Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 1-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

We have your learning goals covered with Spring and Summer courses available. Enroll today!
No tags match your search
M
G
Topic
First Poster
Last Poster
H
k a March Highlights and 2025 AoPS Online Class Information
jlacosta   0
Mar 2, 2025
March is the month for State MATHCOUNTS competitions! Kudos to everyone who participated in their local chapter competitions and best of luck to all going to State! Join us on March 11th for a Math Jam devoted to our favorite Chapter competition problems! Are you interested in training for MATHCOUNTS? Be sure to check out our AMC 8/MATHCOUNTS Basics and Advanced courses.

Are you ready to level up with Olympiad training? Registration is open with early bird pricing available for our WOOT programs: MathWOOT (Levels 1 and 2), CodeWOOT, PhysicsWOOT, and ChemWOOT. What is WOOT? WOOT stands for Worldwide Online Olympiad Training and is a 7-month high school math Olympiad preparation and testing program that brings together many of the best students from around the world to learn Olympiad problem solving skills. Classes begin in September!

Do you have plans this summer? There are so many options to fit your schedule and goals whether attending a summer camp or taking online classes, it can be a great break from the routine of the school year. Check out our summer courses at AoPS Online, or if you want a math or language arts class that doesn’t have homework, but is an enriching summer experience, our AoPS Virtual Campus summer camps may be just the ticket! We are expanding our locations for our AoPS Academies across the country with 15 locations so far and new campuses opening in Saratoga CA, Johns Creek GA, and the Upper West Side NY. Check out this page for summer camp information.

Be sure to mark your calendars for the following events:
[list][*]March 5th (Wednesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, HCSSiM Math Jam 2025. Amber Verser, Assistant Director of the Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics, will host an information session about HCSSiM, a summer program for high school students.
[*]March 6th (Thursday), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Free Webinar on Math Competitions from elementary through high school. Join us for an enlightening session that demystifies the world of math competitions and helps you make informed decisions about your contest journey.
[*]March 11th (Tuesday), 4:30pm PT/7:30pm ET, 2025 MATHCOUNTS Chapter Discussion MATH JAM. AoPS instructors will discuss some of their favorite problems from the MATHCOUNTS Chapter Competition. All are welcome!
[*]March 13th (Thursday), 4:00pm PT/7:00pm ET, Free Webinar about Summer Camps at the Virtual Campus. Transform your summer into an unforgettable learning adventure! From elementary through high school, we offer dynamic summer camps featuring topics in mathematics, language arts, and competition preparation - all designed to fit your schedule and ignite your passion for learning.[/list]
Our full course list for upcoming classes is below:
All classes run 7:30pm-8:45pm ET/4:30pm - 5:45pm PT unless otherwise noted.

Introductory: Grades 5-10

Prealgebra 1 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 1
Sunday, Mar 2 - Jun 22
Friday, Mar 28 - Jul 18
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 13 - Aug 26
Thursday, May 29 - Sep 11
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Monday, Jun 30 - Oct 20
Wednesday, Jul 16 - Oct 29

Prealgebra 2 Self-Paced

Prealgebra 2
Tuesday, Mar 25 - Jul 8
Sunday, Apr 13 - Aug 10
Wednesday, May 7 - Aug 20
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 29 - Oct 26
Friday, Jul 25 - Nov 21


Introduction to Algebra A Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra A
Sunday, Mar 23 - Jul 20
Monday, Apr 7 - Jul 28
Sunday, May 11 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Wednesday, May 14 - Aug 27
Friday, May 30 - Sep 26
Monday, Jun 2 - Sep 22
Sunday, Jun 15 - Oct 12
Thursday, Jun 26 - Oct 9
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Oct 28

Introduction to Counting & Probability Self-Paced

Introduction to Counting & Probability
Sunday, Mar 16 - Jun 8
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Thursday, May 15 - Jul 31
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Wednesday, Jul 9 - Sep 24
Sunday, Jul 27 - Oct 19

Introduction to Number Theory
Monday, Mar 17 - Jun 9
Thursday, Apr 17 - Jul 3
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Monday, Jun 9 - Aug 25
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Jul 15 - Sep 30

Introduction to Algebra B Self-Paced

Introduction to Algebra B
Sunday, Mar 2 - Jun 22
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 30
Tuesday, May 6 - Aug 19
Wednesday, Jun 4 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Oct 19
Friday, Jul 18 - Nov 14

