1024
Source: Romanian IMO TST 1981, Day 2 P1
Show that for every real number $x$ we have
\[\max(|\sin x|,|\sin (x+1)|)>\frac13.\]
1 reply
Miquel-point
Apr 6, 2025
Mathzeus1024
21 minutes ago
one cyclic formed by two cyclic
CrazyInMath   4
N 32 minutes ago by bin_sherlo
Source: EGMO 2025/3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Points $B, D, E$, and $C$ lie on a line in this order and satisfy $BD = DE = EC$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AD$ and $AE$, respectively. Suppose triangle $ADE$ is acute, and let $H$ be its orthocentre. Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on lines $BM$ and $CN$, respectively, such that $D, H, M,$ and $P$ are concyclic and pairwise different, and $E, H, N,$ and $Q$ are concyclic and pairwise different. Prove that $P, Q, N,$ and $M$ are concyclic.
4 replies
+4 w
CrazyInMath
2 hours ago
bin_sherlo
32 minutes ago
Arithmetic means as terms of a sequence
Lukaluce   1
N 40 minutes ago by Tintarn
Source: EGMO 2025 P2
An infinite increasing sequence $a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < ...$ of positive integers is called central if for every positive integer $n$, the arithmetic mean of the first $a_n$ terms of the sequence is equal to $a_n$. Show that there exists an infinite sequence $b_1, b_2, b_3, ...$ of positive integers such that for every central sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3, ...$, there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ with $a_n = b_n$.
1 reply
Lukaluce
2 hours ago
Tintarn
40 minutes ago
maximum profit
Ecrin_eren   0
41 minutes ago
In a meeting attended by 20 businessmen, some of them know each other and do business only with the people they know. The participants are numbered from 1 to 20 according to the order in which they arrived. Let aₖ represent the number of people that person number k knows. (For example, if person 5 knows 9 people, then a₅ = 9.)

If person k knows person n, then the profit that k earns from doing business with n is:

(1 / aₖ) + (1 / aₙ) + (1 / (aₖ × aₙ))

What is the maximum total profit that any participant in this meeting can earn?
0 replies
Ecrin_eren
41 minutes ago
0 replies
GCD of sums of consecutive divisors
Lukaluce   2
N 41 minutes ago by Tintarn
Source: EGMO 2025 P1
For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < ... < c_m$ be all the positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \ge 3$ such that
\[gcd(N, c_i + c_{i + 1}) \neq 1\]for all $1 \le i \le m - 1$.
2 replies
Lukaluce
2 hours ago
Tintarn
41 minutes ago
AD=BE implies ABC right
v_Enhance   113
N 43 minutes ago by LeYohan
Source: European Girl's MO 2013, Problem 1
The side $BC$ of the triangle $ABC$ is extended beyond $C$ to $D$ so that $CD = BC$. The side $CA$ is extended beyond $A$ to $E$ so that $AE = 2CA$. Prove that, if $AD=BE$, then the triangle $ABC$ is right-angled.
113 replies
v_Enhance
Apr 10, 2013
LeYohan
43 minutes ago
Classic 3 variable inequality
AndreiVila   4
N 44 minutes ago by Rohit-2006
Source: Mathematical Minds 2024 P4
Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a+b+c=3$. Prove that $$\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3+c^3}{2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3+a^3}{2}}\leqslant a^2+b^2+c^2.$$
Proposed by Andrei Vila
4 replies
1 viewing
AndreiVila
Sep 29, 2024
Rohit-2006
44 minutes ago
Inequalities
hn111009   0
an hour ago
Source: Maybe anywhere?
Let $a,b,c>0;r,s\in\mathbb{R}$ satisfied $a+b+c=1.$ Find minimum and maximum of $$P=a^rb^s+b^rc^s+c^ra^s.$$
0 replies
hn111009
an hour ago
0 replies
sequence infinitely similar to central sequence
InterLoop   1
N an hour ago by stmmniko
Source: EGMO 2025/2
An infinite increasing sequence $a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \dots$ of positive integers is called central if for every positive integer $n$, the arithmetic mean of the first $a_n$ terms of the sequence is equal to $a_n$.

