Stay ahead of learning milestones! Enroll in a class over the summer!

G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
k a April Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Apr 2, 2025
Spring is in full swing and summer is right around the corner, what are your plans? At AoPS Online our schedule has new classes starting now through July, so be sure to keep your skills sharp and be prepared for the Fall school year! Check out the schedule of upcoming classes below.

WOOT early bird pricing is in effect, don’t miss out! If you took MathWOOT Level 2 last year, no worries, it is all new problems this year! Our Worldwide Online Olympiad Training program is for high school level competitors. AoPS designed these courses to help our top students get the deep focus they need to succeed in their specific competition goals. Check out the details at this link for all our WOOT programs in math, computer science, chemistry, and physics.

Looking for summer camps in math and language arts? Be sure to check out the video-based summer camps offered at the Virtual Campus that are 2- to 4-weeks in duration. There are middle and high school competition math camps as well as Math Beasts camps that review key topics coupled with fun explorations covering areas such as graph theory (Math Beasts Camp 6), cryptography (Math Beasts Camp 7-8), and topology (Math Beasts Camp 8-9)!

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]April 3rd (Webinar), 4pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learning with AoPS: Perspectives from a Parent, Math Camp Instructor, and University Professor
[*]April 8th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS State Discussion
April 9th (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Learn about Video-based Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus
[*]April 10th (Math Jam), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MathILy and MathILy-Er Math Jam: Multibackwards Numbers
[*]April 22nd (Webinar), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Competitive Programming at AoPS (USACO).[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21

Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!


MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Apr 2, 2025
0 replies
Find the maxium of the following expression
GeoMorocco   0
a minute ago
Source: inspired from the AOPS
Let $a,b,c \geq -2$ such that $a^2+b^2+c^2 \leq 5$. Find the maximum::
$$ \frac{1}{16+a^3}+\frac{1}{16+b^3}+\frac{1}{16+c^3}$$
0 replies
GeoMorocco
a minute ago
0 replies
Inspired by prof.
sqing   3
N 2 minutes ago by sqing
Source: Own
Let $ a,b,c>0 $ and $abc=1. $ Prove that$$ \frac{2(k+2)}{3}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\geq a+kb+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{k}{b}+\frac{1}{c} $$Where $ k\geq 0. $
$$ \frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\geq a+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c} $$$$ \frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\geq a+2b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c} $$
3 replies
1 viewing
sqing
32 minutes ago
sqing
2 minutes ago
Pls help
TheHimMan   1
N 5 minutes ago by Anto0110
Source: Olympiad combinatorics, pranav sriram
2008 white stones and 1 black stone are in a row.
A move consists of selecting one black stone and change the color of its neighboring stone(s).The goal is to make all stones black after a finite number of moves. Find all possible initial positions of the black stone for which this is possible.
1 reply
TheHimMan
Feb 21, 2025
Anto0110
5 minutes ago
Math question involving chess
kjhgyuio   0
7 minutes ago
........
0 replies
kjhgyuio
7 minutes ago
0 replies
Combinatorics
AlexCenteno2007   5
N 5 hours ago by AlexCenteno2007
In how many ways can 8 white rooks be placed on an 8x8 chessboard such that the main diagonal of the board is not occupied?
5 replies
AlexCenteno2007
Yesterday at 5:15 PM
AlexCenteno2007
5 hours ago
Geometry
AlexCenteno2007   0
5 hours ago
Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB equal to AC, and M the midpoint of side BC. Consider a point E outside the triangle such that the distance BE is equal to BM, and the distance CE is equal to CL, where L is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of segment AB with the circumcircle of triangle AMB, on the same side as A with respect to BE. Point F is the intersection of the perpendicular bisector of segment AB with the circumcircle of triangle AMB. Show that angle FME is equal to 90°
0 replies
AlexCenteno2007
5 hours ago
0 replies
interesting FE
Soupboy0   5
N Today at 2:24 AM by Kempu33334
Find all functions $f(x):\mathbb{R}\neq0 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x^2)=[f(x)]^2-2$
5 replies
Soupboy0
Yesterday at 7:36 PM
Kempu33334
Today at 2:24 AM
Geometry
AlexCenteno2007   4
N Today at 2:04 AM by AlexCenteno2007
Let DYC be the circumscribed circle of triangle DYC. Three tangent lines are drawn through D, Y and C, such that the lines passing through D and Y are perpendicular at A. Let B be the intersection of the tangent of Y and C. DX is drawn in such a way that AX = BY. Show that angle XDA = angle CDY.
4 replies
AlexCenteno2007
Yesterday at 5:26 PM
AlexCenteno2007
Today at 2:04 AM
hard number theory
eric201291   1
N Today at 12:50 AM by Kempu33334
Prove:There are no integers x, y, that y^2+9998587980=x^3.
1 reply
eric201291
Yesterday at 2:17 PM
Kempu33334
Today at 12:50 AM
Solve an equation
lgx57   3
N Today at 12:41 AM by Kempu33334
Find all positive integers $n$ and $x$ such that:
$$2^{2n+1}-7=x^2$$
3 replies
lgx57
Mar 12, 2025
Kempu33334
Today at 12:41 AM
Stylish Numbers
pedronis   2
N Yesterday at 7:25 PM by pedronis
A positive even integer $n$ is called stylish if the set $\{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ can be partitioned into $\frac{n}{2}$ pairs such that the sum of the elements in each pair is a power of $3$. For example, $6$ is stylish because the set $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$ can be partitioned as $\{1,2\}, \{3,6\}, \{4,5\}$, with sums $3$, $9$, and $9$ respectively. Determine the number of stylish numbers less than $3^{2025}$.
2 replies
pedronis
Apr 13, 2025
pedronis
Yesterday at 7:25 PM
how many quadrilaterals ?
Ecrin_eren   8
N Yesterday at 5:27 PM by mathprodigy2011
"All the diagonals of an 11-gon are drawn. How many quadrilaterals can be formed using these diagonals as sides? (The vertices of the quadrilaterals are selected from the vertices of the 11-gon.)"
8 replies
Ecrin_eren
Apr 13, 2025
mathprodigy2011
Yesterday at 5:27 PM
Range of function
girishpimoli   3
N Yesterday at 4:13 PM by rchokler
Range of function $\displaystyle f(x)=\frac{e^{2x}-e^{x}+1}{e^{2x}+e^{x}+1}$
3 replies
girishpimoli
Yesterday at 11:51 AM
rchokler
Yesterday at 4:13 PM
Indonesia Regional MO 2019 Part A
parmenides51   17
N Yesterday at 2:42 PM by Rohit-2006
Indonesia Regional MO
Year 2019 Part A

