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k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

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[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
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jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
The last nonzero digit of factorials
Tintarn   4
N 5 minutes ago by Sadigly
Source: Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik 2025, Round 1 - Problem 2
For each integer $n \ge 2$ we consider the last digit different from zero in the decimal expansion of $n!$. The infinite sequence of these digits starts with $2,6,4,2,2$. Determine all digits which occur at least once in this sequence, and show that each of those digits occurs in fact infinitely often.
4 replies
Tintarn
Mar 17, 2025
Sadigly
5 minutes ago
P2 Geo that most of contestants died
AlephG_64   2
N 8 minutes ago by Tsikaloudakis
Source: 2025 Finals Portuguese Mathematical Olympiad P2
Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral such that $\angle A$ and $\angle D$ are acute and $\overline{AB} = \overline{BC} = \overline{CD}$. Suppose that $\angle BDA = 30^\circ$, prove that $\angle DAC= 30^\circ$.
2 replies
AlephG_64
Yesterday at 1:23 PM
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8 minutes ago
Beautiful problem
luutrongphuc   3
N 8 minutes ago by aidenkim119
Let triangle $ABC$ be circumscribed about circle $(I)$, and let $H$ be the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. The circle $(I)$ touches line $BC$ at $D$. The tangent to the circle $(BHC)$ at $H$ meets $BC$ at $S$. Let $J$ be the midpoint of $HI$, and let the line $DJ$ meet $(I)$ again at $X$. The tangent to $(I)$ parallel to $BC$ meets the line $AX$ at $T$. Prove that $ST$ is tangent to $(I)$.
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luutrongphuc
Apr 4, 2025
aidenkim119
8 minutes ago
Collinearity with orthocenter
Retemoeg   6
N 10 minutes ago by aidenkim119
Source: Own?
Given scalene triangle $ABC$ with circumcenter $(O)$. Let $H$ be a point on $(BOC)$ such that $\angle AOH = 90^{\circ}$. Denote $N$ the point on $(O)$ satisfying $AN \parallel BC$. If $L$ is the projection of $H$ onto $BC$, show that $LN$ passes through the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$.
6 replies
Retemoeg
Mar 30, 2025
aidenkim119
10 minutes ago
Geometry
youochange   0
11 minutes ago
m:}
Let $\triangle ABC$ be a triangle inscribed in a circle, where the tangents to the circle at points $B$ and $C$ intersect at the point $P$. Let $M$ be a point on the arc $AC$ (not containing $B$) such that $M \neq A$ and $M \neq C$. Let the lines $BC$ and $AM$ intersect at point $K$. Let $P'$ be the reflection of $P$ with respect to the line $AM$. The lines $AP'$ and $PM$ intersect at point $Q$, and $PM$ intersects the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ again at point $N$.