Show that there exists an infinite sequence $b_1$, $b_2$, $b_3$, $\dots$ of positive integers such that for every central sequence $a_1$, $a_2$, $a_3$, $\dots$, there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ with $a_n = b_n$.
1 reply
+3 w
InterLoop
2 hours ago
stmmniko
an hour ago
Three concyclic quadrilaterals
Lukaluce   1
N an hour ago by InterLoop
Source: EGMO 2025 P3
Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Points $B, D, E,$ and $C$ lie on a line in this order and satisfy $BD = DE = EC$. Let $M$ and $N$ be midpoints of $AD$ and $AE$, respectively. Suppose triangle $ADE$ is acute, and let $H$ be its orthocentre. Points $P$ and $Q$ lie on lines $BM$ and $CN$, respectively, such that $D, H, M,$ and $P$ are concyclic and pairwise different, and $E, H, N,$ and $Q$ are concyclic and pairwise different. Prove that $P, Q, N,$ and $M$ are concyclic. $\newline$
The orthocentre of a triangle is the point of intersection of its altitudes.
1 reply
Lukaluce
2 hours ago
InterLoop
an hour ago
inqualities
pennypc123456789   0
an hour ago
Given positive real numbers \( x \) and \( y \). Prove that:
\[
\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + 2 \sqrt{\frac{2}{x^2 + y^2}} + 4 \geq 4 \left( \sqrt{\frac{2}{x^2 + 1}} + \sqrt{\frac{2}{y^2 + 1}} \right).
\]
0 replies
pennypc123456789
an hour ago
0 replies
Easy Geometry (Again)
rkm0959   11
N Nov 23, 2021 by Mogmog8
Source: 2017 KMO Problem 3
Let there be a scalene triangle $ABC$, and its incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P, Q$, where $P$ is on the same side with $A$ with respect to $BC$. Let the line parallel to $AQ$ and passing through $D$ meet $EF$ at $R$. Prove that the intersection between $EF$ and $PQ$ lies on the circumcircle of $BCR$.
11 replies
rkm0959
Nov 12, 2017
Mogmog8
Nov 23, 2021
Easy Geometry (Again)
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: 2017 KMO Problem 3
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rkm0959
1721 posts
#1 • 5 Y
Y by CZRorz, tenplusten, HoRI_DA_GRe8, samrocksnature, Adventure10
Let there be a scalene triangle $ABC$, and its incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P, Q$, where $P$ is on the same side with $A$ with respect to $BC$. Let the line parallel to $AQ$ and passing through $D$ meet $EF$ at $R$. Prove that the intersection between $EF$ and $PQ$ lies on the circumcircle of $BCR$.
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MarkBcc168
1594 posts
#2 • 4 Y
Y by tenplusten, Pluto1708, Adventure10, Mango247
Let $K=EF\cap PQ$. Obviously $A, I, Q$ are colinear where $I$ is the incenter. This implies that $DR\perp EF$ and $DRKM$ is cyclic.

Now let $T=EF\cap BC$. Then $TR\cdot TK=TD\cdot TM$ and it suffices to show that $TB\cdot TC = TD\cdot TM$. To do that, let $\Delta DB_1C_1$ be the orthic triangle of $\Delta BIC$. Recall that $B_1, C_1\in EF$ (Iran) and quadrilaterals $BB_1C_1C$ and $B_1C_1DM$ are cyclic. Hence $TB\cdot TC=TB_1\cdot TC_1=TD\cdot TM$ as desired.
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rkm0959
1721 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
To show $TB \cdot TC = TD \cdot TM$, just notice the harmonic bundle.
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MarkBcc168
1594 posts
#4 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Oops, I am a bit hasty :blush: . Note that $(B,C;D,T)=-1$, therefore $MD\cdot MT=MB^2$ hence
$$TD\cdot TM = TM^2-MD\cdot MT = (TM+MB)\cdot(TM-MB)=TB\cdot TC$$as desired.
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anantmudgal09
1979 posts
#5 • 3 Y
Y by vsathiam, HoRI_DA_GRe8, Adventure10
It is clear that $\overline{DR} \perp \overline{EF}$. Now we just need $\overline{EF}$ to be the external bisector of $\angle BRC$; however that follows since $(B,C,D, \overline{EF} \cap \overline{BC})=-1$.
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PARISsaintGERMAIN
246 posts
#6 • 3 Y
Y by benstein, vsathiam, Adventure10
Always sad that Korean geo problems are much easier than US ones.
Also sad that I cannot take KMO anymore since I moved to the US.

I tried this problem and it was really easy to prove by length bash. Not even a bash.

Outline: Let $X=PQ\cap EF, Y=EF\cap PQ.$

WTS: $YR\cdot YX=YB\cdot YC$

Since $(R,D,M,X)$ is cyclic where $M$ is the midpoint of the $BC,$ we want to prove that $YM\cdot YD=YB\cdot YC.$

Let $BC=a, CA=b, AB=c.$ Then by Menelaus on $\triangle ABC$ and line $YRX$, we get $YB=\frac{a(c+a-b)}{2(b-c)}.$

$\Leftrightarrow YD\cdot YM=YB YC$
$\Leftrightarrow (YB+BD)(YC-CM)=YB\cdot YC$
$\Leftrightarrow BD\cdot YC=YB\cdot CM+ BD\cdot CM$
$\Leftrightarrow BD(YB+YC)=YB\cdot CM+ BD\cdot CM$
$\Leftrightarrow BD\cdot BC=YB(CM-BD)+ BD\cdot CM$
$\Leftrightarrow BD\cdot BC=YB\cdot DM+ BD\cdot BM$
$\Leftrightarrow BD\cdot BM=YB\cdot DM$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{(c+a-b)}{2}\cdot \frac{a}{2}=\frac{a(c+a-b)}{2(b-c)}\cdot \frac{b-c}{2}$