Time: 90 minutes Rules


p1. In the bag there are $7$ red balls and $8$ white balls. Audi took two balls at once from inside the bag. The chance of taking two balls of the same color is ...


p2. Given a regular hexagon with a side length of $1$ unit. The area of the hexagon is ...


p3. It is known that $r, s$ and $1$ are the roots of the cubic equation $x^3 - 2x + c = 0$. The value of $(r-s)^2$ is ...


p4. The number of pairs of natural numbers $(m, n)$ so that $GCD(n,m) = 2$ and $LCM(m,n) = 1000$ is ...


p5. A data with four real numbers $2n-4$, $2n-6$, $n^2-8$, $3n^2-6$ has an average of $0$ and a median of $9/2$. The largest number of such data is ...


p6. Suppose $a, b, c, d$ are integers greater than $2019$ which are four consecutive quarters of an arithmetic row with $a <b <c <d$. If $a$ and $d$ are squares of two consecutive natural numbers, then the smallest value of $c-b$ is ...


p7. Given a triangle $ABC$, with $AB = 6$, $AC = 8$ and $BC = 10$. The points $D$ and $E$ lies on the line segment $BC$. with $BD = 2$ and $CE = 4$. The measure of the angle $\angle DAE$ is ...


p8. Sequqnce of real numbers $a_1,a_2,a_3,...$ meet $\frac{na_1+(n-1)a_2+...+2a_{n-1}+a_n}{n^2}=1$ for each natural number $n$. The value of $a_1a_2a_3...a_{2019}$ is ....


p9. The number of ways to select four numbers from $\{1,2,3, ..., 15\}$ provided that the difference of any two numbers at least $3$ is ...


p10. Pairs of natural numbers $(m , n)$ which satisfies $$m^2n+mn^2 +m^2+2mn = 2018m + 2019n + 2019$$are as many as ...


p11. Given a triangle $ABC$ with $\angle ABC =135^o$ and $BC> AB$. Point $D$ lies on the side $BC$ so that $AB=CD$. Suppose $F$ is a point on the side extension $AB$ so that $DF$ is perpendicular to $AB$. The point $E$ lies on the ray $DF$ such that $DE> DF$ and $\angle ACE = 45^o$. The large angle $\angle AEC$ is ...


p12. The set of $S$ consists of $n$ integers with the following properties: For every three different members of $S$ there are two of them whose sum is a member of $S$. The largest value of $n$ is ....


p13. The minimum value of $\frac{a^2+2b^2+\sqrt2}{\sqrt{ab}}$ with $a, b$ positive reals is ....


p14. The polynomial P satisfies the equation $P (x^2) = x^{2019} (x+ 1) P (x)$ with $P (1/2)= -1$ is ....