Introduction to Geometry
Tuesday, Mar 4 - Aug 12
Sunday, Mar 23 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Apr 23 - Oct 1
Sunday, May 11 - Nov 9
Tuesday, May 20 - Oct 28
Monday, Jun 16 - Dec 8
Friday, Jun 20 - Jan 9
Sunday, Jun 29 - Jan 11
Monday, Jul 14 - Jan 19

Intermediate: Grades 8-12

Intermediate Algebra
Sunday, Mar 16 - Sep 14
Tuesday, Mar 25 - Sep 2
Monday, Apr 21 - Oct 13
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 23
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Nov 18
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 10
Sunday, Jul 13 - Jan 18
Thursday, Jul 24 - Jan 22

Intermediate Counting & Probability
Sunday, Mar 23 - Aug 3
Wednesday, May 21 - Sep 17
Sunday, Jun 22 - Nov 2

Intermediate Number Theory
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Jun 18 - Sep 3

Precalculus
Sunday, Mar 16 - Aug 24
Wednesday, Apr 9 - Sep 3
Friday, May 16 - Oct 24
Sunday, Jun 1 - Nov 9
Monday, Jun 30 - Dec 8

Advanced: Grades 9-12

Olympiad Geometry
Wednesday, Mar 5 - May 21
Tuesday, Jun 10 - Aug 26

Calculus
Sunday, Mar 30 - Oct 5
Tuesday, May 27 - Nov 11
Wednesday, Jun 25 - Dec 17

Group Theory
Thursday, Jun 12 - Sep 11

Contest Preparation: Grades 6-12

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Basics
Sunday, Mar 23 - Jun 15
Wednesday, Apr 16 - Jul 2
Friday, May 23 - Aug 15
Monday, Jun 2 - Aug 18
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

MATHCOUNTS/AMC 8 Advanced
Friday, Apr 11 - Jun 27
Sunday, May 11 - Aug 10
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Problem Series
Tuesday, Mar 4 - May 20
Monday, Mar 31 - Jun 23
Friday, May 9 - Aug 1
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15
Tues & Thurs, Jul 8 - Aug 14 (meets twice a week!)

AMC 10 Final Fives
Sunday, May 11 - Jun 8
Tuesday, May 27 - Jun 17
Monday, Jun 30 - Jul 21

AMC 12 Problem Series
Tuesday, May 27 - Aug 12
Thursday, Jun 12 - Aug 28
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 21
Wednesday, Aug 6 - Oct 22

AMC 12 Final Fives
Sunday, May 18 - Jun 15

F=ma Problem Series
Wednesday, Jun 11 - Aug 27

WOOT Programs
Visit the pages linked for full schedule details for each of these programs!

MathWOOT Level 1
MathWOOT Level 2
ChemWOOT
CodeWOOT
PhysicsWOOT

Programming

Introduction to Programming with Python
Monday, Mar 24 - Jun 16
Thursday, May 22 - Aug 7
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14 (1:00 - 2:30 pm ET/10:00 - 11:30 am PT)
Tuesday, Jun 17 - Sep 2
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

Intermediate Programming with Python
Sunday, Jun 1 - Aug 24
Monday, Jun 30 - Sep 22

USACO Bronze Problem Series
Tuesday, May 13 - Jul 29
Sunday, Jun 22 - Sep 1

Physics

Introduction to Physics
Sunday, Mar 30 - Jun 22
Wednesday, May 21 - Aug 6
Sunday, Jun 15 - Sep 14
Monday, Jun 23 - Sep 15

Physics 1: Mechanics
Tuesday, Mar 25 - Sep 2
Thursday, May 22 - Oct 30
Monday, Jun 23 - Dec 15

Relativity
Sat & Sun, Apr 26 - Apr 27 (4:00 - 7:00 pm ET/1:00 - 4:00pm PT)
Mon, Tue, Wed & Thurs, Jun 23 - Jun 26 (meets every day of the week!)
0 replies
jlacosta
Mar 2, 2025
0 replies
J
H
k i Adding contests to the Contest Collections
dcouchman   1
N Apr 5, 2023 by v_Enhance
Want to help AoPS remain a valuable Olympiad resource? Help us add contests to AoPS's Contest Collections.

Find instructions and a list of contests to add here: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c40244h1064480_contests_to_add
1 reply
dcouchman
Sep 9, 2019
v_Enhance
Apr 5, 2023
J
H
k i Zero tolerance
ZetaX   49
N May 4, 2019 by NoDealsHere
Source: Use your common sense! (enough is enough)
Some users don't want to learn, some other simply ignore advises.
But please follow the following guideline:


To make it short: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!
If you don't have common sense, don't post.