And we are done.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by PARISsaintGERMAIN, Nov 12, 2017, 7:26 PM
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MeineMeinung
68 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Without Projective
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by MeineMeinung, Nov 13, 2017, 5:39 AM
Reason: Changing some terms
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omarius
91 posts
#8 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Lemma 9.17 EGMO kills it
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e_plus_pi
756 posts
#9 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Sweet problem :)
rkm0959 wrote:
Let there be a scalene triangle $ABC$, and its incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P, Q$, where $P$ is on the same side with $A$ with respect to $BC$. Let the line parallel to $AQ$ and passing through $D$ meet $EF$ at $R$. Prove that the intersection between $EF$ and $PQ$ lies on the circumcircle of $BCR$.

Denote $\odot (BCR)$ by $\Omega$. Also, let $T = \overline{RD} \cap \Omega$.Consider the following claim:
Lemma: $T$ is the mid-point of arc $\widehat{BC}$ of $\Omega$ not containing $R$.
Proof: Let $\overline{EF} \cap \overline{BC} = K$. Then it is obvious that $(KD;BC) = -1$. Also the given condition $\overline{DR} \parallel \overline{AQ} \implies \overline{DR} \perp \overline{EF}$. Now both these combined imply that $\overline{DT}$ is the internal angle bisector of $\angle BRC \iff T$ is the mid-point of arc $\widehat{BC}$ of $\Omega$ not containing $R$.
$  $
Hence, $TB = TC \implies T \in \overline{PQ}$. Now $\angle SRT = 90^{\circ} \implies S$ is the antipode of $T$ wrt $\Omega$.
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amar_04
1915 posts
#10 • 4 Y
Y by GeoMetrix, Kamran011, strawberry_circle, Adventure10
As this is my first solve after 2020 , so I'll post my solution even if it is same as others. :P
2017 KJMO P3 wrote:
Let there be a scalene triangle $ABC$, and its incircle hits $BC, CA, AB$ at $D, E, F$. The perpendicular bisector of $BC$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $P, Q$, where $P$ is on the same side with $A$ with respect to $BC$. Let the line parallel to $AQ$ and passing through $D$ meet $EF$ at $R$. Prove that the intersection between $EF$ and $PQ$ lies on the circumcircle of $BCR$.

Note that $AD,BE,CF$ are concurrent at the Gregonne Point of $\triangle ABC$. Hence, if $EF\cap BC=K$. Then $(K.D;B,C)=-1$. Let $EF\cap PQ=T$ also notice that $PQ$ bisects $BC$ let $PQ\cap BC=M$. Also $\overline{A-I-Q}$ where $I$ is the incenter of $\triangle ABC$. So, $\angle DRT=90^\circ$. So Combining Maclaurin and PoP we get that $$KB.KC=KD.KM=KR.KT\implies T=EF\cap PQ\in\odot(BCR).\blacksquare$$
This post has been edited 6 times. Last edited by amar_04, Dec 31, 2019, 8:35 PM
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Kamran011
678 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by amar_04, Adventure10, Mango247
It's still 2019 in Azerbaijan ! :D And it's about 15-20 minutes left to $\text{2020}$ , so I hurry up :D
(Sorry for having a similar solution , HnY :) )

Let $T$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and let $PQ\cap{EF}=X$
$EF\cap{BC}=Z$
$(\xi)$ $ZD.ZT=ZB.ZC$
Proof
Also clearly $Q$ is the midpoint of the arc $\overarc{BC}$ , so $\overline{A-I-Q}$
And $AQ\perp{EF}$ , thus $DR\perp{EF}\rightarrow{DRXT}$ is cyclic .

$\text{PoP}\rightarrow{ZD.ZT=ZR.ZX}$ $(\omega)$
Combining $(\xi)$ and $(\omega)$
$ZR.ZX=ZB.ZC$ $\blacksquare$
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by Kamran011, Jan 1, 2020, 6:52 AM
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Mogmog8
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#12 • 1 Y
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Let $M$ be the midpoint of $\overline{BC},$ and $X,Y,$ and $Z$ the intersection of $\overline{EF}$ with $\overline{PQ},\overline{BC},$ and $\overline{AQ},$ respectively. Notice that $\triangle AFZ\cong\triangle AEZ$ so $$\measuredangle XMD=90=\measuredangle RZQ=\measuredangle XRD$$and $XRDM$ is cyclic. By the Midpoint Lengths Lemma and Power of a Point, $$YB\cdot YC=YD\cdot YM=YR\cdot YX$$and $BRXC$ is cyclic. $\square$
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This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by Mogmog8, Nov 23, 2021, 11:06 PM
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