p15. Look at a chessboard measuring $19 \times 19$ square units. Two plots are said to be neighbors if they both have one side in common. Initially, there are a total of $k$ coins on the chessboard where each coin is only loaded exactly on one square and each square can contain coins or blanks. At each turn. You must select exactly one plot that holds the minimum number of coins in the number of neighbors of the plot and then you must give exactly one coin to each neighbor of the selected plot. The game ends if you are no longer able to select squares with the intended conditions. The smallest number of $k$ so that the game never ends for any initial square selection is ....
17 replies
parmenides51
Nov 11, 2021
Rohit-2006
Yesterday at 2:42 PM
9x9 board
oneplusone   7
N Feb 3, 2019 by enthusiast101
Source: Singapore MO 2011 open round 2 Q2
If 46 squares are colored red in a $9\times 9$ board, show that there is a $2\times 2$ block on the board in which at least 3 of the squares are colored red.
7 replies
oneplusone
Jul 2, 2011
enthusiast101
Feb 3, 2019
9x9 board
G H J
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: Singapore MO 2011 open round 2 Q2
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
oneplusone
1459 posts
#1 • 3 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247, and 1 other user
If 46 squares are colored red in a $9\times 9$ board, show that there is a $2\times 2$ block on the board in which at least 3 of the squares are colored red.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
yunxiu
571 posts
#2 • 8 Y
Y by math-sina, Adventure10, and 6 other users
If there are at most $2$ red squares in each $2 \times 2$. Then there are at most $5+20\times 2=45$ red squares in $9 \times 9$.
Attachments:
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
jatin
547 posts
#3 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
Nice proof, yunxiu. By the way, this is India 2006.

An extension:

Let $k$ squares of a $9\times 9$ board be colored red. This colouring will be called a k - saturation if and only if coloring any one of the remaining squares red will result in a $2\times 2$ block of $4$ squares at least $3$ of which are red. Find the least $k$ such that a k - saturation exists.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
yunxiu
571 posts
#4 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
oneplusone wrote:
If 46 squares are colored red in a $9\times 9$ board, show that there is a $2\times 2$ block on the board in which at least 3 of the squares are colored red.

$46$ is the best.
Attachments:
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
SMOJ
2663 posts
#5 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
By pigeonhole, we have $16$ red in some $3\times 9$ board . Suppose otherwise. Note that we cannot have more than $3$ red squares in every $2$ adjacent columns. Since we have $9$ columns, we can have at most $15$ red squares. Contradiction.

My method wont work for prime-sided boards
This post has been edited 2 times. Last edited by SMOJ, Jun 24, 2015, 3:29 AM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
adamz
323 posts
#6 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
General result on my blog:
http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c80912h1102321_a_cool_chessboard_problem
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
SMOJ
2663 posts
#7 • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
I realised the mistake in my above proof: we can have
$RR$
$WW$
$RR$
so that reasoning does not work.

Here is my new proof:
We will prove by contradiction.
Lemma
In any $2\times 9$, we cannot have $10$ or more red squares unless it is of the following configuration:
$RWRWRWRWR$
$RWRWRWRWR$
Proof:
It is obvious we cannot have $11$ or more red squares. In a sub-board with $2$ rows and $9$ columns, suppose we can find two adjacent red squares in a row, then consider these two columns with either the immediate right column or left column. We can have at most $3$ red squares in these $3$ columns. Hence we have at least $7$ left for $6$ columns. Grouping them into $3$ blocks of $2\times 2$, we have a contradiction. Hence we cannot find two adjacent red squares in a row, and hence it must be
$RWRWRWRWR$
$RWRWRWRWR$

Now consider the top row. If it has $5$ red, we have $41$ left for $8$ rows. Contradiction. If not, remove the top $2$ rows. We will be removing at most $9$ red. Repeat this process to get a contradiction.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by SMOJ, Jun 24, 2015, 5:29 AM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
enthusiast101
1086 posts
#8 • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
Consider a $2 \times 3$ sub-rectangle of the $9 \times 9$ square. It is made up of $2$ overlapping $2 \times 2$ block. The maximum number of red squares in the $2 ~ x ~ 3 $ rectangle is $3$ because if we choose any $4$ red squares, it is easy to show that $3$ of them are part of $1$ square. Hence, since there are $4 \cdot 3=12$ non-overlapping rectangles of this configuration, with a total of $36$ red squares, it leaves $1$ row of $9$ uncolored squares at the bottom. All of these are not part of any considered $2 ~x ~2$ square, and hence can be colored for a maximum of $45$ red squares.
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by enthusiast101, Feb 3, 2019, 2:28 PM
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a