More specifically:

For new threads:


a) Good, meaningful title:
The title has to say what the problem is about in best way possible.
If that title occured already, it's definitely bad. And contest names aren't good either.
That's in fact a requirement for being able to search old problems.

Examples:
Bad titles:
- "Hard"/"Medium"/"Easy" (if you find it so cool how hard/easy it is, tell it in the post and use a title that tells us the problem)
- "Number Theory" (hey guy, guess why this forum's named that way¿ and is it the only such problem on earth¿)
- "Fibonacci" (there are millions of Fibonacci problems out there, all posted and named the same...)
- "Chinese TST 2003" (does this say anything about the problem¿)
Good titles:
- "On divisors of a³+2b³+4c³-6abc"
- "Number of solutions to x²+y²=6z²"
- "Fibonacci numbers are never squares"


b) Use search function:
Before posting a "new" problem spend at least two, better five, minutes to look if this problem was posted before. If it was, don't repost it. If you have anything important to say on topic, post it in one of the older threads.
If the thread is locked cause of this, use search function.

Update (by Amir Hossein). The best way to search for two keywords in AoPS is to input
[code]+"first keyword" +"second keyword"[/code]
so that any post containing both strings "first word" and "second form".


c) Good problem statement:
Some recent really bad post was:
[quote]$lim_{n\to 1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{n}-lnn$[/quote]
It contains no question and no answer.
If you do this, too, you are on the best way to get your thread deleted. Write everything clearly, define where your variables come from (and define the "natural" numbers if used). Additionally read your post at least twice before submitting. After you sent it, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.


For answers to already existing threads:


d) Of any interest and with content:
Don't post things that are more trivial than completely obvious. For example, if the question is to solve $x^{3}+y^{3}=z^{3}$, do not answer with "$x=y=z=0$ is a solution" only. Either you post any kind of proof or at least something unexpected (like "$x=1337, y=481, z=42$ is the smallest solution). Someone that does not see that $x=y=z=0$ is a solution of the above without your post is completely wrong here, this is an IMO-level forum.
Similar, posting "I have solved this problem" but not posting anything else is not welcome; it even looks that you just want to show off what a genius you are.

e) Well written and checked answers:
Like c) for new threads, check your solutions at least twice for mistakes. And after sending, read it again and use the Edit-Button if necessary to correct errors.



To repeat it: ALWAYS USE YOUR COMMON SENSE IF POSTING!


Everything definitely out of range of common sense will be locked or deleted (exept for new users having less than about 42 posts, they are newbies and need/get some time to learn).

The above rules will be applied from next monday (5. march of 2007).
Feel free to discuss on this here.
49 replies
ZetaX
Feb 27, 2007
NoDealsHere
May 4, 2019
J
H
inequality
senku23   1
N 8 minutes ago by giangtruong13
Let x,y,z in R+ prove that 8(x^3+y^3+z^3)2≥9(x^2+yz)(y^2+zx)(z^2+xy).
1 reply
+1 w
senku23
15 minutes ago
giangtruong13
8 minutes ago
J
H
D1015 : A strange EF for polynomials
Dattier   1
N 9 minutes ago by Dattier
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Find all $P \in \mathbb R[x,y]$ with $P \not\in \mathbb R[x] \cup \mathbb R[y]$ and $\forall g,f$ homeomorphismes of $\mathbb R$, $P(f,g)$ is an homoemorphisme too.
1 reply
Dattier
Mar 16, 2025
Dattier
9 minutes ago
J
H
BMN is equilateral iff rectangle ABCD is square
parmenides51   2
N 14 minutes ago by Tsikaloudakis
Source: 2004 Romania NMO SL - Shortlist VII-VIII p8 https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3950157_
Consider a point $M$ on the diagonal $BD$ of a given rectangle $ABCD$, such that $\angle AMC = \angle CMD$. The point $N$ is the intersection point between $AM$ and the parallel line to $CM$ that contains $B$. Prove that the triangle $BMN$ is equilateral if and only if $ABCD$ is a square.