Prove that the point $Q$ lies on the circumcircle of $\triangle ANK$.
0 replies
youochange
11 minutes ago
0 replies
comp. geo starting with a 90-75-15 triangle. <APB =<CPQ, <BQA =<CQP.
parmenides51   1
N 20 minutes ago by Mathzeus1024
Source: 2013 Cuba 2.9
Let ABC be a triangle with $\angle A = 90^o$, $\angle B = 75^o$, and $AB = 2$. Points $P$ and $Q$ of the sides $AC$ and $BC$ respectively, are such that $\angle APB =  \angle CPQ$ and $\angle BQA = \angle CQP$. Calculate the lenght of $QA$.
1 reply
parmenides51
Sep 20, 2024
Mathzeus1024
20 minutes ago
Fridolin just can't get enough from jumping on the number line
Tintarn   2
N 27 minutes ago by Sadigly
Source: Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik 2025, Round 1 - Problem 1
Fridolin the frog jumps on the number line: He starts at $0$, then jumps in some order on each of the numbers $1,2,\dots,9$ exactly once and finally returns with his last jump to $0$. Can the total distance he travelled with these $10$ jumps be a) $20$, b) $25$?
2 replies
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Sadigly
27 minutes ago
Geometry
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N 35 minutes ago by MrdiuryPeter
Source: Own
Let $D$ be any point on side $BC$ of $\triangle ABC$ .Let $E$ and $F$ be points on $AB$ and $AC$ such that $EB=ED$ and $FD=FC$ respectively. Prove that the locus of circumcenter of $(DEF)$ is a line.
Prove without using moving points :D
2 replies
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3 hours ago
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35 minutes ago
inequality ( 4 var
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N 37 minutes ago by SunnyEvan
Let $ a,b,c,d \in R $ , such that $ a+b+c+d=4 . $ Prove that :
$$ a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4+3 \geq \frac{7}{4}(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3) $$$$ a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4+ \frac{252}{25} \geq \frac{88}{25}(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3) $$equality cases : ?
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Find the constant
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N an hour ago by Quantum-Phantom
Source: unknown
Find all $k$ such that $$\left(a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}-3abc\right)^{2}-\left[a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}+3abc-ab(a+b)-bc(b+c)-ca(c+a)\right]^{2}\ge 2k\cdot(a-b)^{2}(b-c)^{2}(c-a)^{2}$$forall $a,b,c\ge 0.$
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2025 - Turkmenistan National Math Olympiad
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N an hour ago by NODIRKHON_UZ
Source: Turkmenistan Math Olympiad - 2025
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problem
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an hour ago
9x9 board
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N an hour ago by lightsynth123
Source: Singapore MO 2011 open round 2 Q2
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an hour ago
Triangles with equal areas
socrates   11
N 2 hours ago by Nari_Tom
Source: Baltic Way 2014, Problem 13
Let $ABCD$ be a square inscribed in a circle $\omega$ and let $P$ be a point on the shorter arc $AB$ of $\omega$. Let $CP\cap BD = R$ and $DP \cap  AC = S.$
Show that triangles $ARB$ and $DSR$ have equal areas.
11 replies
socrates
Nov 11, 2014
Nari_Tom
2 hours ago
Angle chasing yet again
TheDarkPrince   13
N Sep 17, 2024 by balllightning37
Source: RMO 2018 P5
In a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ with circumcenter $O$, the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $X$. Let the circumcircles of triangles $AXD$ and $BXC$ intersect at $Y$. Let the circumcircles of triangles $AXB$ and $CXD$ intersect at $Z$. If $O$ lies inside $ABCD$ and if the points $O,X,Y,Z$ are all distinct, prove that $O,X,Y,Z$ lie on a circle.
13 replies
TheDarkPrince
Oct 28, 2018
balllightning37
Sep 17, 2024
Angle chasing yet again
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: RMO 2018 P5
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TheDarkPrince
3042 posts
#1 • 4 Y
Y by Maths_Guy, Adventure10, Mango247, Rounak_iitr
In a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$ with circumcenter $O$, the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $X$. Let the circumcircles of triangles $AXD$ and $BXC$ intersect at $Y$. Let the circumcircles of triangles $AXB$ and $CXD$ intersect at $Z$. If $O$ lies inside $ABCD$ and if the points $O,X,Y,Z$ are all distinct, prove that $O,X,Y,Z$ lie on a circle.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by TheDarkPrince, Oct 29, 2018, 3:56 PM
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leon.tyumen
183 posts
#2 • 3 Y
Y by Maths_Guy, Adventure10, Mango247
Since $OA=OC$, $OB=OD$, we can say that $O$ - "two bicyclist point" for circles $(BXC)$ and $(AXD)$, then, $\angle OYX=90$. Similary we can say, that $\angle OZX=90$, and points $O, X, Y, Z$ lie on a circle. QED
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TheDarkPrince
3042 posts
#4 • 4 Y
Y by Maths_Guy, dram, Adventure10, Mango247
Solution:

Claim. $A,D,O,Z$ are concyclic.
(Proof) $\angle AZX = \angle ABX = \angle ACD=\angle XZD$. Thus $\angle AZD = 2\angle ABD = \angle AOD$.