Valentin Vornicu
2 replies
parmenides51
Sep 16, 2024
Tsikaloudakis
14 minutes ago
J
H
Cutting a big square into smaller squares
nAalniaOMliO   4
N 26 minutes ago by anudeep
Source: Belarusian National Olympiad 2020
A $20 \times 20$ checkered board is cut into several squares with integer side length. The size of a square is it's side length.
What is the maximum amount of different sizes this squares can have?
4 replies
nAalniaOMliO
Jan 29, 2025
anudeep
26 minutes ago
J
H
2015 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 1 Problem 1
wanwan4343   11
N 28 minutes ago by ariopro1387
Source: 2015 Taiwan TST Round 1 Quiz 1 Problem 1
Find all primes $p,q,r$ such that $qr-1$ is divisible by $p$, $pr-1$ is divisible by $q$, $pq-1$ is divisible by $r$.
11 replies
wanwan4343
Jul 12, 2015
ariopro1387
28 minutes ago
J
H
D1010 : How it is possible ?
Dattier   13
N 29 minutes ago by Dattier
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Is it true that$$\forall n \in \mathbb N^*, (24^n \times B \mod A) \mod 2 = 0 $$?

A=1728400904217815186787639216753921417860004366580219212750904
024377969478249664644267971025952530803647043121025959018172048
336953969062151534282052863307398281681465366665810775710867856
720572225880311472925624694183944650261079955759251769111321319
421445397848518597584590900951222557860592579005088853698315463
815905425095325508106272375728975

B=2275643401548081847207782760491442295266487354750527085289354
965376765188468052271190172787064418854789322484305145310707614
546573398182642923893780527037224143380886260467760991228567577
953725945090125797351518670892779468968705801340068681556238850
340398780828104506916965606659768601942798676554332768254089685
307970609932846902
13 replies
1 viewing
Dattier
Mar 10, 2025
Dattier
29 minutes ago
J
H
Eventually constant sequence with condition
PerfectPlayer   2
N 31 minutes ago by egxa
Source: Turkey TST 2025 Day 3 P8
A positive real number sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3,\dots $ and a positive integer \(s\) is given.
Let $f_n(0) = \frac{a_n+\dots+a_1}{n}$ and for each $0<k<n$
\[f_n(k)=\frac{a_n+\dots+a_{k+1}}{n-k}-\frac{a_k+\dots+a_1}{k}\]Then for every integer $n\geq s,$ the condition
\[a_{n+1}=\max_{0\leq k<n}(f_n(k))\]is satisfied. Prove that this sequence must be eventually constant.
2 replies
PerfectPlayer
Yesterday at 4:27 AM
egxa
31 minutes ago
J
H
JBMO Shortlist 2021 C2
Lukaluce   5
N 40 minutes ago by Frd_19_Hsnzde
Source: JBMO Shortlist 2021
Let $n$ be a positive integer. We are given a $3n \times 3n$ board whose unit squares are colored in black and white in such way that starting with the top left square, every third diagonal is colored in black and the rest of the board is in white. In one move, one can take a $2 \times 2$ square and change the color of all its squares in such way that white squares become orange, orange ones become black and black ones become white. Find all $n$ for which, using a finite number of moves, we can make all the squares which were initially black white, and all squares which were initially white black.

Proposed by Boris Stanković and Marko Dimitrić, Bosnia and Herzegovina
5 replies
Lukaluce
Jul 2, 2022
Frd_19_Hsnzde
40 minutes ago
J
H
Flips in triangulation
Oksutok   0
40 minutes ago
Prove that every triangulation of a convex $n$-polygon can be constructed from any other triangulation by at most $2n-10$ flips (if $n>12$).

Note. A flip is an operation that transforms one triangulation to another by removing an edge between two triangles and adding the opposite diagonal to the resulting quadrilateral.
0 replies
Oksutok
40 minutes ago
0 replies
J
H
D1016 : A strange result about the palindrom polynomials
Dattier   4
N an hour ago by lbh_qys
Source: les dattes à Dattier
Let $Q\in \{-1,1,0\}[x]$ with $Q(1)=0$.

Is it true that $\exists P \in \mathbb Z[x]$ palindrom with $P | Q$ ?
4 replies
Dattier
Monday at 12:13 PM
lbh_qys
an hour ago
J
H
Laura fixing roads with cheap price
CrazyInMath   1
N an hour ago by shanelin-sigma
Source: 2024 CK Summer MSG Mock C3; Shortlist C5
In the nation of Peach Blossom Origin, there are $n$ cities numbered $1$ to $n$. City $a$ and city $b$ has a bidirectional road of lengths $(a+b)^a$ if and only if $a<b$ and $a+b$ is a prime number.
As Typhoon Gaemi strikes, all roads are destroyed. The admin Laura wants to repair some roads such that for each pair of city, you can get from one to another just using the repaired roads. However, each unit length of road costs $1$ dollar to fix, and Laura wants to minimize the cost. Prove that Laura would have one unique way to do this.

Proposed by CrazyInMath.
1 reply
CrazyInMath
Aug 16, 2024
shanelin-sigma
an hour ago
J
H
Slightly weird points which are not so weird
Pranav1056   10
N an hour ago by kes0716
Source: India TST 2023 Day 4 P1
Suppose an acute scalene triangle $ABC$ has incentre $I$ and incircle touching $BC$ at $D$. Let $Z$ be the antipode of $A$ in the circumcircle of $ABC$. Point $L$ is chosen on the internal angle bisector of $\angle BZC$ such that $AL = LI$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of arc $BZC$, and let $V$ be the midpoint of $ID$. Prove that $\angle IML = \angle DVM$
10 replies
Pranav1056
Jul 9, 2023
kes0716
an hour ago
J
H
classical R+ FE
jasperE3   1
N an hour ago by pco
Source: kent2207, based on 2019 Slovenia TST
wanted to post this problem in its own thread: https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1784825p34307772
Find all functions $f:\mathbb R^+\to\mathbb R^+$ for which:
$$f(f(x)+f(y))=yf(1+yf(x))$$for all $x,y\in\mathbb R^+$.
1 reply
jasperE3
Yesterday at 3:55 PM
pco
an hour ago
J
H
Physics disguised as math
everythingpi3141592   7
N an hour ago by kes0716
Source: India IMOTC 2024 Day 4 Problem 2
There are $n\ge 3$ particles on a circle situated at the vertices of a regular $n$-gon. All these particles move on the circle with the same constant speed. One of the particles moves in the clockwise direction while all others move in the anti-clockwise direction. When particles collide, that is, they are all at the same point, they all reverse the direction of their motion and continue with the same speed as before.

Let $s$ be the smallest number of collisions after which all particles return to their original positions. Find $s$.

Proposed by N.V. Tejaswi
7 replies
everythingpi3141592
May 31, 2024
kes0716
an hour ago
J
H
J
H
Problem 3 of First round
Pinko   2
N Nov 27, 2019 by sqing
Source: II International Festival of Young Mathematicians Sozopol 2011, Theme for 10-12 grade
If $x$ and $y$ are real numbers, determine the greatest possible value of the expression
$\frac{(x+1)(y+1)(xy+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)}$.
2 replies
Pinko
Nov 27, 2019
sqing
Nov 27, 2019
J
Problem 3 of First round
G H J
Reveal topic tags
algebra
maximum value
inequalities
L
G H BBookmark kLocked kLocked NReply
Source: II International Festival of Young Mathematicians Sozopol 2011, Theme for 10-12 grade
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
Pinko
437 posts
Pinko
#1 h  Nov 27, 2019, 10:19 AM • 1 Y
Y by Adventure10
If $x$ and $y$ are real numbers, determine the greatest possible value of the expression
$\frac{(x+1)(y+1)(xy+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)}$.
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
bel.jad5
3750 posts
bel.jad5
#2 h  Nov 27, 2019, 11:10 AM • 2 Y
Y by Pinko, Adventure10
Pinko wrote:
If $x$ and $y$ are real numbers, determine the greatest possible value of the expression
$\frac{(x+1)(y+1)(xy+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)}$.
We have:
$$(x^2+1)^2(y^2+1)^2=(x^2+1)(y^2+1)(x^2+1)(y^2+1) \geq \frac{(x+1)^2(y+1)^2(xy+1)^2}{4}$$Therefore:
$$\frac{(x+1)(y+1)(xy+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)} \leq 2$$Equality at $x=y=1$
This post has been edited 1 time. Last edited by bel.jad5, Nov 27, 2019, 11:24 AM
Z K Y
The post below has been deleted. Click to close.
This post has been deleted. Click here to see post.
sqing
41095 posts
sqing
#3 h  Nov 27, 2019, 1:47 PM • 2 Y
Y by Adventure10, Mango247
If $x$ and $y$ are real numbers, determine the greatest possible value of the expression
$\frac{(x+1)(y+1)(3xy+1)}{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)}.$
Z K Y
N Quick Reply
G
H
=
a