Main problem: As $AO = DO$ and $XZ$ is the angle bisector of $\angle AZD$, from the claim $\angle OZX = 90^{\circ}$. Similarly $\angle OYX = 90^{\circ}$ and we are done.
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mathetillica
333 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
actually it must be $\Delta CXD$ in place of $\Delta BXD$
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AlastorMoody
2125 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
An Overkill
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by AlastorMoody, Jan 10, 2019, 7:42 PM
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415122
39 posts
#7 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Can anyone plz make figure?
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amar_04
1915 posts
#9 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
leon.tyumen wrote:
Since $OA=OC$, $OB=OD$, we can say that $O$ - "two bicyclist point" for circles $(BXC)$ and $(AXD)$, then, $\angle OYX=90$. Similary we can say, that $\angle OZX=90$, and points $O, X, Y, Z$ lie on a circle. QED

What is byclist point and why is $\angle OYX=90$ and $\angle OZX=90$.

Also
TheDarkPrince wrote:
Solution:
Main problem: As $AO = DO$ and $XZ$ is the angle bisector of $\angle AZD$, from the claim $\angle OZX = 90^{\circ}$. Similarly $\angle OYX = 90^{\circ}$ and we are done.

How did he get $\angle OZX=90^\circ$ can anyone please explain.
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char2539
399 posts
#10 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Trivial.
Just note that $Y$ and $Z$ are the miquel points of $ABCD$.Since $ABCD$ is cyclic we get $\angle OYX = \angle OZX=90^{\circ}$.Hence the result follows.
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zuss77
520 posts
#11 • 3 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, Adventure10, Mango247
It Kazakhstan 2001.
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pkrmath2004
39 posts
#12 • 3 Y
Y by AlastorMoody, Adventure10, Mango247
China Mathematical Olympiad 1992
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Pluto04
797 posts
#13 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
pkrmath2004 wrote:
China Mathematical Olympiad 1992
Yes indeed.
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h556271p3233203
For reference.
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lifeismathematics
1188 posts
#14
Y by
very nice problem!

Claim 1:- points $O,Y,A,B$ are concyclic

Proof:-

we join $XY$ to get:

$\angle{AYB}=360^{\circ}-(\angle{XYA}+\angle{XYB})$

$=\angle{ADB}+\angle{ACB}$

$=2\angle{ADB}$

$=\angle{AOB}$

so we get that points $O,Y,A,B$ are concyclic $\blacksquare$

Claim 2:- Points $C,Z,O,B$ are concylic

Proof:- $\angle{BZC}=\angle{BZX}+\angle{CZX}$

$=\angle{XAB}+\angle{XDC}$

$=2\angle{CAB}$

$=\angle{BOC}$ , hence we get points $C,Z,O,B$ are concyclic $\blacksquare$

Claim 3:- $\angle{XYO}=90^{\circ}$

Proof:- $\angle{XYO}=\angle{XYA}-\angle{OYA}$

$=180^{\circ}-\frac{\angle{AOB}}{2}-\left(90^{\circ}-\frac{\angle{AOB}}{2}\right)$

$=90^{\circ}$ $\blacksquare$

similarly using Claim 2 we can prove that $\angle{XZO}=90^{\circ}$ hence we get that points $O,X,Y,Z$ lie on a circle $\blacksquare$
Attachments:
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Jishnu4414l
154 posts
#15
Y by
Cute problem!
Claim 1: Points $Z$,$B$,$C$,$O$ are concyclic.
Proof: Notice that $\angle BZX=\angle XZC=180^{\circ}-\angle BAC$. This gives $\angle BZC=2\angle BAC=\angle BOC$, and we are done!
By symmetry, we have that points $B$,$O$,$Y$, $D$ are concyclic.
Claim 2: $\angle OZX=90^{\circ}$
Proof: $\angle BZO=180^{\circ}-\angle OCB= 90^{\circ}+\angle BAC$. This gives $\angle OZX=90^{\circ}$, and we are done! By symmetry, $\angle OYX=90^{\circ}$ as well, giving that $O$, $X$, $Y$, $Z$ lie on a circle.
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balllightning37
382 posts
#16
Y by
Inner Miquel Points !?!??!!!
Invert about the circumcircle. It is well known that $X$ goes to the Miquel point of $ABCD$. $Y$ and $Z$ then go to $AB\cap CD$ and $AD \cap BC$, which are collinear with the Miquel point.
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